The bias against attractiveness is fairly implicit and furthermore, powerfully impacts people’s subsequent impressions of and behaviors toward others (Cash, Gillen, & Burns, 1977; Dion et al., 1972). Pallet, Link and Lee (2010) examined the effect of various facial spatial configurations on attractiveness and found that raters rated faces as most attractive when the eyeto-mouth ratio approximated 36% of the face length (the "golden ratio"), which coincides with the measurements of an average and thus more attractive face. The present study examined the extent to which the distance of these objectively measured facial features affected mentors’ perceptions of their protégés, the subsequent mentoring given to them, and the protégés’ own behavior (e.g. seek feedback, request specific information).The gender composition of the mentor-protégé dyad was expected to moderate these relationships. I also examined whether, given the expected effects of facial measurements, withholding access to visual cues would affect mentor perceptions and behavior. Participants were 118 mentor/protégé dyads from a large Southeastern university who volunteered to participate in a formal online peer mentoring program. After seeing their protégés’ profiles (and for those in the experimental condition, a picture), mentors chatted with their protégés once a week for 30 minutes for a total of 4 weeks. Results indicated that protégés with facial features moderately distant from the golden ratio were perceived as more similar by mentors in same-gender dyads and received greater mentoring than did protégés closest and farthest from the golden ratio. In opposite-gender dyads, however, mentors reported greater similarity toward those that were farthest from the golden ratio but provided the greatest mentoring to those closest to the golden ratio. The relationship iv between facial measurements and protégé proactivity was moderated by whether or not their mentor had access to their picture. While protégés closest to the ratio were more proactive in the picture condition, those that were farthest from it were more proactive in the non-picture condition. Proactivity was as expected associated with greater levels of mentoring, which was ultimately related to a more fulfilled and beneficial relationship for protégés (i.e. less stress, greater self-efficacy and satisfaction). The results of this study indicate that facial measurements are associated with both differences in mentor and in protégé behavior and that the specific nature of these relationships differs as a function of gender composition. Implications for practice and theory will be discussed

No description available.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Madeline Heilman’s (1983) Lack of Fit Model, which postulates why discrimination occurs in the selection of sex-typed jobs, has been applied to the interaction of applicant attractiveness. Yet recent research suggests that other appearance variables, namely sex-typed facial features, may be associated with perceptions of fit. Building upon Heilman’s 1983 model, the current study evaluated how sex-typed facial features relate to applicant selection for sex-typed fields. Undergraduate students were recruited for participation during the spring academic semester (n = 413) and data were analyzed using a 2x2x2 ANOVA. Results indicated that selection is significantly impacted by the three-way interaction of applicant sex, facial feature-type, and sex type of the applying field. Further, masculine-featured females and feminine-featured males were significantly less favored for selection within the feminine sex-typed field. Implications of these findings and the differential evaluation of male and female applicants in a feminine field are discussed.

Objetivos: Comparar os efeitos de um mês de tratamento com aparelho de pressão aérea positiva (CPAP) e com placebo sobre a aparência e características objetivas da pele da face de pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS), num estudo randomizado e cruzado. Métodos: Foram incluídos pacientes consecutivos com AOS grave e sonolentos. Os pacientes realizaram três polissonografias (PSG): a primeira para confirmação da AOS e outras duas adicionais com uso de placebo (dilatador nasal) e para titulação de CPAP, antes do início de cada tratamento. Todos os pacientes foram aleatoriamente alocados em dois grupos de tratamento: 1) uso do placebo e 2) uso do CPAP. Após um mês com o primeiro tratamento e 15 dias de washout, houve cruzamento para o segundo tratamento. A face dos pacientes foi fotografada de modo padronizado nos três momentos experimentais. As fotografias foram apresentadas, em ordem aleatória, pelo Qualtrics Survey Software, e avaliadas on-line por 704 observadores para quantificação da aparência saudável (nada saudável até extremamente saudável), atraente (nada atraente até extremamente atraente) e cansada (nada cansada até extremamente cansada). A idade aparente também foi perguntada para cada observador. Foram realizadas avaliações quantitativas das características da pele da face dos pacientes, em cada momento experimental, incluindo a presença de acne, manchas, porosidade, rugas, textura, e uniformidade do tom da pele, por meio da captação de imagens pelo equipamento VISIATM System. Resultados: Foram avaliados 30 pacientes (idade=46±9 anos; 21 homens). Os pacientes utilizaram o placebo em 98% das noites do período de tratamento e a adesão ao CPAP foi de 94% das noites, com média de 6,0 ± 1,7 horas de uso por dia de tratamento. Após o tratamento com CPAP, em comparação ao momento basal e após tratamento placebo, foi observada melhora na qualidade objetiva do sono, sonolência, qualidade de vida e sintomas depressivos (P < 0,05). A avaliação das fotografias pelos observadores mostrou que os pacientes foram identificados como mais jovens após o uso de CPAP (P < 0,001), mas não foram observadas alterações quantitativas das características da pele da face, em comparação com o momento basal e após o uso de placebo. A análise de regressão linear identificou que a quantidade de dias de tratamento com CPAP, o tempo total de sono e a porcentagem do tempo total de sono com saturação de oxihemoglobina abaixo de 90% foram preditores da diminuição da idade atribuída após o uso de CPAP. Conclusão: Os pacientes com AOS graves e sonolentos apresentaram aparência mais jovem após um mês de tratamento com CPAP / Objectives: To compare the effects of one month with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment and placebo intervention on the appearance and objective facial skin characteristics of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a randomized crossover study. Methods: Consecutive sleepy patients with severe OSA were included. The patients underwent three polysomnograms (PSG): first one to confirm OSA and two additional ones using placebo (nasal dilator) and for CPAP titration before starting each treatment period. All patients were randomly included into two treatment groups: 1) placebo use and 2) CPAP use. After one month with the first treatment and 15 days of washout, patients were crossed-over for the second treatment. Photographs from the patients\' faces were obtained in the three experimental moments. The photographs were presented in a random order by the Qualtrics Survey Software, and were evaluated online by 704 observers for quantifying healthy appearance (unhealthy to extremely healthy), attractive (unattractive to extremely attractive) and tired (not tired to extremely tired). Apparent age was also rated for each observer. Quantitative evaluations of the skin characteristics of the patients\' faces were also carried out at each experimental moment, including the presence of acne, patches, porosity, wrinkles, texture, and skin tone uniformity, through the capture of images by VISIATM System equipment. Results: 30 patients (age = 46±9 years, 21 men) were evaluated. During treatment period, the patients wearing placebo intervention on 98% of the nights and adherence to CPAP was 94%, with a mean of 6.0 ± 1.7 hours of use per day of treatment. After CPAP treatment, compared to baseline and after placebo treatment, improvement in the objective sleep quality, sleepiness, quality of life and depressive symptoms were observed (P <0.05). Observational assessment of the photographs showed that patients were evaluated as being younger after using CPAP (P < 0.001), but no quantitative changes in face skin characteristics were observed compared to the baseline and after the use of placebo. Linear regression analysis identified the number of days with CPAP treatment, total sleep time and percentage of total sleep time with oxyhemoglobin saturation below 90% were predictors of decreasing of rated age after CPAP treatment. Conclusion: Sleepy patients with severe OSA had a younger appearance after one month of CPAP treatment

Objetivos: Comparar os efeitos de um mês de tratamento com aparelho de pressão aérea positiva (CPAP) e com placebo sobre a aparência e características objetivas da pele da face de pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS), num estudo randomizado e cruzado. Métodos: Foram incluídos pacientes consecutivos com AOS grave e sonolentos. Os pacientes realizaram três polissonografias (PSG): a primeira para confirmação da AOS e outras duas adicionais com uso de placebo (dilatador nasal) e para titulação de CPAP, antes do início de cada tratamento. Todos os pacientes foram aleatoriamente alocados em dois grupos de tratamento: 1) uso do placebo e 2) uso do CPAP. Após um mês com o primeiro tratamento e 15 dias de washout, houve cruzamento para o segundo tratamento. A face dos pacientes foi fotografada de modo padronizado nos três momentos experimentais. As fotografias foram apresentadas, em ordem aleatória, pelo Qualtrics Survey Software, e avaliadas on-line por 704 observadores para quantificação da aparência saudável (nada saudável até extremamente saudável), atraente (nada atraente até extremamente atraente) e cansada (nada cansada até extremamente cansada). A idade aparente também foi perguntada para cada observador. Foram realizadas avaliações quantitativas das características da pele da face dos pacientes, em cada momento experimental, incluindo a presença de acne, manchas, porosidade, rugas, textura, e uniformidade do tom da pele, por meio da captação de imagens pelo equipamento VISIATM System. Resultados: Foram avaliados 30 pacientes (idade=46±9 anos; 21 homens). Os pacientes utilizaram o placebo em 98% das noites do período de tratamento e a adesão ao CPAP foi de 94% das noites, com média de 6,0 ± 1,7 horas de uso por dia de tratamento. Após o tratamento com CPAP, em comparação ao momento basal e após tratamento placebo, foi observada melhora na qualidade objetiva do sono, sonolência, qualidade de vida e sintomas depressivos (P < 0,05). A avaliação das fotografias pelos observadores mostrou que os pacientes foram identificados como mais jovens após o uso de CPAP (P < 0,001), mas não foram observadas alterações quantitativas das características da pele da face, em comparação com o momento basal e após o uso de placebo. A análise de regressão linear identificou que a quantidade de dias de tratamento com CPAP, o tempo total de sono e a porcentagem do tempo total de sono com saturação de oxihemoglobina abaixo de 90% foram preditores da diminuição da idade atribuída após o uso de CPAP. Conclusão: Os pacientes com AOS graves e sonolentos apresentaram aparência mais jovem após um mês de tratamento com CPAP / Objectives: To compare the effects of one month with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment and placebo intervention on the appearance and objective facial skin characteristics of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a randomized crossover study. Methods: Consecutive sleepy patients with severe OSA were included. The patients underwent three polysomnograms (PSG): first one to confirm OSA and two additional ones using placebo (nasal dilator) and for CPAP titration before starting each treatment period. All patients were randomly included into two treatment groups: 1) placebo use and 2) CPAP use. After one month with the first treatment and 15 days of washout, patients were crossed-over for the second treatment. Photographs from the patients\' faces were obtained in the three experimental moments. The photographs were presented in a random order by the Qualtrics Survey Software, and were evaluated online by 704 observers for quantifying healthy appearance (unhealthy to extremely healthy), attractive (unattractive to extremely attractive) and tired (not tired to extremely tired). Apparent age was also rated for each observer. Quantitative evaluations of the skin characteristics of the patients\' faces were also carried out at each experimental moment, including the presence of acne, patches, porosity, wrinkles, texture, and skin tone uniformity, through the capture of images by VISIATM System equipment. Results: 30 patients (age = 46±9 years, 21 men) were evaluated. During treatment period, the patients wearing placebo intervention on 98% of the nights and adherence to CPAP was 94%, with a mean of 6.0 ± 1.7 hours of use per day of treatment. After CPAP treatment, compared to baseline and after placebo treatment, improvement in the objective sleep quality, sleepiness, quality of life and depressive symptoms were observed (P <0.05). Observational assessment of the photographs showed that patients were evaluated as being younger after using CPAP (P < 0.001), but no quantitative changes in face skin characteristics were observed compared to the baseline and after the use of placebo. Linear regression analysis identified the number of days with CPAP treatment, total sleep time and percentage of total sleep time with oxyhemoglobin saturation below 90% were predictors of decreasing of rated age after CPAP treatment. Conclusion: Sleepy patients with severe OSA had a younger appearance after one month of CPAP treatment

Aquest context de cultura del consum en què ens trobem, on la mercadotècnia ha aconseguit associar un determinat model corporal a l'èxit personal i social -relació que s'intensifica en l'adolescència, quan l'aspecte físic és objecte de la màxima atenció i preocupació- ha motivat la realització d'una intervenció específica des de l'educació física a través d'un procés d'investigació-acció.L'objectiu de la recerca ha consistit en desenvolupar l'actitud crítica de l'alumnat cap al culte exacerbat al cos mitjançant el disseny, aplicació i avaluació d'un recurs educatiu multimèdia. Tot això en el marc d'una unitat didàctica de condició física i salut per a 4t d'ESO.En la investigació s'analitzen els fonaments curriculars i pedagògics d'aquesta intenció educativa i es delimita conceptualment el principal objecte d'ensenyança: l'actitud crítica. Posteriorment es dissenya, es descriu i s'avalua un pla d'acció aplicat de manera sistemàtica i amb el rigor científic que requereix una recerca que naix i es desenvolupa en la pràctica. / El contexto de cultura del consumo en que nos encontramos, donde la mercadotecnia ha conseguido asociar un determinado modelo corporal al éxito personal y social -relación que se intensifica en la adolescencia, cuando el aspecto físico es objeto de la máxima atención y preocupación- ha motivado la realización de una intervención específica desde la Educación Física a través de un proceso de investigación-acción.El objetivo de la investigación ha consistido en desarrollar la actitud crítica del alumnado hacia el culto al cuerpo exacerbado mediante el diseño, aplicación y evaluación de un recurso educativo multimedia. Todo ello en el marco de una unidad didáctica de condición física y salud para 4º de ESO.En la investigación se analizan los fundamentos curriculares y pedagógicos de esta intención educativa y se delimita conceptualmente el principal objeto de enseñanza: la actitud crítica. Posteriormente se diseña, se describe y se evalúa un plan de acción aplicado de manera sistemática y con el rigor científico que requiere una investigación que nace y se desarrolla en la práctica. / The consumer society in which we live, together with certain merchandising campaigns, has resulted in the fact that people tend to associate more and more the idea of a "perfect body" with personal and social success. Needless to say, people are more and more concerned about their physical appearance during adolescence. All this has inspired a thorough study on this topic from the perspective of the physical education and by means of an "Action-Research" process.The aim of this research was that some students in the fourth year of ESO (the last compulsory school year in the Spanish educational system) should acquire a critical attitude towards the body-building and body-care obsession. This study has been carried out by designing and using an Educational Multimedia Resource.This educational research is to be justified in the curricular foundations of the Spanish educational system and it aims to define clearly the core of this study: the development of a critical attitude. Several teaching strategies are designed, described and assessed, so that students can develop this critical thinking.All in all, the final goal is that students are able to develop a critical attitude while working from their own experiences.