Submitted by DANIEL GARCIA null (danielgarciafic@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-27T17:36:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Daniel 2017 (final).pdf: 2667665 bytes, checksum: d52bbb8d7efb917f07ce95d4147b2d70 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-08-29T17:25:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garcia_d_dr_bot.pdf: 2667665 bytes, checksum: d52bbb8d7efb917f07ce95d4147b2d70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T17:25:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garcia_d_dr_bot.pdf: 2667665 bytes, checksum: d52bbb8d7efb917f07ce95d4147b2d70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Este trabalho investigou pela primeira vez as respostas agronômicas e fitoquímicas das inflorescências e dos ramos de Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. cv. CPQBA 2 (macela) submetida a cinco doses de adubo orgânico (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 t ha-1) e dois espaçamentos (50 e 100 cm entre plantas e entre linhas). Procedeu-se, 457 dias após o transplantio (DAT), a colheita e análise dos dados de altura, biomassa seca (ramos e inflorescências), seguidas das análises laboratoriais: extração (p/p%) e análise das substancias químicas do óleo essencial (%) bem como sua atividade antibacteriana; teores de luteolina, 3-O-metilquercetina, quercetina, ácido cafeico, rutina e trans-ferúlico (mg/100g) do extrato hidroalcoólico, além das análises do teor de flavonoides e fenóis totais (mg/100g) durante quatro idades de coleta (150, 240, 320 e 457 DAT). Os dados de altura das plantas demonstram que o tratamento 30 t ha-1 se destacou (110,89 cm). O teor de biomassa seca das inflorescências apresentou diferença estatística significativa apenas para o menor espaçamento (1.267,33 kg ha-1). Em relação ao teor de óleo essencial das inflorescências houve destaque significativo apenas para o tratamento controle (0,2935%) e para os ramos houve diferença significativa o tratamento 30 t ha-1 (0,1086%). A correlação entre o acúmulo de óleo (L.ha-1) com o total de biomassa seca atingida (Kg.ha-1) foi calculada, sendo os teores de óleo dos ramos (19,33 L ha-1) maiores que os das inflorescências (3,34 L ha-1). Foram identificadas 30 substâncias químicas no óleo essencial, tanto das inflorescências como dos ramos. α-Pineno foi a principal substância química detectada tanto nas inflorescências (58,96%) como nos ramos (46,53%), seguida de β-cariofileno e α-humuleno. Os teores de flavonoides nos ramos oscilou durante as quatro idades de coleta. Foi encontrada significância na terceira coleta (320 DAT) no tratamento 60 t ha-1, no menor espaçamento (281,2 mg/100g). Já os teores de fenóis totais apresentaram diferença significativa entre as idades, sendo 240 DAT (154,48 mg/100g) a idade que se destacou. Dentre os polifenois analisados, 3-O-metilquercetina acumulou em maiores teores nas inflorescências, sendo a maior dose de adubo no maior espaçamento o tratamento que acumulou maior teor (329,45 mg/100g). Os resultados para atividade antibacteriana dos óleos essenciais testados demonstraram que não houve inibição de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli nas concentrações testadas. Pode-se inferir com estes resultados que as doses crescentes de adubo e os dois espaçamentos não foram capazes de aumentar gradativamente a capacidade produtiva para a maioria das variáveis testadas. / This work has investigated for the first time the agronomic and phytochemical responses from inflorescences and branches of Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. cv. CPQBA 2 (macela) over five doses of organic fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 t ha-1) and two spacings (50 and 100 cm between plants and between rows). Harvest time were carried out, 457 days after transplanting (DAT), followed by laboratory analysis: extraction (w/w%) and analysis of chemicals substances from essential oil (%) as well as its antibacterial activity; luteolin, 3-O-methylquercetin, quercetin, caffeic acid, rutin and trans-ferulic acid (mg/100g) of the hydroalcoholic extract further the analyzes of the flavonoid and phenolic acid content (mg/100g) during four moments (150, 240, 320 and 457 DAT). Plant height data demonstrate that the 30 t ha-1 treatment stood out (110.89 cm). The dry biomass content of the inflorescences presented significant statistical difference only for the smallest spacing (1,267.33 kg ha-1). Regarding the essential oil content of the inflorescences, there was a significant difference only for the control treatment (0.2935%) and for the branches there was a significant difference in the treatment 30 t ha-1 (0.1086%). The correlation between the accumulation of oil (L.ha-1) and total dry biomass (Kg.ha-1) was calculated, with the oil contents of the branches (19,33 L ha-1) being higher than the inflorescences (3.34 L ha-1). Thirty chemicals substances were identified in the essential oil of inflorescences and branches. α-Pinene was the main chemical substance detected in inflorescences (58.96%) and branches (46.53%), followed by β-caryophyllene and α-humulene. The levels of flavonoids in the branches oscillated during the four collection moments. Significance was found in the third collection (320 DAT) in the treatment 60 t ha-1, in the smallest spacing (281.2 mg/100g). On the other hand, the phenolic acid contents presented significant difference between the ages, being 240 DAT (154.48 mg/100g) the moment that stood out. Among the polyphenols, 3-O-methylquercetin accumulated higher in inflorescence contents, with the highest dose of fertilizer in the largest spacing being the treatment with the highest content (329.45 mg/100g). The results for antibacterial activity of the essential oils tested showed no inhibition to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the concentrations tested. It can be inferred from these results that the increasing doses of fertilizer and the two spacings were not able to gradually increase the productive capacity for most of the variables tested. / CNPq: 140422/2014-5

Cette étude se focalise sur les impacts de la réactivité en phase aqueuse de la méthacroléïne et de la méthyl vinyl cétone sur la formation des nouveaux aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS), et les impacts de la réactivité en phase aqueuse sur le vieillissement des AOS formés par l’isoprène, α-pinène et 1,3,5-triméthylbenzène en phase gazeuse. Les études de la réactivité en phase aqueuse ont été étudiées vis-à-vis des radicaux OH. Dans le but d’identifier et quantifier les produits d’oxydation des différents précurseurs d’intérêt, les échantillons en phase aqueuse ont été analysés par différents systèmes analytiques. Les résultats montrent clairement la formation de petits composés primaires et secondaires qui ont été expliqués par les mécanismes réactionnels. On a observé également la formation de composés à haute masse moléculaire par rapport à leurs précurseurs. Ces produits ont été supposés être très peu volatils et pourraient induire la formation des AOS lors de l’évaporation de l’eau. Leur capacité à former des AOS a été montrée expérimentalement par les expériences de nébulisation des solutions aqueuses à différents temps de réaction. Les résultats montrent qu’au moins une part de ces produits à haute masse moléculaire reste en phase particulaire lors de l’évaporation de l’eau, et contribue à la formation des AOS. L’ensemble de ces résultats met en évidence le fait que la réactivité en phase aqueuse atmosphérique peut induire des effets importants sur la formation et le vieillissement des AOS atmosphériques, qui peut induire une modification des propriétés physico-chimiques des aérosols. / This work focused on the impacts of aqueous phase OH-oxidation of methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone on the SOA formation, and impacts of aqueous phase OH-oxidation on aging of SOA that are formed by isoprene, -pinene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene in gas phase. The chemical characterization of aqueous phase was performed by different analytical techniques. The results show the formation of small primary and secondary reaction products that were explained by suitable chemical reaction mechanisms. The formation of oligomers with high molecular mass (compared with their precursors) has also been observed during the OH-oxidation. These oligomers might be low volatile compounds that induce the formation of SOA during water evaporation. Their capacity to form SOA was experimentally demonstrated by nebulizing the aqueous phase solution at different reaction times. The results show that at least a part of oligomers remains in the particle phase during water evaporation, and contributes to the SOA formation. All of these results highlight that aqueous phase reactivity could induce important effects on the formation and aging of atmospheric SOA, which can induce modification of physico-chemical properties of SOA.

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