Pucciniomycotina is a subphylum with a high diversity in terms of habitat and life history strategies that include plant parasites, animal associates (including opportunistic human pathogens), saprobes and antagonists of other fungi. The class Cystobasidiomycetes within this subphylum is a representative of such diversity and remains understudied. Their role in nature and the associations they establish with their hosts for most of the species is still unknown. In this study we used taxonomic and phylogenetic methods to present an inventory of strains in this class collected for more than 20 years from all over the world and preserved in the Aime Lab Culture Collection. Molecular and morphological data for six new species in the genera <i>Bannoa, Buckleyzyma</i>, <i>Halobasidium</i> and <i>Sakaguchia </i>were also presented. Additionally, mating experiments were performed by pairing strains of <i>Bannoa</i>; this is the second time in the genus that clamp connections and basidia are observed. We also found that newly described species of <i>Bannoa</i> can be co-inhabitants of sori of rust fungi. In general, antagonistic interactions can occur through: 1) direct physical contact between two fungi, i.e., mycoparasitism; or, 2) the production of antimicrobial compounds. In the Cystobasidiomycetes, direct physical antagonistic interaction which is associated with sexual states has been reported in species of Cystobasidium, Naohidea, Cyphobasidium and Occultifur. On the other hand, the production of antimicrobial compounds which mainly occurs between the yeast stage of the fungi and other organisms has only been reported in Cystobasidium pallidumand Hasegawazyma lactosa. We also hypothesize that the common ancestor to Cystobasidiomycetes is a mycoparasite due to the fact that this life strategy is present in most of the lineages in the class. To test this hypothesis, we grouped into five categories the host association or substrate from which strains of extant species in the Cystobasidiomycetes were isolated, i.e.,animals, plants, fungi, aquatic or decaying organic matter. We constructed a resolved phylogeny for the class based on seven locito study the evolutionary origins of mycoparasitism through ancestral character reconstruction with representation of all described species. Our analysis suggests that the most likely hypothesis is that the most recent common ancestor of the Cystobasidiomycetes was associated to fungi.<br>

A rubelose é uma doença que atinge galhos e ramos, e é causada pelo fungo Erythricium salmonicolor, o qual infecta várias espécies vegetais, tais como citros, seringueira, e macieira. Esta doença vem chamando a atenção dos citricultores devido à redução de até 10% da produção de citros, a qual é preocupante para o Brasil, o maior produtor de laranja do mundo. Entretanto, a diversidade do fungo E. salmonicolor em cultivares brasileiras ainda não foi avaliada. Desta maneira, este trabalho teve como objetivos: i) avaliar a variabilidade genética, por meio de RAPD, de isolados do fungo E. salmonicolor provenientes de diferentes regiões citrícolas de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, ii) avaliar a compatibilidade vegetativa e fusão de hifas deste fungo e iii) selecionar bactérias endofíticas com potencial para o controle deste fungo fitopatogênico. Após a análise por RAPD, foram observados 6 grupos distintos (A, B, C, D, E, F), os quais não apresentaram correlação com o local de origem e espécie hospedeira. No teste de compatibilidade vegetativa houve encontro de hifas em todos os cruzamentos e 84% destes apresentaram fusão entre as hifas. Foi verificada compatibilidade entre linhagens, embora não tenha sido observada correlação com os haplótipos. No teste de antagonismo, 8 isolados bacterianos inibiram E. salmonicolor. Entretanto, foi observada diferença na interação entre as bactérias e diferentes isolados de E. salmonicolor, visto que bactérias diferentes inibiram os dois genótipos do fungo, revelando a variabilidade genética entre estas linhagens que pertencem a diferentes haplótipos. Os resultados observados neste trabalho indicam a importância de futuros estudos sobre a fase sexual de E. salmonicolor, uma vez que a anastomose de hifas precede a formação de heterocário, responsável pelos processos de recombinações sexuais e parassexuais, que geram variabilidade genética em fungos filamentosos. / The fungus Erythricium salmonicolor is the causal agent of pink disease, which infects branches of many host plants, such as citrus, rubber, and apple. This disease may be a serious problem in Brazil, since it can reduce the citrus production up to 10%. Brazil is the major world citrus producer, therefore this problem is alarming. The genetic diversity of E. salmonicolor from Brazilian plants has not been evaluated, so the aims of this study were i) to evaluate the genetic diversity by RAPD of E. salmonicolor isolates from São Paulo and Minas Gerais; ii) to evaluate the vegetative compatibility and hyphal fusion of this fungus; and iii) to select endophytic bacteria able to inhibit the E. salmonicolor growth. RAPD analysis showed at least 6 distinct haplotypes (A, B, C, D, E, F), which did not have correlation with the isolation site and host plant. Also, vegetative compatibility tests showed that 84% of crosses resulted in hyphal fusion, but this compatibility was not related to the RAPD haplotypes. Eight endophytic bacteria were selected against E. salmonicolor, which could be used for biological control of this pathogen. However it was observed different types of interaction among endophytic bacteria and E. salmonicolor strains, since these bacteria inihibited differentially two fungi isolates. It reveals the genetic variability between these fungi isolates that belongs to different haplotypes These results show the importance of future studies concerning the sexual phase of E. salmonicolor, since the genetic variability seems to be high and this hyphal fusion, which precede the formation of heterokaryon (sexual and parassexual reproduction), could be responsible for the variability in this filamentous fungus.

<p>The aim of the thesis is to identify and investigate central themes in two video artworks, Poliisi and Pink Ball, by Swedish artist Annika Larsson. Moreover it is an investigation of the configurations of violence, and an enquiring whether these works have a social-minded intention.</p><p>Elements in scenery, framing and narration are analysed with the term “crystalline regime” (régim cristallin), described by French philosopher Gilles Deleuze, which defines the artificial as opposed to the purely representational. Processes within the narrations of the two works are analysed as rituals, which leads to an investigation of an internal sign-system and to the question whether the rituals in these works have a function. Theory by French philosopher Georges Bataille is used to analyse the ritual with no external purpose, which aims at an intense experience of life. Bataille’s concept “intensity” is used to describe violent as much as erotic themes in the narration as well as in the way the characters are presented, regarding music, camera-angles, etc. Furthermore, the thesis refutes interpretations in which Annika Larssons works are viewed as comments on political matters, such as gender-issues.</p>

The aim of the thesis is to identify and investigate central themes in two video artworks, Poliisi and Pink Ball, by Swedish artist Annika Larsson. Moreover it is an investigation of the configurations of violence, and an enquiring whether these works have a social-minded intention. Elements in scenery, framing and narration are analysed with the term “crystalline regime” (régim cristallin), described by French philosopher Gilles Deleuze, which defines the artificial as opposed to the purely representational. Processes within the narrations of the two works are analysed as rituals, which leads to an investigation of an internal sign-system and to the question whether the rituals in these works have a function. Theory by French philosopher Georges Bataille is used to analyse the ritual with no external purpose, which aims at an intense experience of life. Bataille’s concept “intensity” is used to describe violent as much as erotic themes in the narration as well as in the way the characters are presented, regarding music, camera-angles, etc. Furthermore, the thesis refutes interpretations in which Annika Larssons works are viewed as comments on political matters, such as gender-issues.

Some Turkish Jewish women have been serving the elderly staying in the geriatric unit of the Jewish Or-Ahayim Hospital in Istanbul. Their group is recognized as &lsquo / the Pink Angels.&rsquo / The volunteer women at the Jewish hospital founded a group in 1974, and Nuket Antebi named this group &lsquo / the Pink Angels.&rsquo / Today this group of women is divided into three subgroups: (1) those who offer chat and art therapies, after having been trained, (2) those who distribute foods and beverages, deal with donations, are involved in the preparation process of jam jars, and offer memorial services, and (3) those who assume both duties. The Pink Angels who serve as therapists contribute to the attainment of world peace locally in Istanbul by chatting and reading various texts belonging to various world cultures in the chat therapies and making the patients create works of art and sing songs related to different cultural occasions in the art therapies by promoting global moral values. Sometimes they promote the moral values of other religious and cultural groups by celebrating different feasts and narrating stories belonging to these diverse groups by underscoring the concept unity in diversity and imposing upon the patients that they constitute a family in the hospital. Moreover, not only the foods and beverages the Pink Angels distribute, but also the jam jars and gift baskets they prepare carry Turkish Jewish symbols. This thesis based on fieldwork tests the hypotheses that the Pink Angels employ positive symbols in the therapies and activities they conduct, avoid talking about negative issues, such as sadness and death, not only the therapies, but also all the other activities that the Pink Angels conduct evoke happiness and joy in the patients as long as the Turkish Jewish culture is reproduced, since the patients feel as if they were at home, and several intercultural peace building techniques are employed in the therapies together with symbols and metaphorical imagery emphasizing the importance of peace between different religious and ethnic groups by mentioning the commonalities between them, and the rules obeyed by the Pink Angels provide the patients with comfort, since they conceive that they are in a serious and secure place. Furthermore, the foods cooked everyday in the hospital and the music the patients listen to during the therapies reflect the transcultural identities of the Turkish Jews whose ancestors had lived in different countries and interacted with various cultural groups. Symbolic interactionism is employed in analyzing all of these.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how a CSR strategy can be used as a marketing tool by analyzing ICA‘s and Lindex‘s marketing approach within the Pink Ribbon campaign. Background: The concept of CSR has become more and more common in business practices and customers today almost expect companies to be socially responsible. Even though CSR is very important for companies, it has historically not been a very lucrative approach for them to involve in these activities. However there are ways of combining the social responsibility with earning profits. The concept of CRM is a very effective tool for earning a profit while at the same time being socially responsible. In Sweden one of the biggest and most well known CSR activities is the Pink Ribbon campaign. Could this campaign be utilized to market a company and how would this then be done? Method: The research approach for the thesis was that of a multiple case study with qualitative data collection concerning the Pink Ribbon campaign. To put the campaign into perspective two companies were chosen and they were investigated in terms of their marketing approach and CSR approach. The empirical findings consisted of a number of interviews with managers at different levels within the companies ICA and Lindex. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CSR within the context of the Pink Ribbon campaign works well as a marketing tool. The companies have utilized the campaign to gain a better reputation as well as getting a boost in sales because of it. This is in essence what marketing is all about and by using CSR in the form of CRM you also involve the customers in the process. / Syfte: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur en CSR strategi kan användas som ett marknadsföringsmedel genom att analysera ICA‘s och Lindex tillvägagångssätt under Rosa Bandet kampanjen Bakgrund: CSR som koncept har blivit mer och mer vanligt bland företag och kunder idag förväntar sig att företagen ska ta socialt ansvar. Även om CSR är viktigt för företag så har det historiskt sett inte varit någon lukrativ verksamhet att syssla med dessa frågor. Det finns dock sätt som kombinerar lönsamhet och socialt ansvar. CRM är ett exempel på ett medel som leder till lönsamhet samtidigt som företaget tar socialt ansvar. I Sverige så är Rosa Bandet kampanjen en av de största och mest igenkända CSR aktivitet som företag tar del i. Kan denna aktivitet användas till att marknadsföra företaget och hur ska detta i så fall ske? Metod: Vår undersökningsmetodik har bestått av en multipel fall studie med kvalitativ data angående Rosa Bandet kampanjen. För att sätta kampanjen i ett perspektiv så valde vi ut två företag och undersökte deras tillvägagångssätt med marknadsföring och CSR. Vår empiri bestod av ett antal intervjuer med managers på olika nivåer inom ICA och Lindex. Slutsats: Vår empiri visar att CSR i sammanhanget av Rosa Bandet kampanjen funkar bra som marknadsföringsmedel. Företagen har använt kampanjen både till att förbättra deras anseende samt för att förbättra deras försäljning. Detta är i princip vad marknadsföring handlar om och genom att använda CSR i formen av CRM så involveras även kunderna i processen.

<p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how a CSR strategy can be used as a marketing tool by analyzing ICA‘s and Lindex‘s marketing approach within the Pink Ribbon campaign.</p><p>Background: The concept of CSR has become more and more common in business practices and customers today almost expect companies to be socially responsible. Even though CSR is very important for companies, it has historically not been a very lucrative approach for them to involve in these activities. However there are ways of combining the social responsibility with earning profits. The concept of CRM is a very effective tool for earning a profit while at the same time being socially responsible. In Sweden one of the biggest and most well known CSR activities is the Pink Ribbon campaign. Could this campaign be utilized to market a company and how would this then be done?</p><p>Method: The research approach for the thesis was that of a multiple case study with qualitative data collection concerning the Pink Ribbon campaign. To put the campaign into perspective two companies were chosen and they were investigated in terms of their marketing approach and CSR approach. The empirical findings consisted of a number of interviews with managers at different levels within the companies ICA and Lindex.</p><p>Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CSR within the context of the Pink Ribbon campaign works well as a marketing tool. The companies have utilized the campaign to gain a better reputation as well as getting a boost in sales because of it. This is in essence what marketing is all about and by using CSR in the form of CRM you also involve the customers in the process.</p> / <p>Syfte: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur en CSR strategi kan användas som ett marknadsföringsmedel genom att analysera ICA‘s och Lindex tillvägagångssätt under Rosa Bandet kampanjen</p><p>Bakgrund: CSR som koncept har blivit mer och mer vanligt bland företag och kunder idag förväntar sig att företagen ska ta socialt ansvar. Även om CSR är viktigt för företag så har det historiskt sett inte varit någon lukrativ verksamhet att syssla med dessa frågor. Det finns dock sätt som kombinerar lönsamhet och socialt ansvar. CRM är ett exempel på ett medel som leder till lönsamhet samtidigt som företaget tar socialt ansvar. I Sverige så är Rosa Bandet kampanjen en av de största och mest igenkända CSR aktivitet som företag tar del i. Kan denna aktivitet användas till att marknadsföra företaget och hur ska detta i så fall ske?</p><p>Metod: Vår undersökningsmetodik har bestått av en multipel fall studie med kvalitativ data angående Rosa Bandet kampanjen. För att sätta kampanjen i ett perspektiv så valde vi ut två företag och undersökte deras tillvägagångssätt med marknadsföring och CSR. Vår empiri bestod av ett antal intervjuer med managers på olika nivåer inom ICA och Lindex.</p><p>Slutsats: Vår empiri visar att CSR i sammanhanget av Rosa Bandet kampanjen funkar bra som marknadsföringsmedel. Företagen har använt kampanjen både till att förbättra deras anseende samt för att förbättra deras försäljning. Detta är i princip vad marknadsföring handlar om och genom att använda CSR i formen av CRM så involveras även kunderna i processen.</p>

La conjecture d'André-Pink affirme qu'une sous-variété d'une variété de Shimura ayant une intersection dense avec une orbite de Hecke est faiblement spéciale. On démontre cette conjecture dans le cas de courbes dans une variété de Shimura de type abélien, ainsi que dans certains cas de sous-variétés de dimension supérieure. Ceci est un cas spécial de la conjecture de Zilber-Pink. C'est une généralisation de théorèmes d'Edixhoven et Yafaev quand l'orbite de Hecke se compose de points spéciaux, de Pink quand l'orbite de Hecke se compose de points Galois génériques, et de Habegger et Pila quand la variété de Shimura est un produit de courbes modulaires. Notre démonstration de la conjecture d'André-Pink pour les courbes dans l'espace de modules des variétés abéliennes principalement polarisées est basée sur la méthode de Pila et Zannier, utilisant une variante forte du théorème de comptage de Pila-Wilkie. On obtient les bornes galoisiennes requises grâce au théorème d'isogénie de Masser et Wüstholz. Afin de relier les bornes sur les isogénies aux hauteurs, on démontre également diverses bornes concernant l'arithmétique des formes hermitiennes sur l'anneau d'endomorphismes d'une variété abélienne. Afin d'étendre le résultat sur la conjecture d'André-Pink aux courbes dans les variétés de Shimura de type abélien et à certains cas de sous-variétés de dimension supérieure, on étudie les propriétés fonctorielles de plusieurs variantes des orbites de Hecke. Un chapitre concerne les rangs des groupes de Mumford-Tate de variétés abéliennes complexes. On y démontre une minoration de ces rangs en fonction de la dimension de la variété abélienne, étant donné que ses sous-variétés abéliennes simples sont deux à deux non isogènes.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-08-24T14:13:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Guilherme_Rodrigues2018.pdf: 1002705 bytes, checksum: bc6cb8bfe61935ac05c0c669b8cb2591 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T14:13:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Guilherme_Rodrigues2018.pdf: 1002705 bytes, checksum: bc6cb8bfe61935ac05c0c669b8cb2591 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll. Arg. is a clímax species, native from Atlantic Forest and characteristic of the Stational Semideciduous Forest that is present in the list of endangered species, being indicated for reforestation of degraded areas. With the aim of producing seedlings in nurseries, this study evaluates the germination behavior and the degradation of total soluble and reducing sugars, sucrose and soluble proteins in Aspidosperma polyneuron seeds under water stress, monitoring the alterations in sugar and protein contents during germination period. The analyzed variables for germination were percentage, mean time, speed index, relative frequency and synchrony, while for degradation were determined the content alterations in quantity of total soluble sugars, reducing sugar, sucrose, albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins in the seed intact. The tests were conducted in Petri dishes, using three “Germitest” paper sheets, imbibed with PEG 6000 solutions in different osmotic potentials (-0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.0, -1.2 e -1.4 MPa) and distilled water to represent the potential of 0.0. Four replicates of 15 seeds were prepared. For degradation analysis, 100 mg fresh mass of each sample was used. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design, in simple factorial scheme for germination and double factorial scheme (5 collecting periods x 8 osmotic potentials) for degradation. In germination analysis, we verified that as the osmotic potential became more negative, there was a reduction in seed germination percentage, being it null from -0.8 MPa. The germination speed index was also progressively reduced, leading to the increase of germination mean time. While seeds in 0.0 MPa initiated their germination on the seventh day, the seeds exposed to -0.2 took nine days. In - 0.4 and -0.6 MPa, seeds started to germinate in 12 and 14 days, respectively. In degradation analysis, it was observed that soluble proteins were degraded faster in seeds subjected to more negative potentials, while total soluble sugars were degraded slower in lower hydric potentials. Total soluble sugars represent most part of the studied reserves, and glutelin was the most abundant protein in the species seed. A. polyneuron can be considered sensitive to water deficit. Therefore, we recommend that its production by nurseries are conducted under constant water regime, even when high germination uniformity is desired. / A Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll. Arg. é uma espécie clímax nativa da Mata Atlântica e característica da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, que está na lista de espécies ameaçadas de extinção e que é indicada para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Visando a produção de mudas de espécies florestais nativas em viveiros, que apresentem potencial para recuperação de áreas degradadas, o risco de extinção que a espécie se encontra e às mudanças climáticas que tem alterado as condições ambientais, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento germinativo e a degradação de açúcares solúveis totais e redutores, sacarose e proteínas solúveis nas sementes de A. polyneuron sob estresse hídrico, acompanhando a germinação e a degradação de substâncias durante o período germinativo. As variáveis analisadas para a germinação foram a porcentagem, tempo médio, índice de velocidade, frequência relativa e sincronização, enquanto para a degradação foram determinadas as alterações na quantidade de açúcares solúveis totais, açúcares redutores, sacarose, albuminas, globulinas, prolaminas e glutelinas na semente total. Os testes foram realizados em placas de Petri com três folhas de papel “germitest”, embebidas em soluções de peg 6000 em diferentes potenciais osmóticos (-0,2, -0,4, -0,6, -0,8, -1,0, -1,2 e -1,4 MPa), além de água destilada para o potencial 0,0, sendo preparadas quatro repetições de 15 sementes. Para as análises de degradação, foi utilizado 0,1 g por amostra. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial simples para a germinação, e duplo para a degradação. Na etapa de germinação, verificamos que na medida em que o potencial osmótico se tornou mais negativo, houve redução da porcentagem de germinação das sementes, sendo nula a partir de -0,8 MPa. A velocidade de germinação também foi progressivamente reduzida, levando ao aumento do tempo médio de germinação. Enquanto as sementes em nível 0,0 MPa iniciaram sua germinação no sétimo dia, aquelas expostas à -0,2 MPa levaram nove dias. Já nos potenciais de -0,4 e -0,6 MPa as sementes começaram a germinar em 12 e 14 dias, respectivamente. Na etapa de degradação, observou-se que as proteínas solúveis foram degradadas mais rapidamente em sementes submetidas à potenciais mais negativos, enquanto os açúcares solúveis totais foram degradados mais lentamente conforme o potencial hídrico diminuiu. Além disso, os açúcares solúveis totais representaram a maior parte das reservas estudadas, sendo que as glutelinas foram as proteínas mais abundantes nas sementes da espécie. A. polyneuron pode ser considerada sensível ao déficit hídrico, recomenda-se que sua produção por viveiros seja realizada em regime hídrico constante, mesmo quando se busca uma maior uniformidade na germinação.

A rubelose é uma doença que atinge galhos e ramos, e é causada pelo fungo Erythricium salmonicolor, o qual infecta várias espécies vegetais, tais como citros, seringueira, e macieira. Esta doença vem chamando a atenção dos citricultores devido à redução de até 10% da produção de citros, a qual é preocupante para o Brasil, o maior produtor de laranja do mundo. Entretanto, a diversidade do fungo E. salmonicolor em cultivares brasileiras ainda não foi avaliada. Desta maneira, este trabalho teve como objetivos: i) avaliar a variabilidade genética, por meio de RAPD, de isolados do fungo E. salmonicolor provenientes de diferentes regiões citrícolas de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, ii) avaliar a compatibilidade vegetativa e fusão de hifas deste fungo e iii) selecionar bactérias endofíticas com potencial para o controle deste fungo fitopatogênico. Após a análise por RAPD, foram observados 6 grupos distintos (A, B, C, D, E, F), os quais não apresentaram correlação com o local de origem e espécie hospedeira. No teste de compatibilidade vegetativa houve encontro de hifas em todos os cruzamentos e 84% destes apresentaram fusão entre as hifas. Foi verificada compatibilidade entre linhagens, embora não tenha sido observada correlação com os haplótipos. No teste de antagonismo, 8 isolados bacterianos inibiram E. salmonicolor. Entretanto, foi observada diferença na interação entre as bactérias e diferentes isolados de E. salmonicolor, visto que bactérias diferentes inibiram os dois genótipos do fungo, revelando a variabilidade genética entre estas linhagens que pertencem a diferentes haplótipos. Os resultados observados neste trabalho indicam a importância de futuros estudos sobre a fase sexual de E. salmonicolor, uma vez que a anastomose de hifas precede a formação de heterocário, responsável pelos processos de recombinações sexuais e parassexuais, que geram variabilidade genética em fungos filamentosos. / The fungus Erythricium salmonicolor is the causal agent of pink disease, which infects branches of many host plants, such as citrus, rubber, and apple. This disease may be a serious problem in Brazil, since it can reduce the citrus production up to 10%. Brazil is the major world citrus producer, therefore this problem is alarming. The genetic diversity of E. salmonicolor from Brazilian plants has not been evaluated, so the aims of this study were i) to evaluate the genetic diversity by RAPD of E. salmonicolor isolates from São Paulo and Minas Gerais; ii) to evaluate the vegetative compatibility and hyphal fusion of this fungus; and iii) to select endophytic bacteria able to inhibit the E. salmonicolor growth. RAPD analysis showed at least 6 distinct haplotypes (A, B, C, D, E, F), which did not have correlation with the isolation site and host plant. Also, vegetative compatibility tests showed that 84% of crosses resulted in hyphal fusion, but this compatibility was not related to the RAPD haplotypes. Eight endophytic bacteria were selected against E. salmonicolor, which could be used for biological control of this pathogen. However it was observed different types of interaction among endophytic bacteria and E. salmonicolor strains, since these bacteria inihibited differentially two fungi isolates. It reveals the genetic variability between these fungi isolates that belongs to different haplotypes These results show the importance of future studies concerning the sexual phase of E. salmonicolor, since the genetic variability seems to be high and this hyphal fusion, which precede the formation of heterokaryon (sexual and parassexual reproduction), could be responsible for the variability in this filamentous fungus.