Cette thèse décrit diverses situations liées au transport fluidique aux nano-échelles. Le premier chapitre est une introduction à la nanofluidique qui contient une revue des longueurs caractéristiques, des forces et des phénomènes présents aux nano-échelles. Le deuxième chapitre est une étude de l'impact de la géométrie sur la perméabilité hydrodynamique d'un nanopore. Inspirée par la forme des aquaporines, cette étude suggère une optimisation possible pour des canaux biconiques. Le troisième chapitre est une étude du remplissage capillaire dans des canaux sub-nanométriques en carbone. Cette étude montre l'importance de la pression de disjonction induite par la structure du fluide sur le remplissage. Le quatrième chapitre est une étude d'une diode nanofluidique, un composant connu pour imiter le comportement d'une diode à semi-conducteur. On montre qu'un fort couplage entre l'eau et la dynamique des ions entraîne une rectification du flux d'eau à l'intérieur de la diode. Le cinquième et dernier chapitre est une étude de l'origine du bruit rose (1=f) communément observé lors des mesures de courant ionique dans les nanopores / This thesis discusses various situations linked to transport at the nanoscale. The first chapter is an introduction to nanofluidics, containing a review of characteristic lengths, forces, or phenomena existing at the nanoscale. The second chapter is a study of the impact of geometry on the hydrodynamic permeability of a nanopore. This study, inspired by the shape of aquaporins, suggests a possible optimisation of permeability for bi-conical channels. The third chapter is a study of capillary filing inside subnanometric carbon channels which highlights the importance of the disjoining pressure induced by the fluid structuring inside the nanochannel. The fourth chapter is a study of nanofluidic diode, a component known to mimic the behaviour of semiconductor diode. The study highlights a strong coupling between water and ion dynamics which leads to a water flow rectification inside the diode. The fifth and last chapter is a study of the origin of commonly observed pink noise (1=f) in ionic current measurements through nanopores

There now exists an abundant collection of conjectures and results, of various complexities, regarding the diophantine properties of Shimura varieties. Two central such statements are the Andre-Oort and Zilber-Pink Conjectures, the first of which is known in many cases, while the second is known in very few cases indeed. The motivating result for much of this document is the modular case of the Andre-Oort Conjecture, which is a theorem of Pila. It is most commonly viewed as a statement about the simplest kind of Shimura varieties, namely modular curves. Here, we tend instead to view it as a statement about the properties of the classical modular j-function. It states, given a complex algebraic variety V, that V contains only finitely many maximal special subvarieties, where a special variety is one which arises from the arithmetic behaviour of the j-function in a certain natural way. The central question of this thesis is the following: what happens if in such statements we replace the j-function with some other kind of modular function; one which is less well-behaved in one way or another? Such modular functions are naturally called nonclassical modular functions. This question, as we shall see, can be studied using techniques of o-minimality and point-counting, but some interesting new features arise and must be dealt with. After laying out some of the classical theory, we go on to describe two particular types of nonclassical modular function: almost holomorphic modular functions and quasimodular functions (which arise naturally from the derivatives of the j-function). We go on to prove some results about the diophantine properties of these functions, including several natural Andre-Oort-type theorems, then conclude by discussing some bigger-picture questions (such as the potential for nonclassical variants of, say, Zilber-Pink) and some directions for future research in this area.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2516.pdf: 4745498 bytes, checksum: 28eb8bf5c6d93acad002f01a01adcb91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-02 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / As it happens in some places of rich biodiversity, which offer touristic attractions, we can notice in the Estuarine Lagoon Complex of Cananéia, Iguape e Ilha Comprida SP/Brazil a rise in the number of tourists, especially the ones who practise sport fishing, offering the residents a new consumer market. The live bait is requested by this market and its fishery started to happen frequently among the artisanal fishermen of the region. The main captured species are the juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus shmitti (Burkenroad, 1936) and pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Pérez Farfante, 1967) and Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817). Studies on the socio- economical and environmental aspects are necessary to the management of resources and regulation of the activity, as it is relatively new. To a better understanding of live bait fishing dynamics, nine field trips were made between May 2006 and July 2008, when structured and semi-structured questionnaires among the live bait fishermen and other people who take part in the activity were done. The information on fishing production and its profit were obtained through fishery production forms filled in by a group of fishermen in the year of 2007. The places where the fishing happened were georeferred. The results indicated a total number of 80 live bait fishermen in the estuarine region of Cananéia, distributed in 10 distinct communities. The search for the resource is related to the commercialization, done directly with the amateur fishermen. They buy the live bait in the places they are located or during the fishing practice in the different communities which edge the estuarine complex. In all visited communities there are fishermen who have a consolidated clientele and so they have the live bait throughout the year; and fishermen who trade the live bait as a complement of income, so they fish just when there is abundance and they don t have to search in distant places. The most used tackle by the fishermen is the gerival which was introduced in the 80s. Because of it easy usage and individuality, a lot of fishermen stared to fish live bait in region. The aluminium boats are very much used by the fishermen. In order to apply the fishing strategies, the live bait fishermen know the shrimp movements in the estuarine and the abiotic factors which interfere in the estuarine dynamic (rain falltidal movement-salinity and turbidity). The captured shrimps are kept in hatcheries immersed in the estuarine waters to be sold alive. However, they can only survive for 5 days in the cage and when dead, they cannot be used for any purpose. So, the fishermen s effort on fishing must be linked to the commercialization to avoid wasting of money and time. The nautical centres have a strong influence on live bait communities because they gather a great number of amateur fishermen and buyers. The live bait fishing can be profitable when the opportunity of commercialization is guaranteed and frequent. The data gathered in this essay contributed to the making of the recommendation which involves: an intensive plan of communication, an enlargement on the diagnosis on fishing activity, the continuity of fishing production monitoring, the management of resources by using technologies on keeping captured shrimps, the possibility of having a special license for the breeding of native shrimps. / Semelhante ao que ocorre em determinados locais de rica biodiversidade e que oferecem atrativos turísticos observa-se na região do Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Cananéia, Iguape e Ilha Comprida SP/Brasil o aumento do número de turistas, especialmente aqueles que praticam a pesca amadora, proporcionando um novo mercado consumidor à dinâmica local. A isca viva é uma das demandas requeridas por este mercado e sua pesca passou a ocorrer com freqüência entre os pescadores artesanais desta região. As principais espécies capturadas são os juvenis do camarão branco (ou legítimo) Litopenaeus shmitti (Burkenroad, 1936) e do camarão rosa (ou ferro) Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Pérez-Farfante, 1967) e Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817). Sendo uma prática relativamente recente, estudos sobre os aspectos sociais, econômicos e ambientais são necessários para a elaboração de propostas de manejo dos recursos e ordenamento da atividade. Para a compreensão da dinâmica da pesca de iscas vivas quanto a estes aspectos, foram realizadas nove viagens de campo, entre maio de 2006 e julho de 2008, onde foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas e semi-estruturadas junto aos pescadores de iscas vivas e outros atores importantes da atividade. As informações relativas à produção pesqueira e lucro da atividade foram obtidas por meio de planilhas preenchidas por grupos de pescadores durante o ano de 2007. Os sítios de pesca foram georreferenciados. Os resultados indicaram um universo de 80 pescadores de iscas vivas na região estuarina de Cananéia, distribuídos em 10 comunidades distintas. A procura pelo recurso está relacionada à comercialização, que é feita diretamente com os pescadores amadores. Estes compram iscas tanto nos locais onde estão hospedados, como durante a prática pesqueira, nas diversas comunidades que margeiam o complexo estuarino. Em todas as comunidades visitadas existem pescadores que têm uma clientela consolidada e por isso pescam iscas vivas durante o ano todo, e pescadores que comercializam a isca viva como complementação de renda, pescando apenas nos momentos em que a safra é abundante, não sendo necessário procurar em lugares distantes para encontrar o recurso. O petrecho mais utilizado pelos pescadores é o gerival. Este petrecho foi introduzido na região na década de 80 e por suas características de fácil manuseio e individualidade, muitos pescadores passaram a pescar iscas vivas. A embarcação a motor, do tipo voadeira, também é utilizada na pesca por grande parte dos pescadores. Para aplicar as estratégias de pesca, os pescadores de iscas vivas conhecem o movimento das espécies de camarão no ambiente estuarino e os fatores abióticos que influenciam na dinâmica do estuário (precipitação chuvosa, regime de marés, salinidade e turbidez). Os camarões capturados são armazenados em viveiros imersos nas águas do estuário, para que possam ser vendidos vivos. No entanto, eles têm um tempo de sobrevivência no interior destas estruturas que não ultrapassa cinco dias, e quando morrem não são aproveitados para nenhuma outra finalidade, nem para o consumo alimentar. Assim, o esforço de pesca dos pescadores deve estar atrelado à comercialização, para que não haja prejuízos de tempo e dinheiro investidos na viagem de pesca. As marinas da região têm forte influência sobre a pesca de iscas vivas nas comunidades em que estão localizadas, pois concentram um elevado número de pescadores amadores, compradores do recurso. A pesca de iscas vivas pode ser bastante lucrativa quando a oportunidade de comercialização é garantida e constante. As informações obtidas neste trabalho proporcionaram a elaboração de recomendações que envolvem um intenso plano de comunicação, a ampliação do diagnóstico da atividade pesqueira na região, a continuidade do monitoramento da produção pesqueira, o manejo do recurso por meio da adoção de tecnologias de armazenamento do camarão capturado, e a avaliação da possibilidade de licença especial para o cultivo de camarão nativo.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:40:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Norma_Barbado.pdf: 2070778 bytes, checksum: ed667fd80db82f8ed6cdf85c71dfa73e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-27 / The collection site of seeds and the environment where seedlings develop can be limiting factors for the development of forest plants. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the germination and seedling growth of the pink pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius RADDI), grown from seeds from four locations with different altitudes (São Francisco do Sul - SC, Foz do Iguaçu - PR, Maringá PR and Guarapuava - PR) and developed under different light conditions (50, 60, 70 and 100%). The seeds were collected from three arrays of each selected place and sent to Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista de Itaipu, where a sample was taken for analysis of vigor and germination according to the methodology of the Rules for Seed Analysis. The experimental design used in the germination test was randomized with twelve replicates of 50 seeds per treatment. Analyses related to the development of the seedlings occurred from collections in 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing, assessing growth rates on the plant height, the size of the root, diameter of the collect, the number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaves, fresh and dry weight of stem + petiole, fresh and dry weight of root, fresh weight and total dry mass. The experiment was arranged in triple factorial scheme with four levels for each factor (43). The factors evaluated were: local seed collection, luminosity and time, with nine replications, discarding the two highest and the two lowest values. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and for the meaningful responses to the variables it was used analysis of variance univariate and Tukey test. To identify the best treatment for the production of seedlings of Pink Pepper, the set of response variables (b1) from the treatments applied to principal component analysis (PCA) on the correlation matrix (Pearson) of variables and the criterion for retention of principal components (PCs) used was "broken-stick", also used on the randomizing test. The seeds that showed better percentage of normal seedlings, better germination in the first count (7 DAS), higher index of germination speed, best length of roots and shoots of seedlings at 21 DAS were those from São Francisco do Sul - SC. The seeds that showed the lowest germination rate and a lower percentage of the first count germination (7 DAS), were from Maringá - PR. The best seedlings of the Pink Pepper were obtained from seeds collected in Maringá - PR at 70% brightness, with lower variability. The seedlings that had the lowest rates of development were produced with the seeds of São Francisco do Sul - SC and Foz do Iguaçu - PR at 50% brightness / O local de coleta de sementes e o ambiente onde as mudas se desenvolvem, podem ser fatores limitantes para o desenvolvimento de mudas de plantas florestais. Diante do exposto, a execução deste estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a germinação e o crescimento de plântulas de aroeira vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius RADDI), oriundas de sementes provenientes de quatro locais com diferentes altitudes (São Francisco do Sul - SC, Foz do Iguaçu - PR, Maringá - PR e Guarapuava - PR), desenvolvidas sob diferentes condições de luminosidade (50, 60, 70 e 100%). As sementes foram coletadas de três plantas matrizes de cada local selecionado e encaminhadas ao Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista de Itaipu, onde foi retirada uma amostra para as análises do vigor e germinação das sementes de acordo com a metodologia das Regras para Análise de Sementes. O delineamento experimental usado no teste de germinação foi inteiramente casualizado, com doze repetições de 50 sementes por tratamento. As análises relacionadas ao desenvolvimento das mudas produzidas ocorreram a partir das coletas em 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após a semeadura, avaliando-se as taxas de crescimento relativas à altura da planta, ao tamanho da raiz, ao diâmetro de coleto, ao número de folíolos, a massa fresca e massa seca das folhas, a massa fresca e massa seca do caule + pecíolo, a massa fresca e massa seca da raiz, a massa fresca e massa seca total. O delineamento experimental foi organizado em esquema fatorial triplo, com quatro níveis em cada fator (43). Os fatores avaliados foram: local de coleta das sementes, luminosidade e tempo, com nove repetições, descartando-se os dois maiores e os dois menores valores. Os dados foram avaliados por meio da análise de variância multivariada e para as variáveis respostas significativas, utilizou-se a análise de variância univariada e o teste de Tukey. Visando identificar o melhor tratamento para a produção das mudas de aroeira-vermelha, no conjunto das variáveis respostas (b1) provenientes dos tratamentos aplicou-se a análise de componentes principais (PCA) sobre a matriz de correlação (Pearson) das variáveis e o critério de retenção de componentes principais (PCs) adotado foi o de broken-stick , também foi utilizado o teste de randomização. As sementes que apresentaram melhor porcentagem de plântulas normais, melhor porcentagem de germinação na primeira contagem (7 DAS), maior índice de velocidade de germinação, melhor comprimento de raiz e parte aérea das plântulas aos 21 DAS, foram as oriundas de São Francisco do Sul - SC. As sementes que apresentaram menor índice de velocidade de germinação e menor porcentagem de germinação na primeira contagem (7 DAS), foram as provenientes de Maringá - PR. As melhores mudas de aroeira vermelha foram obtidas a partir de sementes coletadas em Maringá - PR a 70% de luminosidade, apresentando menor variabilidade. As mudas de aroeira vermelha que apresentaram as menores taxas de desenvolvimento foram as produzidas com sementes de São Francisco do Sul - SC e Foz do Iguaçu - PR a 50% de luminosidade

Complexity science has come into the limelight in recent years as the scientific community begins to grapple with higher-order natural phenomena that cannot be fully explained via the behaviour of components at lower levels of organization. Network modeling and analysis, being a powerful tool that can capture the interconnections that embody complex behaviour, has therefore been at the forefront of complexity science. In ecology, the network paradigm is relatively young and there remain limitations in many ecological network studies, such as modeling only one type of species interaction at a time, lack of realistic network structure, or non-inclusion of community dynamics and environmental stochasticity. I introduce bioenergetic network models that bring together for the first time many of the fundamental structures and mechanisms of species interactions present in real ecological communities. I then use these models to address some outstanding questions that are relevant to understanding ecological networks at the systems level rather than at the level of subsets of interactions. Firstly, I find that realistic red-shifted environmental noise, and synchrony of species responses to noise, are associated with increased variability in ecosystem properties, with implications for predictive ecological modeling which usually assumes white noise. Next, I look at simultaneous species extinction and invasion, finding that as their individual impacts increase, their combined impact becomes decreasingly additive. In addition, the greater the impact of extinction or invasion, the lesser their reversibility via reintroduction or eradication of the species in question. For modifications of pairwise species interactions by third-party species, a phenomenon that has so far been studied one interaction at a time, I find that the many interaction modifications that occur concurrently in a community can collectively have systematic effects on total biomass and species evenness. Finally, examining a higher level of organization in the form of compartmentalized networks, I find that the relationship between intercompartment connectivity and the impacts of species decline depends considerably on network topology and whether the consumer-resource functional response is prey- or ratio-dependent. Overall, the results vary considerably across model communities with different parameterizations, underscoring the contingency and context dependence of nature that scientists and policy makers alike should no longer ignore. This work hopes to contribute to a growing multidisciplinary understanding, appreciation and management of complex systems that is fundamentally transforming the modern world and giving us insights on how to live more harmoniously within our environment.

A qualidade, aceitabilidade e a vida útil da carne de frango e principalmente seus produtos industrializados, dependem de vários fatores, sendo a oxidação lipídica um dos principais problemas de estabilidade do produto. O crescimento da tendência de consumo de compostos naturais por parte da população mundial e a demanda das indústrias de alimentos para controle da oxidação lipídica, surge como alternativa muito promissora a utilização de antioxidantes naturais. O Brasil, com uma grande produção de produtos vegetais e a economia fortemente baseada na agroindústria gera grandes quantidades de resíduos vegetais, sendo os resíduos de película de amendoim e pimenta-rosa potenciais fontes de antioxidantes. Estes resultados confirmados conforme ensaios preliminares in vitro, uma vez que são ricos em compostos bioativos, como compostos fenólicos. Além disto, a quitosana apresenta-se como uma boa matriz para incorporação de extratos contendo compostos bioativos, além de ter capacidade de formar filmes. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver filmes de quitosana com incorporação de antioxidantes naturais a partir dos extratos de resíduos de película de amendoim e pimenta rosa, e avaliar seu efeito sobre a oxidação lipídica em produto reestruturado de frango. O estudo foi dividido em três etapas: a primeira foi utilização da metodologia de superfície de resposta para determinação de uma concentração ótima de extrato de resíduo agroindustrial que incorporado ao filme de quitosana promova inibição da oxidação lipídica (valor de sustâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico, TBARS). Na segunda etapa, foi avaliada a incorporação da concentração ótima dos extratos diretamente na carne e nos filmes ativos de quitosana, sobre as características físico-químicas (pH, cor instrumental, índice de peróxidos, e valor de TBARS) e microbiológicas dos tratamentos. Na terceira etapa foram avaliadas as características sensoriais e de aceitabilidade dos tratamentos que apresentaram menor oxidação lipídica. Os resultados revelaram que, na primeira etapa foram otimizadas as concentrações dos extratos de resíduos nos filmes ativos de quitosana. Os teores otimizados foram 80 mg de compostos fenólicos totais (CFT) / kg de carne para os resíduos de película de amendoim e de 90 mg CFT / kg de carne para pimenta rosa. Na segunda etapa, ao final do tempo de armazenamento, pode-se observar que não houve diferença significativa (p > 0,05) para os parâmetros de cor, pH e contagem de mesófilos totais. Para oxidação lipídica, todos os tratamentos apresentaram diferença significativa (p < 0,05), quando comparados com o controle. Para contagem de micro-organismos psicrotróficos totais houve diferença significativa para os tratamentos com filme ativo + extratos, quando comparados com os demais tratamentos. Na terceira etapa, os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa na aceitabilidade entre os tratamentos. Adicionalmente também foi realizada uma caracterização sensorial com consumidores usando a metodologia Check-all-that-apply (CATA). Assim pode-se concluir que foram desenvolvidos filmes ativos de quitosana com adição de extratos de resíduos agroindustriais, com exelente potencial na atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana em produtos carneos, sem influenciar na aceitabilidade sensorial. / Quality, accessibility, shelf life of chicken meat and mainly of its processed products depends on several factors, wherein lipid oxidation is a major stability product problem. The growth of the consumption trend of natural compounds by the world\'s population, and the demand from the food industry to control lipid oxidation appear as a very promising alternative to the use of natural antioxidants. Brazil, with a large production plant products and a strong economy based on agro-industry generates large amounts of crop residues where peanut shells and pink pepper residues are potential sources of antioxidants. According to preliminary in-vitro tests of these residues, these are rich in bioactive substances such as phenolic compounds. Moreover, chitosan presents itself as a good matrix for incorporation of extracts containing bioactive compounds, in addition to having the ability to form films. The aim of this study was to develop chitosan films incorporating natural antioxidants from peanut shells and pink pepper residues extracts, as well as to evaluate their effect on the lipid oxidation of a chicken restructured product. The study was divided into three stages: first was the use of response surface methodology to determine an optimal concentration of agro-industrial waste extract, which was incorporated into the chitosan film to promote inhibition of lipid oxidation (as an amount of reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid, TBARS). The second stage evaluated the incorporation of this optimal concentration of extracts applied directly in both the meat and the chitosan active films, in relation to the physicalchemical (pH parameters, instrumental color, peroxide value, and TBARS value) and microbiological characteristics of the treatments. The third stage evaluated the sensory characteristics and acceptability of treatments that had a lower lipid oxidation. The results revealed that the first stage optimized the concentrations of extracts from residues into the active chitosan films. The optimized concentration was 80 mg of total phenolic content (TPC) / kg of meat for peanut shells residue extract, and 90 TPC mg / kg of meat for the pink pepper extract. On the second stage, at the end of the storage time, it can be seen that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in parameters like color, pH and total mesophylls counts. For the lipid oxidation parameters, all treatments showed significant differences (p < 0.05) when compared with the control treatment. The microbial count of total psychrotrophic microorganisms showed significant differences for treatments with active films + residues extracts when compared with the other treatments. In the third stage, the results showed no significant difference in acceptability between treatments. Additionally, a sensory characterization with consumers using the Check-all-thatapply (CATA) methodology was also performed. Thus, it was concluded that the development of active chitosan films incorporated with extracts of agro-industrial waste was possible, which possess an antioxidant and antimicrobial potential activity without altering the sensory acceptability of the final product.

No description available.

Digital Signal Processing has been dominated by the Fourier transform since the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was developed in 1965 by Cooley and Tukey. In the 1980's a new transform was developed called the wavelet transform, even though the first wavelet goes back to 1910. With the Fourier transform, all information about localized changes in signal features are spread out across the entire signal space, making local features global in scope. Wavelets are able to retain localized information about the signal by applying a function of a limited duration, also called a wavelet, to the signal. As with the Fourier transform, the discrete wavelet transform has an inverse transform, which allows us to make changes in a signal in the wavelet domain and then transform it back in the time domain. In this thesis, we have investigated the filtering properties of this technique and analyzed its performance under various settings. Another popular application of wavelet transform is data compression, such as described in the JPEG 2000 standard and compressed digital storage of fingerprints developed by the FBI. Previous work on filtering has focused on the discrete wavelet transform. Here, we extended that method to the stationary wavelet transform and found that it gives a performance boost of as much as 9 dB over that of the discrete wavelet transform. We also found that the SNR of noise filtering decreases as a frequency of the base signal increases up to the Nyquist limit for both the discrete and stationary wavelet transforms. Besides filtering the signal, the discrete wavelet transform can also be used to estimate the standard deviation of the white noise present in the signal. We extended the developed estimator for the discrete wavelet transform to the stationary wavelet transform. As with filtering, it is found that the quality of the estimate decreases as the frequency of the base signal increases. Many interesting signals are self-similar, which means that one of their properties is invariant on many different scales. One popular example is strict self-similarity, where an exact copy of a signal is replicated on many scales, but the most common property is statistical self-similarity, where a random segment of a signal is replicated on many different scales. In this work, we investigated wavelet-based methods to detect statistical self-similarities in a signal and their performance on various types of self-similar signals. Specifically, we found that the quality of the estimate depends on the type of the units of the signal being investigated for low Hurst exponent and on the type of edge padding being used for high Hurst exponent. / Master of Science

In response to the increasing need for ecosystem services throughout the Southeast Alaska region, decision makers are tasked with balancing the need for natural resources with salmon conservation. However, accurate historical and current information on salmonid population abundance, freshwater distribution, and habitat quality are sparse with limited resolution for large portions of this remote and rugged landscape. Here, I created Intrinsic Potential (IP) models for chum and pink salmon to predict the potential for portions of coastal rivers to provide high-quality spawning habitat. I developed IP models for both species from field redd surveys and synthetic habitat variables derived from 1-m resolution digital elevation models. The surveys were performed at 49 study reaches in five coastal drainage basins on the north end of Chichagof Island, Southeast Alaska. I used a spatially balanced random sampling design that included field surveys for redds during two field seasons with contrasting precipitation patterns and disparate adult salmon escapements. The IP models predict probable spawning habitat for both species based on persistent landform characteristics and hydrologic processes that control the formation and distribution of spawning habitat across the landscape. Selection of persistent reach variables for both species IP models was informed by principal component analysis (PCA), resource selection ratios, random forest modeling, and regression models of field and synthetic variable comparisons. I observed primarily one spawning strategy by chum salmon associated with mainstem channels, and two distinct spawning strategies for pink salmon related to small moderate-gradient channels and tributaries, and lower drainage basin mainstem channels. The relationships suggest that chum and pink salmon primarily selected for unconstrained channel types in large-and small-size channels, with chum salmon being more selective toward the larger mainstem channels, and pink salmon selecting for smaller channels and tributaries. The prediction of chum salmon redd presence within a specific reach for both high and low streamflow regimes was explained by channel gradient, floodplain width, and mean annual flow in order of importance. In general, chum salmon redds were observed in larger unconstrained low-gradient floodplain reaches where accumulation of deposited gravels and adequate flow produce habitat heterogeneity suitable for spawning. Pink salmon redd presence for both survey years was explained by channel gradient, reach elevation, and mean annual flow, in order of importance. Specifically, when flows allowed upstream access, spawning pink salmon utilized smaller moderate-gradient channels where substrate size and flows were better suited to their smaller body size. Remotely sensed persistent fish habitat data is valuable information for helping understand fish population distributions across the landscape. These synthetic metrics enabled the identification and evaluation of persistent landscape features as probable predictors of IP. Validation of LiDAR-derived channel characteristics indicated channel lengths measured from the DEM were 12% longer than field measured channel length, primarily for channels wider than 10 meters. Thus, understanding the limitations of the data is important so that decision makers do not unintentionally set unrealistic objectives. This research highlights the utility of using IP models with high resolution remote sensing to expand known distributions and quality of spawning habitat for these two species in Southeast Alaska coastal streams.

[pt] Esta tese relaciona os debates sobre modernidade, cultura e revolução na perspectiva das representações do corpo violado e sexualizado, e explora as repercussões de tais debates na chamada temporada política do Japão pós II Guerra Mundial. Especificamente, a análise se detém na problematização das esquerdas revolucionárias pelo cinema de Oshima Nagisa (1932-2013), reconhecido como mentor do Nuberu Bagu (a nouvelle vague japonesa), e de Wakamatsu Koji (1936-2012) e Adachi Masao (1939-), da vertente erótica/pornográfica Pinku eiga. Cineastas cuja produção foi orientada pela fusão de política, sexo e violência, e marcada pelo ativismo dos movimentos pró-democracia a partir dos anos 1950 — suplantado no início dos 1970, quando o país se converteu em uma potência econômica mundial. O debate sobre a aporia da modernidade japonesa, fundado na persistência de vestígios agonizantes pré-capitalistas em uma sociedade capitalista, produziu diversas narrativas antagônicas no decorrer do século XX. Dentre elas, a que refutava a subordinação cultural ao Ocidente deu respaldo ao imperialismo ultranacionalista na guerra que dilapidou o país. Em decorrência do processo de democratização e desmilitarização durante a ocupação do Japão pelos EUA (1945-1952), e dos conflitos que vieram com sua consecutiva reversão, as discussões sobre a modernidade se multiplicaram no conturbado pós-guerra. A abolição dos poderes políticos do imperador Hirohito, que foi levado a abdicar publicamente de sua condição divina e a assumir-se como simples mortal, foi a mais impactante das mudanças realizadas no período. Ao declarar a derrota do país e a sua carnalidade, o imperador implodia a força do Kokutai, o corpo-nação, que organizava todo o sistema simbólico nipônico. Nos primeiros anos da ocupação, escritores como Sakaguchi Ango (1906-1955) e Tamura Taijuro (1911-1983), referências da literatura carnal na cultura subterrânea kasutori, exaltavam o corpo carnal (nikutai) como contraposição ao corpo-nação (Kokutai). De fato, a literatura carnal foi uma das diversas expressões do pós-guerra que, em dissonantes abordagens, reverenciaram o nikutai e o shutaisei. Nela, a decadência e a imoralidade eram defendidas como base para uma apreensão mais realista da precariedade humana, para a construção de uma nova ética, subjetiva e autônoma (shutaisei), e como condição para o acesso ao moderno. O filósofo político Maruyama Masao (1914-1996), um dos mais conhecidos modernistas defensores da ética do shutaisei, posicionava a literatura carnal, no entanto, na contramão de um Japão democrático e culto (ou moderno), já que as representações sensuais e violentas expressavam justamente a natureza que deveria ser superada. Isto é, as abordagens da sexualidade, da crueldade e da perversão, embora reivindicassem o moderno (ou a recusa da autoridade do Kokutai), remetiam à sensibilidade nativa pré-moderna. O que sugere que a aporia da modernidade na desintegração do pós-derrota era expressa na ambiguidade da apreensão política do shutaisei. Noção que seria central na formação do sujeito político vinculado aos movimentos pró-democracia e na expressão das vanguardas artísticas dos anos 1950 ao início dos 1970. / [en] This thesis relates the debates about modernity, culture and revolution in the perspective of the depictions of the violated and sexualized body, and explores the repercussions of such debates in what became known as the political season of Japan after World War II. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the problematization of the revolutionary left factions by the films of Oshima Nagisa (1932-2013), recognized as mentor of the Nuberu Bagu (Japanese New Wave), of Wakamatsu Koji (1936-2012) and of Adachi Masao (1939-), from the Pinku eiga (Pink Film) genre, which dealt with the erotic and the pornographic. Filmmakers whose production was driven by the fusion of politics, sex and violence, and marked by the activism of pro-democracy movements beginning in the 1950s — supplanted in the early 1970s, when the country became a world economic power. The debate about the aporia of Japanese modernity, based on the persistence of agonizing pre-capitalist vestiges in a capitalist society, produced several antagonistic narratives throughout the twentieth century. Among them, that which refuted the cultural subordination to the West gave support to the ultranationalist imperialism in the war that squandered the country. As a result of the process of democratization and demilitarization during the US occupation of Japan (1945-1952), and the conflicts that came with its subsequent reversal, discussions of modernity multiplied in the troubled post-war period. The abolition of the political powers of the emperor Hirohito, who was led to publicly abdicate his divine condition and declare himself a mere mortal, was the most shocking of the changes made in the period. In declaring the defeat of the country and his carnality, the emperor imploded the power of the Kokutai, the nation-body, which organized the entire Japanese symbolic system. In the early years of the occupation, writers such as Sakaguchi Ango (1906-1955) and Tamura Taijuro (1911-1983), exponents of carnal literature in the kasutori underground culture, exalted the carnal body (nikutai) as a counterpoint to the nation-body (Kokutai). In fact, carnal literature was one of several postwar expressions, which, in dissonant approaches, revered nikutai, and the concept of shutaisei. In it, decadence and immorality were defended as the basis for a more realistic apprehension of human precariousness, for the construction of a new ethics, subjective and autonomous (shutaisei), and as a condition for access to the modern. The political philosopher Maruyama Masao (1914-1996), one of the best-known modernists who defended the ethics of shutaisei, posited carnal literature, however, against a democratic and cultured (or modern) Japan, since the sensual representations and violent ones expressed precisely the nature that should be overcome. That is, the approaches to sexuality, cruelty and perversion, while claiming the modern (or the refusal of the Kokutai s authority), referred back to the pre-modern native sensibility. This suggests that the aporia of modernity in the disintegration of post-defeat was expressed in the ambiguity of the political apprehension of the shutaisei. This notion would be central to the formation of the political subject linked to the pro-democracy movements and the avant-garde art expressions from the 1950s to the early 1970s.