Rheological and thermodynamic properties of Pluronic F127 copolymer and Pluronic-g-PAA have been studied as a function of temperature and concentration. A combination of rheometry and DSC was employed to examine the gelation behavior of F127 and F127-g-PAA. The viscosity of F127 is extremely sensitive to temperature when the polymer concentration exceeds 10 wt%. But significant increase of viscosity has been observed for 1.0 wt%F127-PAA aqueous solution as a function of temperature. This could be due to the PAA grafts, acting as cross-links attached to the F127 backbone. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Novel self-assembling copolymers of 4-Methacryloyloxyazobenzene and NN-dimethylacrylamide (MOAB-DMA) exhibiting a pronounced photoviscosity effects in water are described. An optimum polymer architecture corresponding to maximum contents of the azobenzene moieties that allowed for the aqueous solubility of the MOAB-DMA copolymer at ambient temperature was observed at a molar fraction of the MOAB moieties in the copolymer of 0.2. When blended with Pluronic F127 copolymers, the MOAB-DMA solutions become both irradiation- and temperature-sensitive and capable of sol-gel transitions depending on the MOAB-DMA content. Effect of the MOAB-DMA copolymer addition to concentrated Pluronic F127 solutions was studied by controlled stress rheology. The presence of the amphiphilic MOAB-DMA copolymers in the micellar Pluronic solutions enabled irradiation-dependent shifts in gelation temperature, while the viscoelastic gel modulus was not significantly affected by the MOAB-DMA copolymers, indicating that cubic lattice of the Pluronic responsible for the gel formation was not compromised. The UV- and T-dependent gelling media might prove to become viable electrophoretic separation matrices. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Submitted by Pós graduação Farmácia (ppgfar@ufba.br) on 2017-05-25T21:01:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 luis alberto.pdf: 2125407 bytes, checksum: bcc251b3e09686e32b026f2583ac2cbb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barroso (pbarroso@ufba.br) on 2017-05-29T17:24:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 luis alberto.pdf: 2125407 bytes, checksum: bcc251b3e09686e32b026f2583ac2cbb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T17:24:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luis alberto.pdf: 2125407 bytes, checksum: bcc251b3e09686e32b026f2583ac2cbb (MD5) / CAPES / Polímeros como Poloxameros ou Pluronics® são surfactantes não iônicos que, em solução aquosa, apresentam a propriedade de se auto-organizarem em micelas. Essas soluções micelares quando submetidas a aquecimento ou ao um aumento na concentração do surfactante, forma-se um gel in situ, o que tem levado a sua utilização como um veículo farmacêutico. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento e caracterização físico-química de formulações a base de Pluronic F127 (PF-127), incorporados com complexos metálicos do tipo ZnPC e [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+. As formulações foram preparadas pelo método a frio e pelo método a quente, e depois caracterizadas por espectroscopia na região do UV/Visível, infravermelho; espectrofluorimetria, difração de raios-X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, potencial zeta, tamanho de partícula; além de ser também avaliado a liberação de espécies reativas de oxigênio como o oxigênio singlete (1O2), e espécies reativas de óxido nítrico como o radical óxido nítrico (NO) sob estímulo luminoso. Os resultados encontrados por espectroscopia na região do UV/Visível e espectrofluorimetria demonstraram que os complexos ZnPC e [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+, em meio heterogêneo, comportaram-se de modo semelhante a quando em meio homogêneo, pois não houve alteração no seu perfil espectral. As analises por difração de raios-X demonstraram que não houve mudança na cristalinidade das formulações e quando comparados ao controle, indicando, juntamente com os dados de infravermelho, que não há algum tipo de reação química entre os complexos e o PF-127. As formulações contendo ZnPC e ZnPC + [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+ mostraram-se estáveis durante 28 dias. Morfologicamente, as formulações apresentaram-se com um aspecto homogêneo, poroso e lamelar. As formulações apresentaram um potencial zeta negativo, sendo que os géis contendo o complexo [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+ tiveram um valor menos negativo, possivelmente devido a carga deste complexo, e os géis contendo a ZnPC um valor mais negativo. Foi evidenciado que houve a saída controlada de NO e 1O2, após irradiação luminosa na região do visível. Logo, as formulações desenvolvidas neste trabalho PF-127demonstram ser sistemas de liberação adequados para a incorporação de complexos metálicos de diferentes polaridades, ZnPC e [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+. / Polymers such as poloxamers or Pluronics® are nonionic surfactants, in aqueous solution, have the property of self-organize into micelles. These micellar solutions when subjected to heating or to increase the concentration of surfactant forms a gel in situ, which has led to its use as a pharmaceutical. The objective of this work is the development and physical-chemical based formulations of Pluronic F127 (PF-127), incorporated with metal complex-type ZnPC and [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+. The formulations were prepared by cold and hot methods, and then characterized by spectroscopy in the UV/Visible, infrared, spectrofluorimetric, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential, particle size, in addition to be also evaluated the release of reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen (1O2), and reactive species such as nitric oxide radical nitric oxide (NO) under light stimulation. The results found by spectroscopy in the UV/Visible and spectrofluorometric showed that ZnPC complexes and [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3 + in heterogeneous medium, behaved similarly to when in homogeneous, because there was no change in its spectral profile. The analysis by X-ray diffraction showed no change in crystallinity of the formulations and compared to control, indicating, together with the infrared data, that there are not chemical reaction between the complex and the PF-127. Formulations containing ZnPC and ZnPC + [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+ are stable for 28 days. Morphologically, the formulations presented with a homogeneous aspect, porous and lamellar. The formulations showed negative zeta potential, and the gels containing the complex [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+ had a less negative value, possibly due to charge of the complex and gels containing a value ZnPC more negative. It was shown that there was a controlled output NO and 1O2 under light irradiation in the visible region. Thus, the formulations developed in this work showed been release systems suitable for the incorporation of metal complexes of different polarities, ZnPC and [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In this work, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and nanoclusters (AuNCLs) were prepared by the reduction in diluted solution method, using the amphiphilic copolymer Pluronic F127(PF127) and thiolated Pluronic F127 (PF127-thiol), respectively. The copolymer was functionalized by sterification reaction using thioglycolic acid (TGA). The investigated parameters of synthesis were concentration of the PF127 solution, temperature, as well as, the UV irradiation. The nanosystems were characterized by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, the system potentialities were investigated by a catalized reaction and incorporation of a model molecule (baicalein). Morphologies, sizes, polydispersity, amount of reduced ion as welll as kinetics parameters were depedent on the parameters of synthesis. The yeld of the functionalization reaction was 90%, calculated by 1H NMR. Using the PF127-thiol, the surface plasmonic ressonance band (SPR) was undetected and a strong absorption in the UV region observed, which indicated that nanoparticles smaller than 3 nm were obtained (AuNCLs). Catalitic property of the AuNPs were investigated by reduction of p-nitrophenol, in which the AuNPs synthesised by PF127 were more efficent than the systems obtained by citrate reduction. The encapsulation efficiency of the baicalein were around 90%. In conclusion, the synthesis of AuNPs by PF127 is not only adequate to modulate sizes and morphology but also to provide environmental advantage in comparison to some tradicional methods. In addition, these are promissing systems to biologic applications because of the biocompatibility of PF127. / Neste trabalho, nanopartículas e nanoclusters de ouro (AuNPs e AuNCLs, respectivamente) foram obtidos pelo método de redução em solução diluída, empregando o polímero anfifílico Pluronic F 127 não funcionalizado (PF127) e funcionalizado (PF 127-Tiol) como agente redutor/estabilizador, respectivamente. A funcionalização do polímero foi realizada por reação de esterificação com ácido tioglicólico (TGA), inserindo-se grupos tióis terminais. A concentração de PF127 e temperatura de obtenção foram parâmetros variados nos processos, além da incidência ou não de radiação UV. A caracterização dos nanosistemas foi realizada por espectroscopia de absorção no UV-Vis e por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). Os sistemas foram testados quanto à atividade catalítica, na redução do p-nitrofenol em borohidreto de sódio e na incorporação de uma molécula modelo, a baicaleína. As diferentes condições de síntese influíram sobre a morfologia, tamanho, quantidade, polidispersão e cinética de formação das nanopartículas. O rendimento da reação de funcionalização, estimado por 1H RMN, foi de 90%. O produto obtido (PF127-Tiol) foi empregado na redução do Au3+ e, nanopartículas menores que 3 nm foram obtidas, nesse caso, AuNCLs, evidenciados pelo desaparecimento da banda SPR e surgimento de uma forte absorção no UV, além da observação por MET. Os sistemas a partir do PF127 foram investigados quanto a aplicação em catálise, na qual as AuNPs preparados utilizando Pluronic foi mais eficiente do que as obtidas por redução por citrato. Na investigação da incorporação de uma molécula modelo, as eficiências de encapsulamento foram superiores a 90%. Dessa forma, esses sistemas mostraram-se promissores para uma diversa gama de aplicações de nanopartículas ou clusters de ouro, tais como na catálise de reações químicas e encapsulamamento de bioativos. A síntese por PF127 mostrou-se uma rota ambientalmente amigável e capaz de modulação nos tamanhos e formas das AuNPs,.Os sistemas ainda são promissores para uso em sistemas biológicos, tendo em vista a biocompatibilidade do PF127.

Open wounds account for about 50% of military injuries and 10% of non‐fatal traffic injuries. Scar tissue formation in these wounds may be reduced or prevented if treated with a combination of molecules whose release is tuned to the healing phases. The goal of this research was to develop flexible, layered drug delivery films for sequential, localized release of anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, and anti‐fibrotic molecules to soft tissue. Films were composed of cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and Pluronic F‐127 (Pluronic). To impart flexibility, plasticizers, triethyl citrate (TEC) or tributyl citrate (TBC), were added. Mechanical analysis was performed on films as prepared and following phosphate‐buffered saline incubation to determine property changes after implantation. Tensile tests revealed higher plasticizer content increased film elongation but decreased elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength. TEC films elongated twice as much as those with TBC. After incubation, properties increased because plasticizer leached from films. Micro computerized tomography and scanning electron microscopy determined how erosion and plasticizer leaching affected the film’s structures before and after incubation. Porosity increased as plasticizer content increased; however, plasticizer content did not significantly affect erosion rates. Next, effects of drugs with plasticizers on film erosion, release, and mechanical properties were investigated. Films were loaded with quercetin, an anti‐oxidant, or pirfenidone, an anti‐fibrotic, and plasticized with TEC or TBC. TEC‐plasticized films containing quercetin released drug at a slower rate than TBC films. Pirfenidone‐loaded films released drug at a faster rate than erosion occurred for both plasticizers. Increased pirfenidone loading resulted in significantly higher modulus and decreased elongation, an anti‐plasticizer effect. Increasing quercetin loading significantly increased elongation. Size, solubility, and structure differences between quercetin and pirfenidone affected drug interaction with the films and the consequent mechanical and release properties. Cell studies found TBC to be toxic even in low concentrations. Consequently, only TEC was further analyzed. Layered devices containing two drugs demonstrated sequential release regardless of drug order. Plasticizer concentration did not significantly affect the release profiles. Lastly, in vitro and in vivo 9‐layered device studies sequentially released drugs confirming the research objective: sequential, local release of anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, and anti‐fibrotic molecules from CAPPluronic films.

No description available.

No description available.

Selon les dernières estimations de l'OMS, on enregistre chaque année dans le monde 498.9 millions de nouveaux cas d'infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) dont 276.4 millions sont dus au parasite Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis). Au niveau du tractus génital, la colonisation et l’irritation de la muqueuse vaginale par T. vaginalis favorisent la survenue de complications infectieuses. Ces infections associées peuvent conduire à des infections chroniques et avoir à terme des conséquences graves (stérilité, rupture prématuré du placenta, mort prématurée du nourrisson). De plus, ces infections vaginales représentent des facteurs qui favorisent les infections par le Virus d’Immunodéficience Humaine (VIH-1).A l’heure actuelle, la lutte contre ce type d’infections consiste à agir tant au niveau curatif, que préventif. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce projet est de développer de nouvelles formulations pour la prévention et le traitement des pathogènes qui colonisent les muqueuses vaginales. Dans ce contexte, la formulation que nous proposons est composée de metronidazole inclut dans un hydrogel thermogélifiant à base de pluronic® F127 et de chitosane. Il a été montré que cet hydrogel conserve ces propriétés physiques à une température physiologique même après dilution dans les fluides vaginaux. Ces hydrogels sont stables et permettent une libération prolongée du metronidazole. La formulation n’a montré aucune toxicité envers les cellules HeLa ni envers la muqueuse vaginale porcine. L’efficacité de cette formulation a été prouvée envers T. vaginalis et présente un effet protecteur envers les cellules HeLa en présence de T. vaginalis. L’ensemble des résultats suggère donc la capacité́ de cette formulation à constituer une double barrière, physique et pharmacologique, protectrice de la muqueuse vaginale vis-à-vis de T. vaginalis. / According to the latest WHO estimates, 498 millions of new cases of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are recorded annually in the world, including 276.4 million due to the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis). In the genital tract colonization and irritation of the vaginal mucosa by T. vaginalis promote the occurrence of infectious complications. Associated infections can lead to chronic infections and eventually have serious consequences (infertility, premature placental abruption, premature death). In addition, these vaginal infections can promote infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1).Currently, the fight against these infections is to act at curative and preventive level. Thus, the objective of this project is to develop new formulations for the prevention and treatment of pathogens that colonize the vaginal mucosa. In this context, we propose a formulation composed of metronidazole and chitosan include in a thermogelling hydrogel of pluronic F127®.It was shown that the hydrogel retains its physical properties even at a physiological temperature and after dilution in the vaginal fluids. These hydrogels are stable and allow a sustained release of the metronidazole. The formulation showed no toxicity against HeLa cells or porcine vaginal mucosa. The effectiveness of this formulation has been proven against T vaginalis and has a protective effect on HeLa cells in the presence of T. vaginalis. The overall results therefore suggest the ability of this formulation to form a double barrier, physical and pharmacological, than protect vaginal mucosa against T. vaginalis.

The twin screw extrusion technique has been explored to produce lyotropic liquid crystal coated powder precursor by exploiting Pluronic F127 thermoreversible gelation property to get powder precursor without granular aggregates or with less compacted granular aggregates. The highly soluble chlorpheniramine maleate loaded in Pluronic F127 solution coated MCC particles prepared through twin screw extrusion was examined to produce the cubic phase (gel) for the development of controlled release formulation and for coating of very fine particles which cannot be achieved by traditional bead coaters. Controlled release formulations are beneficial in reducing the frequency of administration of highly soluble drugs having short half life and also to address the problem of polypharmacy in old age patients by reduction of dosage frequency. An unusual refrigerated temperature (5 C) profile for twin screw extrusion was selected based on the complex viscoelastic flow behaviour of Pluronic F127 solution which was found to be highly temperature sensitive. The Pluronic F127 solution was found to be Newtonian in flow and less viscoelastic at low temperature, such that low temperature (5 C) conditions were found to be suitable for mixing and coating the MCC particles to avoid compacted aggregates. At higher temperatures (35-40 C) Pluronic F127 solution exhibited shear thinning and prominent viscoelasticity, properties which were exploited to force CPM containing Pluronic F127 solution to stick over the MCC surface. This was achieved by elevating the temperature of the last zone of the extrusion barrel. It was found that to avoid compacted aggregates the MCC must be five times the weight of the Pluronic F127 solution and processed at a screw speed of 400 RPM or above at refrigerated temperature. Processing was not found to be smooth at ambient temperature with frictional heat and high torque generation due to significant compaction of coated particles which can be attributed to the elastic behaviour of Pluronic F127 solution at temperatures between ambient to typical body temperature. PLM images confirmed the cubic phase formation (gel) by Pluronic F127 coating which was found to be thick with maximum Pluronic F127 concentration (25%). SEM images showed smoothing of surface topography, and stretching and elongation of MCC fibres after extrusion which is indicative of coating through extrusion processing. Plastic deformation was observed for the lower Pluronic F127 concentration and higher MCC proportions. There was a significant decrease in work done for cohesion by the powder flow analyser observed in the batches with more aggregates compared with batches with least aggregates. A regression analysis study on factorial design batches was conducted to investigate the significant independent variables and their impact on dependent variables for example % torque, geometric mean diameter and work done for cohesion, and to quantitatively evaluate them. From the regression analysis data it was found that the coefficient of determination for all three dependent variables was in the range of 55-62%. The pharmaceutical performance of the prepared coated LLC precursor through twin screw extrusion in terms of controlled release was found to be very disappointing. Almost 100% chlorpheniramine maleate was released within 10-15mins, defined as providing burst release. The MDSC method was developed within this work to detect Pluronic F127 solution cubic phase formation. The MDSC method was developed to consider sample size, effect of heating and cooling, sample heat capacity, and the parameters for highest sensitivity which can be followed by sample accurately without the phase lag to produce accurate repeatable results.