This study investigated the development and implementation of methods and procedures as generic administrative function, with specific reference to issuing drivers licences in the Driving Licence Testing Centre of the Madibeng Municipality. The contribution of the study to the discipline, Public Administration, is found in the basic framework for the development of standard operating procedures. Furthermore, a set of standard operating procedures to issue drivers licences was developed. In essence, the systems theory inspired the design of the basic framework for the development of standard operating procedures, while the phases of the ADDIE instructional design model simplified the drafting of the standardised procedures to issue drivers licences. Although the empirical data collection commenced with a quantitative research methodology, a qualitative dimension was required to fully understand the problem why the Driving Licence Testing Centre at the Madibeng Municipality lacks contemporary and relevant standard operating procedures to issue drivers licences. A mixed methods research design was eventually adopted to explore the phenomenon because a second research method was needed to strengthen the primary research method. Data was initially collected through a questionnaire, and follow-up personal interviews were conducted to clarify issues that were not responded to or unclear from the self-administered questionnaires. This conforms to pragmatism - the research philosophy adopted for this study because predetermined research questions dictated the path towards realising the research objectives. Since this study utilised a mixture of qualitative and quantitative research designs, the research methodology was shaped by various strategies, techniques and data collection instruments, such as literature reviews, document analyses to draft the standardised procedures, case study (Driving Licence Testing Centre of the Madibeng Municipality), a structured questionnaire and semi-structured personal interviews. In this study, the administrative generic function of determining and revision of methods and procedures was referred to as ‘methods and procedures’. Within the context of Public Administration, the study revealed that methods and procedures specify the sequence, processes and techniques necessary to execute certain actions and operations during service delivery. Moreover, it states how tasks must be exercised within the public sector, as well as indicate who must take action. Consequently, methods and procedures are built into all public service activities, regardless whether these are administrative, functional or auxiliary activities. It was concluded that methods and procedures form an indispensable part of any public institution’s activities. However, the study focused on methods and procedures to issue drivers licences at the Driving Licence Testing Centre of the Madibeng Municipality. The study realised its overall aim when recommendations were made to the Driving Licence Testing Centre of the Madibeng Municipality of how to develop and implement standard operating procedures to issue drivers licences. In essence, it was recommended that the basic framework for the development of standard operating procedures be applied when updating and/or developing methods and procedures. Moreover, it was recommended that the set of newly developed standard operating procedures be adopted and implemented. It was also suggested, amongst other proposals, that the management and the staff at the Centre engage from the initial stages in the procedure development process, that clear steps and instructions of how to reach organisational short-term objectives, be specified, and caution be taken by the Madibeng Municipality against the implementation of an overly multifaceted internal control system at its Driving Licence Testing Centre. / Department of Public Administration and Management / D.Admin. (Public Administration)

La réalisation des politiques de protection sociale en Afrique soulève des questions complexes, notamment leur raison d’être et le choix des contenus (Merrien, 2013). L’originalité de cette thèse tient au fait qu’elle soit la première du genre à analyser l’élaboration des politiques de protection sociale au Burkina Faso autre que celles dans le domaine de la santé. À travers une analyse de la politique nationale de protection sociale et programme pilote de protection sociale en santé des personnes démunies, la thèse répond aux questions suivantes : pourquoi et comment la protection sociale est devenue une priorité gouvernementale et quels sont les facteurs qui ont influencé la mise en forme de ces deux politiques publiques et la mise en œuvre du programme de solidarité ? À partir de cadres d’analyse issue de diverses perspectives disciplinaires (science politique, sociologie, anthropologie), la réalisation des politiques publiques de protection sociale est considérée comme le fruit de l’interaction d’une multitude d’acteurs et de leurs intérêts divers : organisations internationales, coopération bilatérale, structure étatique, associations et ONG locales. La méthodologie est essentiellement qualitative. L’entrevue semi-dirigée approfondie, l’analyse documentaire et l’entrevue informelle ont été utilisées pour collecter les données. Les résultats sont structurés en cinq articles scientifiques. La décision de formuler ces deux politiques était principalement motivée par la recherche d’une cohésion sociale pour maintenir la paix et l’ordre social (article 1 et 4). Le processus de la formulation n’a pas permis de conduire une réflexion sur le problème à résoudre, d’identifier les besoins spécifiques des bénéficiaires, d’évaluer la capacité des solutions pour choisir celles appropriées. Les logiques des acteurs nationaux étaient de maintenir leurs acquis financiers et de mobiliser des ressources supplémentaires. Les acteurs internationaux ont été guidés par la logique de promotion d’instrument de protection sociale en adéquation avec leurs valeurs, leurs idées, leurs missions, et ce pour la mise en œuvre de leur mandat institutionnel. Cela a donné lieu au constat empirique de « non-design » ou de non-formulation (article 2 et 4), a révélé l’influence des idées et des intérêts des acteurs dans le choix des solutions, mais a aussi montré qu’une volonté politique est importante pour que les choix puissent répondre aux besoins des populations pauvres et vulnérables. Par ailleurs, les connaissances issues de la recherche scientifique ont été très peu utilisées pour éclairer les choix comparativement aux connaissances issues de la littérature grise (article 3). Les gains politiques, c’est-à-dire la perception des conséquences sociales et politiques associées à une recommandation fondée sur des connaissances scientifiques, influencent la prise en compte de cette dernière. L’analyse de la mise en œuvre montre que des lacunes de formulation influencent l’efficacité d’une politique. Aussi, la mise en œuvre offre des circonstances opportunes d’adaptation et de reformulation pour intégrer les spécificités du contexte et les besoins des bénéficiaires en vue d’améliorer l’efficacité (article5). / The development of social protection policies in Africa raises complex issues, including its rationale and choice of content (Merrien, 2013). This thesis is the first of its kind to analyze the development of social protection policies in Burkina Faso other than those in the field of health. Through an analysis of the National Social Protection Policy and pilot program of Social Protection in the Health of the Poor, this thesis answers the following questions: why and how social protection has become a government priority; and what factors have influenced the shaping of these two public policies and the implementation of the solidarity program? Based on analytical frameworks from various disciplinary perspectives (political science, sociology, anthropology), the process of developing public social protection policies is the result of the interaction of a multitude of actors and their diverse interests: international organizations, bilateral cooperation, state structure, associations, and local NGOs. The methodology is essentially qualitative. This thesis collects data thorough semi-structured interviews, literature review, and informal interviews. The results are structured in five scientific articles. The desire for social cohesion to maintain peace and social order motivated the decision to formulate these two policies (Articles 1 and 4). The formulation process did not lead to a reflection on the problem to be solved, to identify the specific needs of the beneficiaries, to evaluate the capacity of the solutions to choose the appropriate ones. The motive of the national actors was to maintain their financial assets and to mobilize additional resources. International actors have been guided by the logic of promoting a social protection instrument in line with their values, their ideas, and their missions, for the implementation of their institutional mandate. This implementation gave rise to the empirical observation of "non-design" or non-formulation (Article 2 and 4), revealed the influence of the ideas and interests of the actors in the choice of solutions, but also showed that it is important for choices to meet the needs of the poor and vulnerable. In addition, knowledge derived from research data was used very little compared to knowledge from gray literature (Article 3). Political gains, that is, the perception of social and political consequences associated with a recommendation based on scientific knowledge, influence the latter's consideration. The iv analysis of the implementation of the solidarity program shows that formulation gaps influence the effectiveness of a policy. Thus, the implementation offers opportune circumstances for adaptations and reformulations to integrate the specificities of the context and the needs of the beneficiaries with an aim of improving efficiency (Article 5). However, these opportunities have not been utilized by program implementers, helping to keep those who are impoverished excluded from health services.

Against the background of evidence that HIV-AIDS has had and continues to have an enormous impact on all South African schools, a need has arisen for HIV -AIDS policies and programmes to be effectively implemented in all schools. In this study, a qualitative methodology was used to evaluate policy implementation in the North West province. Data was gathered by means of field notes, observation and interviews with management and educators. The study found that although principals and educators are knowledgeable about HIV -AIDS, there is a tendency to discriminate against infected educators, particularly in terms of educator workload. This study also revealed that educators fear being accidentally exposed to HIV -AIDS infected blood, despite the guidelines given in the National HIV -AIDS policy and the availability of emergency first aid kits. The key thought emerging from this study is that not all schools are able to deal effectively with HIV -AIDS and that schools urgently need to plan or implement their own policies in this regard. School-based HIV-AIDS policies can only be successful if they take cognisance of local contextual issues and involve the three spheres of influence in the lives of educators and learners, namely, the sphere of the school, the sphere of family life and the sphere of the community. / Sociology / M.A.(Social and Behavioural Studies in HIV-AIDS)

Against the background of evidence that HIV-AIDS has had and continues to have an enormous impact on all South African schools, a need has arisen for HIV -AIDS policies and programmes to be effectively implemented in all schools. In this study, a qualitative methodology was used to evaluate policy implementation in the North West province. Data was gathered by means of field notes, observation and interviews with management and educators. The study found that although principals and educators are knowledgeable about HIV -AIDS, there is a tendency to discriminate against infected educators, particularly in terms of educator workload. This study also revealed that educators fear being accidentally exposed to HIV -AIDS infected blood, despite the guidelines given in the National HIV -AIDS policy and the availability of emergency first aid kits. The key thought emerging from this study is that not all schools are able to deal effectively with HIV -AIDS and that schools urgently need to plan or implement their own policies in this regard. School-based HIV-AIDS policies can only be successful if they take cognisance of local contextual issues and involve the three spheres of influence in the lives of educators and learners, namely, the sphere of the school, the sphere of family life and the sphere of the community. / Sociology / M.A.(Social and Behavioural Studies in HIV-AIDS)