The purpose of this dissertation was to a) examine the correlational relationships between Canadian university athletes’ perceptions of coach leadership behaviours and their perceptions of positive developmental outcomes (e.g., life skills) and negative experiences related to university sport, and b) explore how coach leadership behaviours and the associated developmental outcomes and negative experiences were described by both coaches and athletes. Data for this dissertation were collected over four stages. In Stage One, an online survey was used to collect data from a pan-Canadian sample (n = 605) of university athletes. In Stage Two, semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted with fifteen university athletes. In Stage Three, semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted with fourteen university coaches. In Stage Four, an online survey was used to collect data from a second pan-Canadian sample of university athletes (n = 498). Five articles were written to address the purpose of this dissertation. In Article One, data from two pan-Canadian samples of athletes were used to modify and confirm a new measurement tool known as the University Sport Experience Survey (USES). The USES provides a reliable and factorially-valid instrument for measuring development in university sport. In addition, Article One provided the first operational definitions of the positive developmental outcomes and negative experiences that could be reliably and validly assessed in a university sport context. Article Two qualitatively explored athletes’ perceptions of the developmental outcomes associated with their participation in university sport, as well as their perceptions of transfer. Results provided additional support for certain USES categories to be used for understanding positive development within the context of Canadian university sport programs. Further, results suggested university sport programs offer rich opportunities for developing skills, qualities, experiences, and relationships needed to become functioning members in our society. In Article Three, quantitative survey data were used to assess the cross-sectional relationships between athletes’ perceptions of their coaches’ leadership behaviours and outcomes from the USES. Coach leadership behaviours were conceptualized within the Full Range Leadership Model and assessed using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Findings showed that transformational coaching was generally related to positive developmental outcomes and inversely related to athletes’ negative experiences in sport. Moreover, coaches’ passive/avoidant behaviors were commonly related to athletes’ negative experiences in university sport. Contrary to expectations, passive/avoidant coaching behaviors were also positively related with a number of positive developmental outcomes. Article Four qualitatively assessed athletes’ perceptions of who they believed was responsible for their positive development within the university sport context. Athletes specified other athletes, the head coach, the coaching staff, and their parents as the people who influenced their positive development within the context of university sport. Notably, athletes felt they themselves were the ones who contributed the most to their own development. Article Five qualitatively explored coaches’ perceptions of and strategies for fostering their athletes’ positive development through university sport. The coaches believed there were inherent conditions surrounding university sport that facilitated positive development. However, the coaches maximized their athletes’ development by establishing a support network, building team culture, and empowering their student-athletes by teaching them fundamental skills related to self and social regulation. Together, the five articles make novel theoretical and practical knowledge contributions to the field of positive development through sport, and set a precedence for positive development research in university sport, as well as other emerging adult sport contexts.

Algal blooms and the reduction of the seabed’s oxygen have a particularly negative impact on the Baltic Sea, caused by the eutrophication process. The process of eutrophication involves the gradual enrichment of a body of water, or portions of it, with minerals and nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. In Sweden, agriculture is the source of almost half of the nitrogen and phosphorus released into the environment. (Swedish Board of Agriculture 2013) As a result of eutrophication catalysed by climate change, marine biodiversity and fish stocks suffer also reducing the welfare of citizens. Around 30% of the total nitrogen inputs come from atmospheric sources, mostly combustion operations connected to shipping, road traffic, energy generation, and agriculture. (HELCOM 2017) Despite the fact that nutrient leakage has decreased in recent years, 97% of the surface of the Baltic Sea is still affected by eutrophication (HELCOM 2017). Taking this as an emergency call, research aims to investigate on how architecture can become a catalyst for environmental regeneration, resulting in a net positive outcome. The research refers to the theory of regenerative design, which has received particular attention in recent years in addressing constraints of sustainability. The design proposal aims to spatialize regenerative processes operating on different scales, from bio-material development to an urban masterplan. The research envisions a regenerative approach to the Baltic Sea by introducing a network of interventions operating on the transitional zone between agricultural fields and rivers transmitting nutrient pollution to the sea as part of its catchment basin. The design proposal integrates regenerative strategies learned from case studies and a literature review. Research speculates on how to reduce excessive nutrient enrichment in soil, water and decrease anthropogenic nutrient loading, while engaging with the local community through eco-recreation. Enlisting nature as a guide and referring to biomimicry as the model, the network of various functional zones suggests bioremediation of polluted agricultural fields. At the same time proposal providide alternative platforms for cultivation and recreational infrastructures closely related to an adjusted urban fabric applied in the territory of Umeå in Sweden.

The current study explored the experiences of high school peer leaders (N = 45) chosen to participate in an eight-week peer-led tobacco intervention program, Living Free of Tobacco, Plus! (LIFT+). The study used a repeated measures design to examine changes in leadership self-efficacy, perceived leadership skill, and goal-setting from baseline to post-test. Leaders’ susceptibility to future tobacco use, self-efficacy to resist and avoid tobacco, and confidence and interest in following nutritional guidelines were also examined at two time points. To strengthen self-report measures, peer and teacher evaluations of observed leadership behavior were collected. Results suggest that participation as a peer-leader in the LIFT+ program yielded several benefits. Leaders in the LIFT+ program reported a significant increase in interest in following nutritional guidelines, leadership self-efficacy, perceptions of leadership skill, and confidence in goal setting. Limitations and implications for future peer-led initiatives are discussed.

In this work positive development of pupils of 7-10 classes is discussed by means of correct prodriving free time at school. In work the analysis of the scientific literature is used: is acquainted with development of teenagers, also is acquainted with a free time of teenagers. It is still discussed, at school free time communication(connection) to educational process. Also we learn(find out) opportunities of development of pupils of 7-10 classes by means of correct prodriving free time at school. Research was carried out(was spent) in 2005. Research was spent with the help of the questionnaire which has consisted of the open and closed questions, the analysis of some compositions of pupils also was. Tasks of research was: to investigate as pupils of 7-10 classes spend the free time; to investigate necessity of correct prodriving free time at school and also to investigate public opinion concerning an opportunity of correct prodriving a free time at school. The conclusion of research has shown, that one of the important attributes of development of teenagers is his(its) environment. Therefore it is very important for the teenager a social, cultural, external environment in which the teenager lives and spends the free time. During research was is established, that the big influence on a life of the teenager renders his(its) free time prodriving (an artwork, public or sports job and таму similar). Good job at leisure should satisfy interests of the teenager, and is especial -... [to full text]

Very little information exists regarding the communication ofnonverbal adults with severe Intellectual Disabilities(ID) and Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD). Most research in this area pertains to children. This study poses the following questions: “Howdononverbal, intellectually disabled adults who haveASD and those people who have contact with them on a regular day-to-day basis communicate with each other? What enhancesand or strengthens this communication? Can positive development in communication occur?”Based upon the data retrieved from eleven interviews, portraits of the communicative relationships of nonverbal adults with ID and ASDand their caregivers were compiled. The results of the study confirmed the existence of a personalized, functional system of communication between nonverbal adults with severe ID and ASD and their caregivers. The information gathered revealed improvement in communication. It was discovered, moreover, that a key factor in communicative development was the creation of common conceptual ground between caregiver and service user. Several attitudes and behaviors on the part of caregivers were noted to increase this common conceptual ground. The study’s conclusion cites the limitations, in methodology and scope, of the current investigation, and calls for more wide-ranging research on the communication of nonverbal adults with ID and ASD. / Det finnsidagintemycket information tillgängliggällandekommunikation avicke-verbala vuxna med gravtintellektuella funktionshinder ochAutismspektrumtillstånd. En stor delav forskningsom har bedrivitsidetta område gäller barn. Frågeställningarna i denna uppsats är: ”Hur kommuniceraricke-verbala vuxna med intellektuella funktionshinder och Autismspektrumtillståndi sin vardagmed de människor som finns runt omkring dem?Vad är det som gynnaroch förstärkerdenna kommunikation? Kan dennakommunikationutvecklas och förbättras?Med information från intervjuer med elva omsorgsgivare skapades femporträtt av detkommunikativa samspeletmellan icke-verbala individer med gravtintellektuella funktionshinder och Autismspektrumtillstånd, och deras kontaktmän. Studiens resultat visade att det finns ettfungerande, individualiserat kommunikationssystem mellan omsorgstagare och omsorgsgivare. En förbättring i kommunikationennoterades. Man har kunnat se att omsorgsgivarens attitydoch förhållningsättgentemot omsorgstagaren varit betydande fördenna förbättring. Resultatenvisade att utvidgning av den gemensamma konceptuella grunden[common conceptual ground] mellan omsorgstagare och omsorgsgivare var en viktig faktor i den kommunikativaförbättringen. Flera faktorer visade sig vara avgörande i expansionen av den gemensamma konceptuella grunden. Det påpekasatt det fanns uppenbara begränsningar i bredden och metodeni denna studie och det konstateras att det finns behovav mera omfattande forskning omkommunikation av icke-verbala vuxna med intellektuella funktionshinder och Autismspektrumtillstånd.

The impact of transportation concerning older adults is under scrutiny as the number of older adults is expected to significantly increase in the coming years. The World Health Organization (WHO) spearheaded a world wide initiative that sought to examine what contributed to an “age-friendly community” in both developed and underdeveloped nations. This paper examines, in particular, the role that transportation plays in relation and contribution to an “age-friendly” community in Saanich, British Columbia, as an addition to the WHO initiative. Focus groups were conducted to ensure that information received was the lived experience of the individual. Results suggested that transportation was more than the ability to operate a vehicle, but in the ability to move safely within an environment. Additional information provided by participants spoke to the necessity of increasing awareness of licensing systems and improvements that could be implemented to ensure safety for older adult drivers and the community.

The impact of transportation concerning older adults is under scrutiny as the number of older adults is expected to significantly increase in the coming years. The World Health Organization (WHO) spearheaded a world wide initiative that sought to examine what contributed to an “age-friendly community” in both developed and underdeveloped nations. This paper examines, in particular, the role that transportation plays in relation and contribution to an “age-friendly” community in Saanich, British Columbia, as an addition to the WHO initiative. Focus groups were conducted to ensure that information received was the lived experience of the individual. Results suggested that transportation was more than the ability to operate a vehicle, but in the ability to move safely within an environment. Additional information provided by participants spoke to the necessity of increasing awareness of licensing systems and improvements that could be implemented to ensure safety for older adult drivers and the community.

La santé mentale des adolescent·e·s et adultes émergents est un enjeu mondialement préoccupant. Dans le but de favoriser le développement positif et le rétablissement des jeunes vivant avec des troubles mentaux, l’estime de soi s’avère être une cible de choix. Des interventions de réadaptation par les arts axées sur l’amélioration de l’estime de soi ont été conduites ces dernières décennies, et ont montré des résultats prometteurs. Certains facteurs individuels, tels que la sévérité des troubles mentaux, semblent pouvoir affecter l’efficacité des interventions. Il importe donc de les étudier plus spécifiquement. Ce mémoire s’inscrit dans un projet plus large d’évaluation multicentrique continue des programmes Espace Transition (ET) mené par des chercheures du CHU Ste-Justine. Nous avons analysé les données de 140 jeunes âgés en moyenne de 16 ans et présentant un trouble mental. L’estime de soi positive et l’estime de soi négative des participant·e·s ont été mesurées avant et après la participation au programme, ainsi que leur niveau d’altération fonctionnelle liée aux troubles mentaux avant le début du programme. Des analyses de modération (ANCOVAs mixtes) ont été conduites afin d’observer si les changements diffèrent en fonction de la sévérité de cette altération fonctionnelle. L’âge, le genre et l’indice d’appréciation du programme ont été inclus dans les analyses. Selon les résultats observés, il apparait que la participation au programme est associée à un changement significatif de l’estime de soi de certains jeunes, plus particulièrement chez ceux rapportant un niveau d’altération fonctionnelle plus sévère. Ces jeunes présentaient en effet une estime de soi positive plus élevée ainsi qu’une estime de soi négative plus faible à la suite du programme qu’avant celui-ci. Malgré leurs limites, ces résultats suggèrent que les programmes ET pourraient jouer un rôle dans le rétablissement et le développement positif des jeunes étant davantage affectés par leurs troubles mentaux. Ils mettent aussi en lumière l’importance de s’intéresser plus amplement aux facteurs individuels pouvant faire varier l’efficacité des interventions. / The mental health of adolescents and emerging adults is an issue of global concern. To promote the positive development and recovery of young people living with mental disorders, self-esteem is a prime target. Rehabilitation art-based interventions focused on improving self-esteem have been conducted in recent decades and have shown promising results. Certain individual factors, such as the severity of mental disorders, seem to be able to affect the effectiveness of interventions. It is therefore important to study them more specifically. This dissertation is part of a larger ongoing multicenter evaluation project of Espace Transition (ET) programs led by researchers from the CHU Ste-Justine. We analyzed the data of 140 young people with an average age of 16 and presenting a mental disorder. The positive self-esteem and negative self-esteem of the participants were measured before and after participation in the program, as well as their level of functional impairment related to mental disorders before the beginning of the program. Moderation analyzes (Mixed ANCOVAs) were conducted to observe whether the changes are different depending on the severity of this functional impairment. Age, gender, and program appreciation index were included in the analyses. According to the results observed, it appears that participation in the program is associated with a significant change in the self-esteem of some young people, more particularly among those reporting a more severe level of functional impairment. These young people had higher positive self-esteem and lower negative self-esteem after the program than before. Despite their limitations, these results suggest that ET programs could play a role in the recovery and positive development of young people who are more affected by their mental disorders. They also highlight the importance of paying more attention to individual factors that can vary the effectiveness of interventions.