AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF DAVID KELLY, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in ENGLISH, presented on APRIL 21, 2014, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: "EOLAS TO MA:" CONSTRUCTION OF POSTNATIONAL SPACE IN THE INTERSTITIAL VISIONS OF HEANEY, CARSON AND MORRISSEY MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Michael Molino In his 1997 work Postnationalist Ireland, Richard Kearney addresses the issue of the Irish community today. He notes how an Irish diaspora of seventy million "challenged the inherited definitions of state nationalism" (99). He then notices how "the Irish word for province is coiced which means fifth" (99) and, though contemporary Ireland is divided into four provinces, earlier traditions included a "`middle' or the `fifth province'" (99). It is in this medial space, whose boundaries are not geographical or political but, for Kearney, "more like a disposition" (100), that Irish postnational identity can be reimagined as the interplay between the local and global communities. After all, Kearney asserts, "Irish culture rediscovers its best self...in its encounter with other cultures...." (101). My study will argue that this postnational sense of Irish identity is a preoccupation of three waves of Northern Irish poets: Seamus Heaney, Ciaran Carson and Sinead Morrissey. It is best depicted through an analysis of each poet's use of the concepts of "center," "war," "home," and "travel." My research will focus primarily on Heaney's version of Builhe Suibhne , Sweeney Astray, and District and Circle, Carson's retranslation of The Táin and Belfast Confetti, and Morrissey's Between Here and There and analyze the strategies of each of these writers as they re-present a contemporary postnational Irish identity that is shaped by local and international forces. Despite the recognized importance of Heaney, Carson and Morrissey as insightful poetic commentators on "The Troubles," a three decade long period of violent political and social turmoil (1968-1995), these three authors' use of Japanese elements in their verse tends to be overlooked. And, despite each writer's familiarity with the others' work, they are not often discussed together. My comparative study of these authors will aim to show how their interstitial vision embedded in distinctive Early Irish translations and use of Japanese religio/aesthetic elements in their contemporary verse, create a third space, a postnational center. In order to analyze how each poet constructs a regional/global identity, this study will examine and compare such transitional cultural and linguistic processes as "liminality," "ma," and the act of poetic translation. Morrissey's verse, in particular, often succinctly and exactly frames these issues expressed by her senior colleagues, so her poetry will be frequently employed as a lens for examining Heaney's and Carson's poetry.

<p>In the European Union political visions of a ‘Social Europe’ are being fuelled by the creation of common EU employment and social policy. The aim of the study is to investigate the workings and dynamics of policy-making in the area of employment, as an integral part of the fashioning of the European Union. Policies are channels for the cultural flows of ideas and notions and are in this way a part of forming ‘society’.</p><p>The study is an ethnography of the work of bureaucrats in the European Union institutions and the member state governments, in particular in the European Commission and the Swedish government. In this bureaucratic culture of policy-making the Eurocrats move between different EU meetings to negotiate, discuss and decide on common ‘EU’ positions, in this way creating a postnational EU.</p><p>At the core of the study is the tracing of the policy process of framing the vision of ‘Social Europe’ by the notion of ‘quality in work’. Particular focus is placed on turning this idea into ‘quality in work’ indicators. More specifically, the study explores the processes of making policy decisions quantifiable and transparent, and the assumptions underlying these processes. The development of indicators may be seen as part of a general global trend responding to demands for accountability, transparency and control over policy processes, a trend labelled audit society or audit cultures.</p>

In the European Union political visions of a ‘Social Europe’ are being fuelled by the creation of common EU employment and social policy. The aim of the study is to investigate the workings and dynamics of policy-making in the area of employment, as an integral part of the fashioning of the European Union. Policies are channels for the cultural flows of ideas and notions and are in this way a part of forming ‘society’. The study is an ethnography of the work of bureaucrats in the European Union institutions and the member state governments, in particular in the European Commission and the Swedish government. In this bureaucratic culture of policy-making the Eurocrats move between different EU meetings to negotiate, discuss and decide on common ‘EU’ positions, in this way creating a postnational EU. At the core of the study is the tracing of the policy process of framing the vision of ‘Social Europe’ by the notion of ‘quality in work’. Particular focus is placed on turning this idea into ‘quality in work’ indicators. More specifically, the study explores the processes of making policy decisions quantifiable and transparent, and the assumptions underlying these processes. The development of indicators may be seen as part of a general global trend responding to demands for accountability, transparency and control over policy processes, a trend labelled audit society or audit cultures.

The issue of political integration has been one of the most contentious subjects in terms of the academic studies concerning European integration. Despite many researches have been conducted in the areas concerning institutional problems, enlargement or European security, the researches concerning the socio-political diemnsion of the politcal integration are still very rare. This thesis approaches to the issue of political integration from a socio-political perspective.The problematic of the EU citizenship, its impacts upon the European political identity and possible measures to reconstruct the EU citizenship in accordance with the imperatives of postnational citizenship have been analyzed in a multidimensional framework.In that respect, it has been asserted that, if the EU citizenship could be restructured in accordance with a postnational understanding, it would provide an accurate measure to develop the feelings of Europeanness among the masses and thus,many initial tensions obscuring the political integration would be gradually resolved.

Recent developments such as internationalization of labor markets, emergence of multi-level polities and a global discourse on human rights have influenced citizenship practices and challenged conventional definitions of citizenship. While conventional definitions of citizenship often presuppose the relationship between citizenship, nationality and nation-state, as an institution, citizenship is constituted and reconstituted by economic, political, social and legal practices. In this context, European Union citizenship (EU citizenship), which was formally introduced in 1993, has generated a discussion on its nature. As a reflection of its dynamic and ambiguous character, there is a variety of interpretations on EU citizenship that can be evaluated between postnational and national ends. In line with these interpretations, this thesis aims to provide an insight to the possibility of postnationality in the case of the European Union Citizenship. In this sense, the analysis of EU citizenship depends on two significant theoretical bases: the contemporary debates on citizenship and the theories of European integration. It is attempted to combine these theoretical frameworks in a critical analysis in order to consider the postnational potentials and possibilities that the EU citizenship has. In the case study of EU citizenship a socio-historical analysis of the making of EU citizenship is carried out mainly with reference to the official documents of the institutions of European Union. In the light of this analysis, EU citizenship is critically examined according to designated discussion themes. Consequently, in this thesis, it is mainly argued that dynamic and evolving nature of EU citizenship create contradictory notions in its development process. This also reflects that possibilities for postnationality are inherent to the EU citizenship.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-08-20T19:14:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 26e.pdf: 3123063 bytes, checksum: 91eac5f61a9072639b39059f05dacdcb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T19:14:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 26e.pdf: 3123063 bytes, checksum: 91eac5f61a9072639b39059f05dacdcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-26 / Nenhuma / A presente tese doutoral tem por mote a problematização do constitucionalismo em tempos de mundialização. Sob o aporte filosófico-metodológico da hermenêutica gadameriana, o texto é redigido nos contornos da dialética, para a qual dois a dois os capítulos são articulados, compondo uma paisagem em que muitos tons se sobrepõem entre os opostos. Assim, parte-se no primeiro capítulo aos pilares do Estado Liberal de Direito para, no capítulo seguinte, indicar-se a conformação política e social do Estado Democrático de Direito, inaugurado sob os próprios esquemas, na interação entre Estado, Constituição e Sociedade Civil. Se a gênese do constitucionalismo que tem suas bases no Estado nacional, estas passam a ser desafiadas pelas novas dinâmicas pós-nacionais, ou melhor, pela mundialização, entendida como zeitgeist contemporâneo. A mundialização é esquadrinhada nos capítulos terceiro e quarto, sendo aquele destinado à sua caracterização enquanto processo descendente e hegemônico, para, na sequência, desvelar-se os aspectos ascendentes, de baixo para cima, pela temática da universalização dos Direitos Humanos e da Sociedade Civil global. O quinto capítulo volta o foco ao constitucionalismo, sob a dinâmica da internacionalização do Direito Constitucional de um lado, e da constitucionalização do direito internacional de outro, oferecendo uma leitura doutrinária a esse respeito. Por fim, enceta-se alguns condicionantes do constitucionalismo pós-nacional, que mesmo profundamente desafiado, tem, nos seus próprios elementos fundantes – Paz, Direitos Humanos e Democracia-, condições de reafirmar sua centralidade para um projeto civilizatório que ainda se institui em busca das promessas da modernidade, mas, para tanto, devem perquirir formas alternativas de legitimidade que, atentas ao diálogo transconstitucional, também projetem a Sociedade Civil ao cenário pós-nacional. / This doctoral thesis addresses the problem of constitutionalism in an era of globalization. Based on the philosophical and methodological contribution of Gadamer’s hermeneutics, the text is written mirroring the principles of dialectics. The chapters are articulated in twos, comprised of a landscape with many shades overlapping between opposites. The first chapter refers to the pillars of the liberal state of law. In the second chapter, we indicate the conformation of the political and social democratic state of law, inaugurated under its own designs as a result of the interaction between state, constitution and civil society. Departing from the principle that the genesis of constitutionalism has its basis in the national state, they are now being challenged by the new post-national dynamics, or rather by globalization, understood as the contemporary zeitgeist. Globalization is discussed in the next two chapters. The third chapter characterizes globalization as a descending and hegemonic process, while the fourth chapter reveals its ascending aspects through the theme of human rights and the universalization of a global civil society. The fifth chapter focuses on constitutionalism and offers a doctrinaire reading about it by having, on one hand, the dynamics of the internationalization of constitutional law and the constitutionalization of international law, on the other. Lastly, some constraints of post-national constitutionalism begin to be defined. Even deeply challenged, post-nationalism has, in its own founding elements - peace, human rights and democracy - conditions to reassert its centrality to a civilizing project that is still based on the philosophical assumptions of modernity and on the expectations arising from it. To meet this end, however, alternative forms of legitimacy should be sought: they must not only draw attention to a transconstitutional dialogue, but also project civil society into a post-national scene.

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