<div>This study introduced a design-inspired approach to unpack problems of professional formation</div><div>of engineers: 1) the gap between what students learn in universities and what they practice upon</div><div>graduation; 2) the perception that engineering is solely technical, math, and theory oriented; and</div><div>3) the lack of diversity and inclusion (incorporation of difference in perspectives, values, and</div><div>ways of thinking and being engineers) in many engineering programs. The current project</div><div>investigated the discursive practices and institutional processes that contributed to or inhibited</div><div>innovative and inclusive professional formation within an undergraduate engineering setting.</div><div>Specifically, this project showed how Grounded Practical Theory (GPT), Communication as</div><div>Design (CaD), and Human-Centered Design (HCD) offer alternative pathways to conceptualize</div><div>the processes of professional formation.</div><div><br></div><div><div>The context for this study involved the professional formation of engineers at a School of</div><div>Biomedical Engineering (BME) at a large, Midwestern university. Participants for this study</div><div>included undergraduate students and faculty, staff, and administration (FSA). Semi-structured</div><div>interview data was collected and explored participants’ descriptions, accounts, and experiences</div><div>related to professional engineering formation in BME. Data collection included 33 total</div><div>interviews including 15 FSA and 18 student interviews. The study involved an empirical</div><div>examination of discursive practices that invoked, reproduced, and maintained discourses of</div><div>professional engineering at the BME school.</div></div><div><br></div><div><div>Based on insights gained from the empirical examination of discursive practices, a GPT</div><div>framework was applied to examine conflicts in professional formation, strategies participants</div><div>used to overcome these challenges, and the underlying rationale for these strategies. Specifically, the goal of gaining a broad knowledge base—incorporating expertise across various engineering</div><div>and science disciplines—often can come at the expense of realizing specific application and</div><div>technical know-how. For many participants, both goals were critical for becoming a professional</div><div>biomedical engineer but often times blocked a discourse of professional formation that was</div><div>innovative and inclusive. Participants revealed that a standard lecture curriculum influenced this</div><div>tension, in many cases for the worse. However, findings suggested that strategies for overcoming</div><div>these conflicts were by integrating lecture curricula with more active learning formats (e.g.,</div><div>undergraduate research, lab participation). Moreover, findings showed how standard lecture</div><div>communication designs shaped and maintained a discourse community more likely to emphasize</div><div>understanding engineering as a science and also gaining a broad knowledge base often times at</div><div>the expense of realizing specific application and technical know-how.</div></div><div><br></div><div><div>This study’s analysis offers several theoretical contributions. First, GPT pointed to the deeply</div><div>integrated relationship between the ontological and epistemological foundations of biomedical</div><div>engineering professional formation. That is, becoming a biomedical engineer meant having</div><div>knowledge of several sets of disciplinary expertise while also understanding when and how to</div><div>enact this knowledge in practice. Second, professional formation designs for communication</div><div>(e.g., lecture designs, active learning designs) presupposed something about the recurrent</div><div>practices held within the school and how these recurrent practices constituted professional</div><div>ontology and epistemology in ways that were both enabling and problematic, Third, and from a</div><div>HCD perspective, exploring designs for communication brought to life the ways participants,</div><div>through interactivity, actively designed discourses of professional formation in an attempt to</div><div>achieve and meet their epistemological and ontological goals.</div></div>

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T21:14:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No presente estudo tomei como foco a formação inicial de professores de Matemática. Considerei os estudos que vêm evidenciando fragilidades nessa formação no que se refere à articulação entre teoria e prática, ao mesmo tempo em que identifico influências do movimento relacionado ao professor-investigador. No Brasil, esse movimento se instalou significativamente na década de 90, tanto em termos de formação inicial como continuada. No caso específico da Licenciatura em Matemática, problematizei a possibilidade da pesquisa, como atitude epistemológica, interferir na formação dos estudantes, através da melhor articulação da teoria com a prática. Considerei a legislação vigente e a reformulação curricular por ela desencadeada, no ano de 2004, na Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), como iniciativas de superação desta dicotomia no campo da formação de professores e tomei esse contexto como campo de pesquisa. No intuito de ampliar essa reflexão, cotejei os dados com a realidade argentina, favorecida por / In the present study I took as focus the initial formation of teachers in Mathematics. I considered the studies that have evidenced fragilities in this formation, related to the link between practical theory and, at the same time where I identify influences of a related movement to the professor-investigator. In Brazil, this movement was settled significantly in the 90’s, as much in terms of initial formation as a continued one. In this specific case of Major in Mathematics, I problemized the possibility of the research, as an epistemological attitude, to interfere with the formation of students, through the best link of theory with practice. I considered the current law and the curricular reformularization which was unchained by it, in the year of 2004, at the Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), as an initiatives to overcome this dichotomy in the field of formation of professors and took this context as field of research. Intending to extend this reflection, I compared the data with the reality

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Asian women have a lower risk than Caucasians, African Americans, and Latinas of developing breast cancer (BC). Yet, once Asians move to the U.S. their risk rates measurably increase. The Susan G. Komen® Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center (KTB), the only biobank of its kind in the world, collects healthy breast tissue from women of all racial groups to use as controls in BC research. The KTB represents a critical tool in efforts to treat and prevent BC; however, Asian American (AA) women display marked reticence towards donating tissue to the KTB. The purpose of this study is to use the basic components of Grounded Practical Theory to explore potential messaging that may result in AAs’ more positive outlook on breast tissue donation. This study recruited seventeen (N=17) AA women to share their perspectives on donating breast tissue for research purposes. Participants took part in an interactive focus group exploring potential messaging for successfully recruiting AA women to the KTB study. Findings revealed that: a) participants retained a culturally-embedded discomfort with donating, and a general distrust that their donation would be handled ethically and appropriately; b) the women possessed an extraordinary need for knowledge about all facets of the donation process; c) participants perceived that they lack a personal connection to BC, making it difficult for them to generate any truly altruistic tendencies to perform the desired behavior, or to understand a need to do so; and d) they possess a strong desire to learn why it seems important to the KTB to collect their tissue, and especially about the increased BC rates and risk for Asians who move to or are born in the U.S. The findings from this study have important implications for others who work in applied clinical settings and are interested in addressing racial disparities in medical research through more effective and targeted recruitment messaging.

This paper discusses how I have made an original contribution to the field of family therapy and systemic practice in relation to three themes: the therapeutic relationship; working with emotions in therapy, and self-reflexivity in practice. I track how these three themes have developed in the course of my research and clinical practice between 1983 and 2008 and then go on to show how I have developed these themes into an original 'practical theory' that has broader application to the field of family therapy and systemic consultation. I put forward eight publications, focusing on my two books, 'Death Talk: Conversations with Children and Families' (Fredman, 1997) and 'Transforming Emotion: Conversations in Counselling and Psychotherapy' (Fredman, 2004). I show how my original contributions to the field of family therapy theory and systemic practice take forward the following issues debated in the field in the past ten years: systemic therapy's theorising of the therapeutic relationship; -the use of cybernetics, psychoanalysis and social constructionism in systemic family therapy; -the relationship between modern and postmodern approaches in the field of family therapy; -the relationship between theory and practice.

Abstract Teaching of music, especially instrumental music, has rarely been the interest of researchers. This thesis explores the music teaching of a well known Finnish piano teacher and artist Matti Raekallio, describing his practical knowledge and theoretical tenets and their formation during the different phases in his life. The practical knowledge of a music teacher is experiential knowledge that takes shape in practical situations. It shows especially in the teaching-related interactions of music lessons. The teacher's practical knowledge manifests in his practical theory, which guides his teaching and includes his notions of the human being, learning and knowledge. The research tasks developed in the course of the research process and can be defined as follows: 1. What kind of shape do the elements of Raekallio's practical theory take in his life story? 2. What kind of teaching strategies and styles does he use in his piano lessons? 3. What kind of teaching stories are told in piano lessons? 4. How do the teacher and his students tell about their mutual relationships and their relations to music? The teaching of instrumental music is also approached from the viewpoint of the master–apprentice tradition it is usually connected with. And in addition to the actual research questions, the way in which this tradition is told in this research is also considered. The study is based on a narrative approach. Most of the data was collected by observing Raekallio's piano lessons and by interviewing both him and his students. This data was then analysed using content analysis and narrative methods of analysis. The results of this study broaden our conception of a music teacher's work. The teacher uses versatile teaching strategies, both verbal and nonverbal. Raekallio's teaching style includes his way of speaking, of being present and of giving feedback during his piano lessons. The exploration of teaching styles proved to be a fruitful starting point in the research of the moral dimension of music teaching. Examining teaching stories opened up the socialising significance that teaching has; through these stories future pianists and piano teachers are narrated into their cultural environment. These teaching stories show the teacher's pedagogical content knowledge as narrative knowing. With the help of narrative knowing, the teacher ties together knowledge that makes possible the production of a music performance, starting from notes and ending in a musical performance. The findings reinforce our conceptions of the teacher's significance in the teaching of instrumental music. In the stories of both students and the teacher, the significance of the teacher was clear during the different stages of development as a musician and especially during the stage of professional studies as a guide into the culture and practices of the field. The concepts and theory of educational sciences proved necessary and handy tools even in the research of music teaching. To popularise or model the contextual thinking of teaching related to the teaching of music, more descriptive research in the field is needed as well as descriptions of various everyday teaching events, the teaching of students of different ages, etc. The future challenges that this research points out include research of the narrative character of teachers' knowledge in general. How do teachers use storytelling in teaching, into what kind of stories are the things to be taught woven? / Tiivistelmä Soitonopetus on ollut harvoin tutkijoiden mielenkiinnon kohteena. Tässä työssä tarkastellaan tunnetun suomalaisen pianopedagogin ja -taiteilijan Matti Raekallion soitonopetusta, kuvaten hänen praktista tietoaan ja teoriaansa sekä sen muotoutumista elämän eri vaiheiden aikana. Soitonopettajan praktinen tieto on opettajan kokemuksellista tietoa, joka syntyy käytännön tilanteissa ja joka näkyy oppitunneilla etenkin opetuksen vuorovaikutustilanteissa. Opettajan praktinen tieto manifestoituu opettajan praktisessa teoriassa, joka ohjaa hänen opetustaan ja johon kuuluvat hänen käsityksensä ihmisestä, oppimisesta ja tiedosta. Tutkimustehtävät muotoutuivat prosessin aikana seuraaviksi: 1. Millaiseksi Raekallion praktisen teorian ainekset muotoutuvat hänen elämäntarinassaan? 2. Millaisia opetusstrategioita ja -tyylejä soittotunneilla käytetään? 3. Millaisia opetustarinoita soittotunneilla kerrotaan? 4. Millaiseksi opettaja ja opiskelijat kertovat suhteensa toisiinsa ja musiikkiin? Tarkastelen soitonopetusta myös siihen liitetyn mestari–kisälli-perinteen näkökulmasta ja varsinaisten tutkimustehtävien lisäksi pohdin, millaiseksi mestari–kisälli-perinne voidaan kertoa tämän tutkimuksen perusteella. Tutkimus on lähestymistavaltaan narratiivinen. Päätutkimusaineiston keräsin havainnoimalla Raekallion pitämiä soittotunteja sekä haastattelemalla häntä ja hänen oppilaitaan. Aineiston analysoin sisällönanalyysia ja narratiivisen tutkimuksen analyysitapoja käyttäen. Tutkimustulokset laajentavat käsitystämme soitonopettajan työstä. Opettaja käyttää monipuolisia opetusstrategioita, niin verbaalisia kuin nonverbaalisia. Raekallion opetustyylissä tulivat esille hänen puhetapansa sekä hänen tapansa olla läsnä soittotunneilla ja antaa palautetta. Opetustyylin tutkiminen näyttää olevan hedelmällinen lähtökohta opettajan työn moraalisen ulottuvuuden tutkimiseksi myös soitonopettajan työssä. Opetustarinoiden tutkiminen avaa opetuksen sosiaalistavaa merkitystä, sillä niiden kautta tulevat pianistit ja soitonopettajat kerrotaan kulttuuriseen yhteisöönsä. Niissä näkyy opettajan niin sanottu pedagoginen sisältötieto narratiivisena tietämisenä, jonka avulla opettaja sitoo yhteen tiedon, joka mahdollistaa kappaleen työstämisen nuottikuvasta alkaen aina kappaleen esitykseen saakka. Tutkimus vahvistaa käsityksiämme opettajan merkityksestä soitonopetuksessa. Opettajan ja oppilaiden kertomuksissa näkyi selvästi opettajan merkitys soittajataipaleen eri vaiheissa ja erityisesti ammattivaiheen opinnoissa johdattamassa alan kulttuuriin ja käytänteisiin. Tutkimuksessa käytetty kasvatustieteen käsitteistö ja teoria on osoittautunut tarpeelliseksi ja toimivaksi työkaluksi myös soitonopetuksen tutkimuksessa. Soitonopetukseen liittyvän opetustilanneajattelun yleistämiseksi tai mallintamiseksi tarvitaan lisää alan kuvailevaa tutkimusta ja kuvauksia erilaisista arkipäivän opetustapahtumista ja esimerkiksi eri-ikäisten opettamisesta. Tutkimuksen jatkohaasteena nähdään yleisestikin opettajan tiedon narratiivisen luonteen tutkiminen. Miten opettajat käyttävät kertomista opetuksessaan, esimerkiksi millaisiin tarinoihin opetettavat asiat kerrotaan?

Abstract The context of the research was a project carried out by preparatory education teachers following a three-phased TriPod-model in their school instruction. The three phases of instruction were: orientation in the classroom, field trip outside school and thirdly, reflection on the acquired experiences back at school. The instruction carried out according to the TriPod model was mainly based on principles of experiential and collaborative learning. Authentic learning environments outside of school were utilized systematically 8–9 times per academic year during the project which lasted three and half years. The main purpose of the research was to study the development of preparatory education teachers’ practical knowledge during the project. Secondly, the aim was to investigate the preparatory education teachers’ views about the suitability of the TriPod model in migrant students’ instruction and integration into their new home country. The epistemological starting point was social constructivism. The methodological approach of the study was qualitative showing features of action research, ethnography and phenomenography. The empirical data consisted mainly of thematic interviews with nine preparatory education teachers and the data was analysed by applying abductive qualitative content analysis. To conclude the results of the study, it can be maintained that the preparatory education teachers created their own “learning environment” where their practical knowledge was developed through individual and collaborative reflection. During the project, didactics for preparatory education was developed with a strong focus on authentic learning environments. Preparatory education teachers found the curriculum supportive in the implementation of the project’s principles and practices, which in turn contributed to the integration of theory and practice. The study also suggests that teachers in school, and the experts outside school in particular should adjust their speech to better suit the students’ level of Finnish language skills. The preparatory education teachers are fully aware of the significance of their role in advancing their students’ integration into society through the means of education. As a further result of the study, an updated model of teachers’ practical theory was constructed; it offers a well-grounded perspective on the educational challenges caused by societal changes which raise the need to re-consider both pre- and in service teacher education. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen konteksti on perusopetukseen valmistavan opetuksen projekti, jota opettajat toteuttivat kolmivaiheisen TriPod-mallin mukaisesti. Opetuksen kolme vaihetta olivat luokassa toteutettava orientaatio, opintovierailu koulun ulkopuolelle ja siinä saatujen kokemusten reflektointi koulussa. TriPod-mallin mukainen opetus perustui ensisijaisesti kokemuksellisen ja yhteisöllisen oppimisen periaatteille ja siinä hyödynnettiin systemaattisesti koulun ulkopuolisia autenttisia oppimisympäristöjä 8–9 kertaa lukuvuodessa kolmen ja puolen vuoden aikana. Tutkimukseni tavoitteena oli tutkia valmistavan opetuksen opettajien (valo-opettajien) osaamisen kehittymistä projektin aikana. Toisessa tutkimusongelmassa tutkittiin TriPod-mallin mukaisen opetuksen soveltuvuutta maahanmuuttajataustaisten valo-oppilaiden opetuksessa ja kotoutumisen edistämisessä. Tutkimukseni tietoteoreettisena lähtökohtana on sosiaalinen konstruktivismi. Tutkimus toteutettiin laadullisena tutkimuksena, jonka metodologinen viitekehys sisälsi piirteitä toimintatutkimuksesta sekä etnografisesta ja fenomenografisesta tutkimustraditiosta. Tutkimuksen aineisto hankittiin pääosin yhdeksältä valo-opettajalta teemahaastattelun avulla ja analysoitiin abduktiivisen laadullisen sisällönanalyysin avulla. Tutkimuksen perusteella voidaan todeta, että valo-opettajille muodostui oma ”oppimisympäristö”, jossa osaaminen kehittyi sekä subjektiivisen että yhteisöllisen reflektoinnin kautta. Projektin aikana kehitettiin valmistavan opetuksen didaktiikkaa, johon liittyi kiinteästi koulun ulkopuolisten oppimisympäristöjen hyödyntäminen. Valo-opettajat kokivat opetussuunnitelman tukevan projektissa toteutettuja periaatteita ja käytäntöjä, mikä puolestaan vahvisti käytännön ja teorian integroitumista. Tutkimuksessa nousi esille tarve sopeuttaa valo-opettajien ja erityisesti vierailukohteiden asiantuntijoiden opetuspuhetta vastaamaan valo-oppilaiden suomen kielen taitotasoa. Valo-opettajat tiedostivat työnsä yhteiskunnallisen merkityksen kotoutumista edistävien opetuskäytänteiden toteuttajina. Tutkimuksen tuloksena kehitettiin uusi sovellus opettajan käytännön teoriasta; se tarjoaa yhden perustellun näkökulman yhteiskunnallisten muutosten edellyttämiin opetuksellisiin haasteisiin, jotka tulisi ottaa huomioon opettajankoulutuksessa ja opettajien täydennyskoulutuksessa.