Leadership as a concept has been an area of significance for several decades. While the contribution of research to leadership concept in the industry has been substantial the same cannot be claimed with regard to the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). There is a paucity of research studies in the context of HEIs, particularly in regard to business schools. Deans of business schools were hardly the subject of research in the leadership literature till recently. But with collapsing business empires in the last decade (for instance Lehman Brothers), business school deanship came under scrutiny as the leaders in those business empires that collapsed were graduates of renowned business schools. The review of the literature with respect to challenges affecting HEI and business school leadership threw up many challenges. The challenges investigated were leadership styles, leadership practice, leadership effectiveness, decision quality, follower commitment, follower satisfaction, management style, organisational setting and orgaisational culture. Each challenge was assumed as a factor affecting deans of business schools as leaders. The review of the literature provided the theoretical basis for determining the nature of each factor. Leadership style was defined as the independent variable influencing leadership practice. Five leadership styles namely transactional, transformational, laissez-faire, democratic and autocratic leadership styles were made as independent variables to determine leadership practice. Leadership practice was identified as the independent variable influencing leadership effectiveness although the relationship between leadership practice and leadership effectiveness was supposed to be influenced by mediating factors namely decision quality of deans of business school, follower satisfaction and follower commitment. Academic and administrative staff were considered as the followers. Management style and organisational setting were considered as moderating variables of leadership practice of deans of business schools. Oraganisational structure was used to represent organisational setting as the variable. Organisational culture was used as the control variable. The theoretical framework was drawn to represent the linkage between the factors. The model developed was supported by already established theories that were tested for reliability and validity. The leadership style and leadership effectiveness models were developed which was the focus of this research. Leadership style-leadership practice linkage provided the theoretical framework to determine the style practised by the deans. Leadership practiceleadership effectiveness linkage mediated by decision quality, follower commitment and follower satisfaction provided the theoretical framework to determine the leadership effectiveness. Survey questionnaire was the method used to collect data. The questionnaire was sent to 600 academic and administrative staff members of business schools from eight different countries. The results showed that the transactional leadership style was the leadership style practised by the deans of the business schools. Other findings were as follows. That transactional leadership indirectly but positively influenced the leadership effectiveness of deans through decision quality and follower satisfaction. The mediation of the transactional leadership practice-leadership effectiveness linkage by decision quality and follower satisfaction was significant and in the positive direction. Management style and organisational structure were found to act as moderating variables of transactional leadership practice of deans positively. Transformational, laissez-faire, democratic and autocratic leadership styles were found to have significant and positive correlation with transactional leadership style implying that these four styles could moderate the transactional leadership style-leadership practice linkage. The study offers insights into how deans of business schools might develop their leadership attributes either by enhancing their transactional leadership style or changing their style or combining different styles to suit the situation.

Partial paralysis of the hand is one of the main impairments after stroke. Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CIT) is a new treatment technique that appears to improve upper extremity function after stroke. CIT consists of 6 hours of training/day for the affected arm (mainly with shaping exercises) and of restraint (mitt) of the non affected arm for two weeks. There are concerns about the practicality and resource issues in carrying out CIT according to the original model. In this thesis the benefit of modifications of CIT, of an assessment tool and of two common types of hand training have been evaluated.   CIT (n=16) administered in groups for two weeks (paper I) seems to be a feasible alternative to improve upper limb motor function after chronic stroke. The arm/hand motor performance improved significantly on Motor Assessment Scale (MAS; p= 0.003) and on Sollerman hand function test (p= 0.037). The median self reported motor ability (MAL) also improved (p < 0.001). No additional effect was seen from wearing a mitt for an extended period of three months. The reliability of the Sollerman hand function test (paper II) was studied in patients with chronic stroke. Three examiners observed 24 patients at three experimental sessions. There was agreement (kappa ≥ 0.4) between the examiners for 15/20 subtests. Using total sum scores, the agreement within the examiners was higher than 0.96 (for Spearman’s rhos and ICCs) and agreement between the examiners was higher than 0.96 (Spearman’s rhos) and 0.92 (ICCs), respectively. In a cohort of 24 patients with subacute stroke (paper III) forced use therapy (FUT; mitt use and 3 hours of training/day for 2 weeks) improved arm/hand function, but not more than regular arm therapy given to the control group. Significant improvements in arm/hand motor performance were found in the FUT group (n=12) as well as in the control group (n=12) on the Sollerman hand function test (p= 0.001), on MAS (p< 0.05) and on MAL (p < 0.05). No significant differences were seen between the groups pre- or post training or at three months follow up, demonstrating that the mitt had limited importance. In a separate study on 30 healthy subjects (paper IV), employing transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS), we found that shaping exercises but not general activity training increased dexterity (p<0.05; Purdue peg board test) of the trained non dominant hand. After shaping exercises the cortical motor map shifted forwardly into the premotor area but did not expand. After general activity training the cortical motor map expanded significantly (p=0.03) in the posterior (sensory) direction. Shift of location of active TMS positions rather than their numbers might therefore be a critical factor for the interpretation of cortical plasticity.   In conclusion, the studies in this thesis have shown that less resource consuming modifications of CIT may be feasible to improve upper limb motor function after stroke. The type and amount of training for the more affected arm seems to be an important factor rather than the mitt use in itself. Shaping exercises, at least in healthy people, are effective in improving dexterity and the Sollerman hand function test reliable to evaluate arm/hand function after stroke.

No abstract available / Old Testament / D.Th. (Old Testament)

Purpose - Healthcare (HC) is a globally expensive investment, suffering from service quality, due to medical errors caused by physicians’ poor decisions making (DM). Current published literature: (1) encourages clinical DM research to reduce diagnostic errors and (2) stresses on the dearth of means for practitioners’ knowledge shared DM; this research focuses on knowledge sharing for improving medical DM quality through physicians’ social capital (SC) in a virtual community of practice (VCoP). Physicians join a virtual community (VC) to share clinical practice knowledge to aid medical DM. This study aims to assess the effect of physicians’ SC on medical DM and assess the mediating role of knowledge sharing quality, between physicians’ SC and medical DM quality since research lacks to investigate the impact of knowledge management (KM) tools in a HC context. VCoP is a KM tool and medical DM quality is a HC topic of this study. Design/methodology/approach – This positivist, quantitative research utilizes non-experimental survey to empirically assess its conceptual framework. After attaining an ethical approval, from Brunel Business School Research Ethics Committee, online survey was pre-tested and pilot tested for clarity and validity. 10 non-physician Ph.D. academics voluntarily participated during the survey’s pre-test phase. The survey was amendment for its pilot study phase; conducted in “plastic surgery yahoo group” VC. 31 physician VC members voluntarily participated. Again, the survey was amended and distributed for main data collection from 204 voluntary SurveyMonkey’s VC’s physician members. Findings – Data was analysed using SPSS 20 and LISREL 8.80 by means of confirmatory factor analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. Empirical findings supported this study’s four main hypotheses as well as supported this study’s initially proposed conceptual framework. Originality/value – This study customized the Honeycomb framework to establish a definition of professional physicians; HC VCs followed by identifying 51 VCs from social networking platforms like LinkedIn, Facebook, etc. This study also fulfilled its aim and hence proposed a structurally fit conceptual framework.

<p>Purpose/Aim: The purpose of this essay is to see how the media, through the newspaper, "Vi föräldrar”, produces family and parental roles, and to investigate how the image changed over time.</p><p>Material/Method: The material consists of a number of selected texts from the years 1968, 1988 and 2008. The method used is a discourse analysis based on the three level model by Norman Fairclough. The three levels are the text, the discourse practise and the sociocultural practise. In this study two of the levels, text and sociocultural practise, are used in analysing the texts.</p><p>Main results: Family and parenting in the texts from 1968 can be linked to the structural functionalist theory in which the core family is central and women and men are assigned to specific roles. I have chosen to call the contents of the texts of 1968 a "core family discourse." The feminist approach has influenced the content in the texts from 1988 which I call a “gender discourse”. The individualization of the late modern period has resulted in freedom for the individual without specific gender roles or traditional family frameworks, which are evident in the texts from 2008. I have therefore chosen to refer to the 2008 texts as a "lifestyle discourse".</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyse the institutionalized Swedish Psychiatric practice during the period 1850 and 1970 - the era of the large mental hospitals - in terms of a modem disciplinary project. Point of departure relates to the meeting between the admitted patient and the educational work of the mental hospital and its everyday practice. The main sources of information for this study consists among other things of case sheets and texts closely related to the work of the mental hospitals. The study has two important aspects. The first deals with the normalized procedures in the practice of mental care, and draws the attention to the relation between social and cultural standards and the way the mental hospitals reviews, treats and handles the patient. The second aspect deals with the actual administration and the techniques of the hospital to correct the patient and his/her actions in a desirable direction. An overarching discussion deals with the relation between liberating and Controlling practitioners, and how the Controlling power of the hospital relates to the modem society's conception of a independent man. At the same time as the physical coercion of the mental hospital diminished, controlling methods were required which were not merely based on obedience and Submission, but also on the participation and will of the patient. Informal system of rewards, confession-techniques as well as various forms of a conditionalised and regulated freedom is combined with a more concealed potential of coercion of the institution. The compulsory work is being analysed as the most important educational therapy - both socially and ethically. Work is being described as a liberal Controlling technique. By connecting work to the system of rewards as well as increased physical freedom enables the hospital to exercise control and predictability without resorting to coercion. How the hospital looked upon and handled the sexual body, and how cultural conceptions regarding sexual normality dominated the practical care-taking is being analysed with the starting point in case sheets. The sexual behaviour, especially concerning women, resulted in a meeting of different opinions between restraining and testing practitioners where moral reliability was a condition for physical freedom. The thesis describes a movement over time towards increased physical freedoms for the patients of the mental hospitals. This did not imply that the control or the normalization decreased in intensity. But rather that the forms and the conditions for these processes changed. The freedom that was placed in sight was always connected with the well behaviour of the patient. / digitalisering@umu

Purpose/Aim: The purpose of this essay is to see how the media, through the newspaper, "Vi föräldrar”, produces family and parental roles, and to investigate how the image changed over time. Material/Method: The material consists of a number of selected texts from the years 1968, 1988 and 2008. The method used is a discourse analysis based on the three level model by Norman Fairclough. The three levels are the text, the discourse practise and the sociocultural practise. In this study two of the levels, text and sociocultural practise, are used in analysing the texts. Main results: Family and parenting in the texts from 1968 can be linked to the structural functionalist theory in which the core family is central and women and men are assigned to specific roles. I have chosen to call the contents of the texts of 1968 a "core family discourse." The feminist approach has influenced the content in the texts from 1988 which I call a “gender discourse”. The individualization of the late modern period has resulted in freedom for the individual without specific gender roles or traditional family frameworks, which are evident in the texts from 2008. I have therefore chosen to refer to the 2008 texts as a "lifestyle discourse".

Darbo tikslas — teorinių prielaidų pagrindu sukurti grafinio dizaino mokymo kaip dailinio ugdymo proceso dalies modelį popamokinėje veikloje. Darbą sudaro įvadas, kuriame suformuluotas jo tikslas, apibūdinti uždaviniai, pagrįstas temos aktualumas, trys teorinės darbo dalys, susijusios su temos tikslu bei empirinio tyrimo dalis, kurioje pateikta praktinio grafinio dizaino mokymo modelio raiškos duomenų analizė. Darbas pabaigtas keturiomis teorinę ir empirinę jo dalį apibendrinančiomis išvadomis, literatūros sąrašu, santrauka anglų kalba (summary) ir priedais. Siekiant darbo tikslo, suformuluoti keturi tyrimo uždaviniai, kurių kiekvienas aptariamas atskiroje darbo dalyje. Pirmasis uždavinys: apibūdinti meninio ugdymo ypatumus popamokinėje veikloje. Siekiant šio ir antrojo uždavinio — atskleisti vizualinės ir semantinės grafinio dizaino kalbos ugdomąjį potencialą — išanalizuoti švietimo įstatymų dokumentai, mokslinė, pedagoginė literatūra. Kitam uždaviniui, teorinio grafinio dizaino mokymo modelio sudarymui, panaudotos mokslininkų rekomendacijos meninio ugdymo veiklą paremti ne santykiu su jau esamu meno kūriniu, o pedagoginiu poveikiu kūrybinio proceso metu. Taip pat rekomenduojama grafinio dizaino modelio praktinei raiškai naudoti aktyvaus mokymosi metodus: mokymąsi per patirtį, reflektyvų ugdymą, o taip pat skirti nuolatinį dėmesį pedagogo kompetencijų ugdymui. Siekiant ketvirto uždavinio — ištirti grafinio dizaino mokymo modelio, sudarytą teorinio tyrimo pagrindu, raišką... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The purpose of this thesis was to create a research based theoretical model for the graphic design training as a part of the art education process in the after-school activities. The thesis consists of introduction where the purpose of the thesis is formulated, the methods of the research are determined, the relevance of the subject is reasoned, three theoretical parts directly connected with the purpose of the thesis ant the part of empiric research consisting of the analysis of the practical data of graphic design training model implementation. The thesis is concluded with the four findings that summarises the theoretical and empirical parts, the list of literature resources and the annexes. In order to achieve the above mentioned purpose, four goals were formulated and each of them separately discussed. The first goal was to describe the art training distinctive features in the after-school activities. This goal as well as the second ¬– to reveal visual and semantic potential of the graphic design – was achieved through analysis of the legislation and scientific literature resources. The subsequent goal was to create a theoretical graphic design training model and it was achieved using scientific recommendations to base art training not on the relation to the already existing art work but on the pedagogical influence during the creation process. For the realization of the model active training methods, reflective practise are recommended to be applied and pedagogical... [to full text]

No abstract available / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D.Th. (Old Testament)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico / O presente estudo objetivou investigar no âmbito da prática pedagógica, os saberes subjacentes ao saber-fazer/dizer de sete professoras da rede estadual de ensino do Rio Grande do Norte, ao atuarem, especificamente, na área de conhecimento da Geografia no segundo ciclo do Ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, buscou-se re-significar o saber das professoras em dois momentos que se completam: o da observação e o das entrevistas, compreendidos numa articulação entre o que se denomina de saber-fazer e saber-dizer. Os dados foram produzidos e analisados no contexto de uma estrutura conceitual que se distancia da perspectiva da idealização de um fazer, para compreender as condições de uma prática situada o que fazem as professoras, o que dizem sobre o seu fazer e em que se referenciavam para saber-fazer-dizer na sua prática pedagógica são aspectos enfatizados neste trabalho. Como fundamento teórico do estudo estão as idéias de TARDIF (2002), SHULMAN (1986) e BARTH (1994) no que se refere aos aspectos de constituição, caracterização e validação do saber docente. Apresenta-se como principal contribuição deste trabalho, a investigação da prática como instância produtora de saberes, e acentua-se a pertinência da utilização dos dados e resultados evidenciados para (re)pensar as propostas/programas de formação docente. Finalmente, como indicativos dos saberes subjacentes à prática investigada ou dos saberes docentes, aponta-se que estes são condicionados, sujeitos a imperativos, obstaculizados por fatores nem sempre observáveis pelo próprio sujeito da ação e se apresentam com traços morfológicos e estilísticos que são histórico-culturais e marcadamente didáticos. / This present study aimed to investigate, in the scope of pedagogical practise, the knowledge related to seven Rio Grande do Norte state teachers know-how-to do/say applied, specifically, in the Geography field of the second cycle of the Elementary Education. In order to do so, a re-signification of the teachers knowledge was sought through two mutually completing moments: observation and interviewing as part of an articulation between what is called know-how-to-do and know-how-to-say. The data was raised and analysed in a conceptual structure context which distances itself from the perspective of action idealization, to understand the conditions of a placed practise what the teachers do, what they say about their work and on what they base themselves to knowdo- say in their pedagogical practise which are the emphasized aspects of this study. Serving as theoretical basis to this study are the ideas of TARDIF (2002), SHULMAN (1986) and BARTH (1994), referring to aspects of constitution, charachterization and validation of teaching knowledge. This works main contribution could be pointed out as being the investigation of practise as a mean to produce knowledge, and the emphasis on the importance of the use of data and observed results as a way to (re)think teacher education programs/projects. Finally, as indicators of the knowledge related to the investigated practise, or the teaching knowledge, it is shown that these are conditioned, subjected to imperatives, impeded by elements not always observable by the own subject of the action and therefore are presented with morphological and stylistic traces which are historical-cultural and remarkably didactical. KEY-WORDS: pedagogical practise, teaching knowledge and Geography teaching.