In this research project the context of a playgroup is used in the exploration of the developing meanings of preschool children living in a community village. Therapeutic goals include the co-construction of a group context where alternative behavioural social skills, and the related meanings thereof, could evolve in relationship with the therapist / researcher and peers. The research process is based on an underlying ecosystemic epistemology, social constructionistic theory and a narrative approach to therapy. A naturalistic research design includes the use of qualitative methods of play as therapeutic tools in the exploration of meanings. Research findings show the emergence of co-constructed meaning categories between all the participants of the research to be those of respect, responsibility and hope. The therapeutic significance of these three themes for this age group of children is discussed, and linked to the further construction of meanings. / PSYCHOLOGY / MA

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcella Barbosa Neuman.pdf: 3796379 bytes, checksum: 7aab7a7e86e2b81f847a4f46e10c63f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-11 / It´s expected that at pre-school age the attention is still in training. Nevertheless, the complaints about attention behavior in this age group have been justifying new studies on interventions which may minimize the damages from such patterns, mainly in the educational arena. Despite the growth in the literature suggesting new studies about pre-schoolers and attention this still being poorly documented. This study aimed to observe the effects of a psychosomatic practice as yoga can have in behavior attention and external problems shown in the educational arena in such age group. This randomized clinical trial deals with the development, implementation and evaluation of a yoga practice protocol of 11 weeks in two public schools in São Paulo City. 24 children were randomly screened and distributed between control group and experimental group. C-TRF scale was used as the evaluation method. The outcomes have shown significant improvements in attention problems, external behavior as well as in the time spent in the activity. The essay also discusses factors which contributed to the practical methods results and the development of attention in pre-school age / É esperado que na idade pré-escolar a atenção esteja ainda em formação. Entretanto, as queixas de problemas atencionais nessa faixa etária têm justificado novos estudos sobre recursos terapêuticos eficientes para minimizar os prejuízos desses traços, especialmente no ambiente escolar. Poucos estudos foram encontrados sobre essa questão, apesar do recente aumento de indicações na literatura. Este estudo teve como objetivo observar os efeitos da prática da yoga nos traços de dificuldades atencionais e comportamentos externalizantes apresentados no ambiente escolar em crianças entre 4 anos e 6 anos e 11 meses. Esta pesquisa clínica e randomizada trata do desenvolvimento, aplicação e avaliação de uma intervenção de prática de yoga de 11 semanas em duas escolas públicas na cidade de São Paulo. No total, 24 crianças foram triadas e distribuídas aleatoriamente entre grupo controle e grupo experimental. O método de avaliação usado foi a escala C-TRF. Os resultados demonstraram melhoras significativas nos problemas de atenção, comportamentos externalizantes e melhora no tempo de permanência na atividade. O estudo ainda discute fatores que contribuíram com os resultados da prática e com o desenvolvimento atencional na idade pré-escolar

Play activities in kindergartens are the key method for general development of a child between tree and six years of age. In personality-orientated education the free, induced and didactic play is the starting point for the development of children's prosocial behaviour and perception. In the theoretical part the meanings of the play types are explained with regards to age specifications focusing on the development of children's prosocial behaviour and perception. The practical part verifies the possibilities of plays with prosocial targets and their influence on prosocial behaviour and perception of children in selected classed. It surveys typical problem situations which arise while playing and shows the models of their solution.

In this research project the context of a playgroup is used in the exploration of the developing meanings of preschool children living in a community village. Therapeutic goals include the co-construction of a group context where alternative behavioural social skills, and the related meanings thereof, could evolve in relationship with the therapist / researcher and peers. The research process is based on an underlying ecosystemic epistemology, social constructionistic theory and a narrative approach to therapy. A naturalistic research design includes the use of qualitative methods of play as therapeutic tools in the exploration of meanings. Research findings show the emergence of co-constructed meaning categories between all the participants of the research to be those of respect, responsibility and hope. The therapeutic significance of these three themes for this age group of children is discussed, and linked to the further construction of meanings. / PSYCHOLOGY / MA

The thesis deals with leisure time in families with pre-school children in the region of the city Pelhřimov. It desribes conception of the leisure time in families with one or more children. The theoretic part talks about family, follows up its meanings and functions in human life. There is a short description of development of the family in modern time and some specifics of the families with younger preschool children too. Then there are desribed relationships in family (depending on the number of children in the family) and an intergenerational learning process. The next section is devoted to leisure time and its role in human life. We will find there a definition of a leisure time, a brief look at the historical evolution of this phenomenon in modern time and some of its specifics in contemporary family life. The work next deals with some socio-psychological characteristics of younger pre-school children with regard for leisure time. There are written some characteristics of the Pelhřimov?s region related to leisure time. The researching part of the work describes how the conception of the leisure time looks in the family of younger pre-school children in the Pelhřimov?s region. It highlights some of the differences in the conception among families with one or more children too. In a selected population sample survey was carried out using semi-structured interviews. They were then processed using a triple-coding grounded theory.

Through document analysis, one-on-one interviews with parents, and observations the researcher aimed to explore early intervention in pre-school children with learning difficulties in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape. The researcher set out to determine whether parents were aware of the importance of early intervention in addressing learning difficulties in their children, what support existed to help parents give support to children with learning difficulties, and how support could be improved to enable parents to help their children. This study found that parents in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape needed support that would enable them to provide early intervention for their children with learning difficulties. The study also showed that parents were aware of the importance of early intervention to help their children with learning difficulties. Most parents were receiving support, but there was room for improvement in the support that they were receiving. Flowing from this, the study also found that parents needed different forms of support, e.g. emotional and financial support. Based on the findings, recommendations were made. Recommendations were aimed at improving support for parents, so they can provide successful early intervention for their pre-school children, e. g. through the creation of open channels of communication between parents and other role players, like government departments and service providers. Recommendations were also made for future research, e. g. research into ways to create open channels of communication. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

Title Centers for Pre- school Children - Descriptions of the Intentions of the Municipality of the Capital City Prague 2009 - 2010 Author Petra Martinovská Department The Department on Primary Education of Charles University of Prague Supervisor doc. PhDr. Eva Opravilová CSc. Abstract The thesis deals with a new form of pre- school education. Centers for pre- school children (further only CPD) have started their operation in the year 2009 - 2010 on the initiative of the founder of Prague's Houses for Children and Youth (further only DDM) the Municipality of the Capital City Prague (MHMP). There is described the intention of MHMP in the thesis, the creation of CPD and the first school year of its existence, the perspective and other possibilities of its development in the future. In the theoretical part of the thesis there are formulated areas that create the basis of the description and evaluation of the project from the pre-school education point of view where is the main source Framework Program of Education for Pre-school Education (further RVP PV). Through the SWOT analysis from the possible implementer point of view there are formulated opportunities and strengths, possible risks, weaknesses of the intention of the project itself, or critical moments. The practical part of the thesis deals with the...

The diploma thesis presents a differentiation and description of various forms of interpersonal interaction with emphasis on cooperation and cooperative behaviour from the perspective of sociology, social psychology and psychology of personality. As the research is focused on preschool children, the characteristic traits of this age are specified, specific methods and forms suitable for the development of cooperative behaviour are described as well as the role of the teacher in this process. Moreover, the aim of fostering cooperative behaviour is linked to the educa?tional purpose outlined in FEP PE and Learning: The Treasure Within (four pillars of education). Furthermore, variables related to individual dispositions in respect to cooperative behaviour are briefly analysed. In the research section of the thesis, activities aiming at fostering cooperative behavior in preschool children are presented and evaluated based on their testing in a pre-school: whether/how they really worked in respect to eliciting cooperative behaviour in children.

Through document analysis, one-on-one interviews with parents, and observations the researcher aimed to explore early intervention in pre-school children with learning difficulties in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape. The researcher set out to determine whether parents were aware of the importance of early intervention in addressing learning difficulties in their children, what support existed to help parents give support to children with learning difficulties, and how support could be improved to enable parents to help their children. This study found that parents in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape needed support that would enable them to provide early intervention for their children with learning difficulties. The study also showed that parents were aware of the importance of early intervention to help their children with learning difficulties. Most parents were receiving support, but there was room for improvement in the support that they were receiving. Flowing from this, the study also found that parents needed different forms of support, e.g. emotional and financial support. Based on the findings, recommendations were made. Recommendations were aimed at improving support for parents, so they can provide successful early intervention for their pre-school children, e. g. through the creation of open channels of communication between parents and other role players, like government departments and service providers. Recommendations were also made for future research, e. g. research into ways to create open channels of communication. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the uniqueness of the Baobab publishing house books for pre-school children and to find out what is the opinion of parents and pre- school teachers on selected books from this publishing house, on their content and on their graphic design. In the theoretical part I describe and explain the basic concepts of the reading literacy. I also devote to the contemporary situation in the book market for children, especially pre- school children, mostly non-readers. I focus on a small alternative publishing house called Baobab, its book production for children in general, and on its awarded books. In the empirical part I interviewed parents (41 returned questionnaires altogether) about their awareness and opinion on the Baobab publishing house and on selected books published by Baobab, namely Jak zvířataspí (How Animals Sleep), Šmalcova ABECEDA (Šmalec's Alphabet) and Z domu a zahrady (From the House And the Garden). I also interviewed 7 pre- school teachers to find out about their awareness of the Baobab publishing house and about their opinion on the selected books. Unlike the parents, all teachers had known the publishing house. It was proved that although the publishing house was awarded several prizes for its children's books (especially for the graphic design), the...