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The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of three volunteer care workers in their role as facilitators of an intervention programme aimed at strengthening the resilience of pre-school children. The study forms part of a broad research project, the Kgolo-Mmogo project, involving a multidisciplinary team of researchers from the University of Pretoria and Yale University in the United States of America. One of the objectives of the project is to investigate the possibility of strengthening the resilience, as well as the adaptive functioning of children affected by HIV and AIDS. These children are living in poor urban communities in South Africa and their vulnerability is related to their mothers being infected with HIV. The conceptual framework for my study was based on existing theory relating to care workers, focussing on their responsibilities and experiences, and the process of facilitation. In addition I explored the concepts ‘resilience’ and ‘vulnerable children’. I followed a qualitative research approach, guided by an interpretivist epistemology. I employed an instrumental case study design and conveniently selected three volunteer care workers fulfilling the role of facilitators in the Kgolo-Mmogo project, as participants. These volunteer care workers were responsible for facilitating an intervention programme with a small group of 3 to 5-year old children. I observed five of the intervention sessions, which were presented by the participating volunteer care workers. I conducted a focus group discussion with the participants in order to explore their experiences as facilitators of the intervention programme. I furthermore conducted a follow-up focus group discussion with the purpose of member checking. In addition, I relied on a reflective journal, field notes and audio-visual methods, for data collection and documentation purposes. Four main themes emerged as a result of the thematic data analysis and interpretation that I completed. Firstly, I found that the foreseen scenario of the facilitation of an intervention programme differed from the real scenario of what such a role would entail. The role of facilitators of an intervention programme implied more than what the volunteer care workers had anticipated and implied diverse responsibilities. Secondly, from my results I concluded that the participants encountered a variety of positive experiences, including experiences of being meaningful and self-development, as well as feelings of pride, excitement and joy. Thirdly, the participants encountered some challenges in their role as facilitators of an intervention programme. They were required to deal with negative emotions, handle conflict more effectively, become more flexible, and deal with stress appropriately. The last theme that emerged relates to the participants experience of the importance of continuous support. This was offered by means of training and a structured manual, regular debriefing sessions by the volunteer care workers’ supervisor and the research coordinator, as well as support by colleagues. Based on the findings of my study, I concluded that the experiences of the volunteer care workers facilitating the intervention programme with young vulnerable children were diverse and multifaceted. As such, the role of facilitator implied multiple responsibilities, and led to the experience of a variety of benefits and challenges. In addition, my study highlights the value of continuous support in order to assist volunteer care workers to successfully facilitate intervention programmes they present. Furthermore, in dealing with the challenges they faced, the volunteer care workers in my study developed valuable skills that could be applied during future facilitation tasks, as well as in their personal lives. As such, their involvement as facilitators in the Kgolo-Mmogo project seemed to have contributed to their professional and personal development. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

This study aims to show pre-school children's conceptions on combustion and their thoughts on the conditions the process include. The data collection method this study used is through interviews. All of the children interviewed attend pre-school. All children who participated in the study are six years old. The interviews touched on different issues of fire, such as, how to start a fire, how to maintain a fire and how to extinguish a fire. Previous research about children’s conceptions and children and fire is the basis of the survey. The survey has shown that the children's explanations cannot be compared with the scientifically accepted theories even if the children seem to have some understanding about the conditions that are needed in the chemical process of fire. The children has mentioned fuel and heat as the main conditions for fire, while many has an uncertainty against oxygen. One of the children has shown a greater understanding of the purpose of oxygen. The children's knowledge about this subject mainly comes from experiences in an environment where caregivers is present. Suggestions for what preschool teachers can work with within the occupation has been show. / Denna studie har som syfte att visa på förskolebarns föreställningar om förbränning och deras tankar om de förutsättningar processen innefattar. Datainsamlingsmetoden som studien har använt sig av är intervjuer. Alla barnen som intervjuades går i förskolan. Alla barnen som deltagit i studien är sex år gamla. Intervjuerna berörde frågor om eld, så som, hur man startar en eld, hur man upprätthåller en eld och hur man släcker en eld. Tidigare forskning om barns föreställningar och barn och eld ligger till grund för undersökningen. Undersökningen har visat att barnens förklaringar inte kan jämföras med vetenskapligt vedertagna teorier även om barnen verkar ha en viss förståelse om vilka villkor som behövs i den kemiska processen eld. Barnen har nämnt bränsle och värme som de viktigaste förutsättningarna för en eld, medan många har visat en osäkerhet kring syre. Ett av barnen har visat en större förståelse för syrets betydelse. Barnens kunskap inom detta ämne kommer främst från upplevelser i en miljö där vårdnadshavare är närvarande. Förslag för vad förskollärare kan arbeta med i verksamheten har påvisats.

Problemställning: Studien visar att 42 miljoner barn är överviktiga och feta, vilket kan leda till fysisk och psykisk ohälsa samt förtidig död. Forskning visar att barn som utvecklar övervikt och fetma i förskoleåldern riskerar att vara fortsatt överviktiga och feta när de når vuxen ålder. Barnhälsovårdssjuksköterskans uppgift är att identifiera och förebygga denna utveckling. De överviktiga barnen och deras föräldrar behöver stöd från barnhälsovården för att motverka fortsatt viktutveckling. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilken form av stöd barnhälsovårdssjuksköterskan ger föräldrar till överviktiga barn i åldrarna noll till sex år för att motverka fortsatt viktuppgång. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en integrativ och systematisk litteraturstudie enligt Whittemore och Knafls metod. Resultat: I resultatet framkom att barnhälsovårdssjuksköterskor gav emotionellt, informativt och instrumentellt stöd till föräldrar med överviktiga barn. Studien visade att inget socialt stöd gavs till dessa föräldrar. Konklusion och implikation: Studien belyser vikten av att tidigt synliggöra och motverkar fortsatt överviktsutveckling hos barnet. Ytterligare forskning efterfrågas rörande överviktiga barn i åldrarna noll till sex år och detta skulle kunna tillgodoses genom empiriska studier. Genom empiriska studier skulle en djupare förståelse kunna uppnås för vilken form av stöd som föräldrarna vill ha samt hur stödet från barnhälsovårds sjuksköterskan uppfattas av föräldrarna. / Issue: The study shows that 42 million children are overweight and obese, which can lead to physical and mental ill-health and premature death. Research shows that children who develop obesity in pre-school are at a higher risk to continue to be overweight and obese when they reach adulthood. The task for the child health care nurse is to identify and prevent such developments. The obese children and their families need support from child care to counteract the continued weight gain. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine what kind of support child health care nurse gives parents of overweight children the age of zero to six years to counter the continued weight gain. Method: The study was performed as an integrative and systematic literature as Whittemore and Knafls method. Results: The result showed that child health care nurses give emotional, informational and instrumental support to parents of overweight children. The study showed that no social support was given to these parents. Conclusion and implication: The study highlights the importance of early visibility and prevention of continued obesity development of the child. Further more research is requested on overweight children in the age of zero to six years. Through empirical studies, a deeper understanding can be achieved for what kind of support that parents want and how support from the children's health care's nurse perceived by the parents.

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Parents of preschool children and vaccination I. Author: Monika Miklasová Supervisor of thesis PharmDr. Helena Marešová Department of social and clinic pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové. Introduction:In the Czech Republic is vaccination of children one of the most argue topic. Children`s vaccination is very important, because they are endangering the most of health and life. Periodically vaccination lead to reach high collective immunity. High vaccination is requirement. Objective: Purpose of my thesis was find out, what are actual parent`s opinions on faith, effectivity and safety of vaccination system, which depend on parent`s age and education - in this case help me questionnaires gave out in kindergartens of the Zlín region. I investigate parents knowledge about this issue, side effects and number of children, which are vaccinaciton with optionally vaccines. Methodology: In research was used method of questionnaires. Data were collected from october 2012 to april 2013. Questionnaires were distributed in kindergarten of Zlín region to parents, which have preschool children. Received questionnaires were processed method of frequency analysis. They were divided by age, education, software evaluated Microsoft Office Excel. Results were recorded as...

Student: Michaela Klozová Tutor: PharmDr. Helena Marešová Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Background: This thesis deals with the attitude of Czech parents of preschool children for vaccination. From this perspective, the issue of vaccination was not in the Czech Republic yet rated. The work provides an overview of basic knowledge about vaccination. Aim: The main objective of the study was to assess the attitudes of parents to vaccinate their children, to map their knowledge and experience with vaccination and their views on the legitimacy, efficacy and safety of vaccination in the Czech Republic. The operational objective was to determine what changes would be welcomed in this system. Finally, I was interested in whether parents let children vaccinated beyond the compulsory vaccination. Methods: A targeted survey of parents of preschool children, regardless of age and education. For data acquisition method was used questionnaires. The processing of the results was used a computer program Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The data were subjected to frequency analysis and confidence interval was calculated. The survey was conducted from September 2012 to November 2013 questionnaire was completed by 182 parents...

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Author: Petra Formánková Supervisor: PharmDr. Helena Marešová Title: Parents of the Pre-School Children and Vaccination III. Key words: vaccination, adverse effects, non-compulsory vaccines, immunization calendar Introduction: Vaccination has always been controversial and highly debated issue. There are its supporters, but also strict opponents. However, vaccination is still the most effective and most economical form of fight against various diseases. Vaccination annually saves several million lives. Aim: The main aim of my thesis is to evaluate the results obtained from the questionnaires and determine whether respondents' age or higher education have an impact on the belief in the legitimacy, safety and efficacy of vaccination. Then I watched the risk of adverse effects on the child's sex and the most frequent type of adverse reactions, which occurred after vaccination. The aim was also to determine whether children were vaccinated by non-compulsory vaccines, further as their parents knew about vaccination and what changes in vaccination they desired for their children. Methodology: The research was conducted by questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were distributed to parents of...

Ububele is a resource and training centre located in the greater Alexandra Township of Johannesburg. One of Ububele’s projects, the Ububele Persona Doll project, is a programme that is aimed at developing emotional literacy in pre-school children using a life-size handmade doll in a group setting. This research has sought to explore the use of the Ububele Persona Dolls. The sample consisted of eighteen Grade R children at the Ububele Therapeutic Nursery School and their teacher. They were video recorded during six regular Ububele Persona Doll sessions. The use of the dolls in developing emotional literacy in pre-school children, as well as their potential for use in group therapy was assessed in three different stages. Firstly, the presence of emotional material in the form of emotional adjectives was assessed. The teacher’s response patterns and level of empathy, as well as the effectiveness of the responses in terms of the goals of emotional literacy development were analysed. Lastly, the transcripts were examined for the presence of material, with regard to thematic content that could be used in group therapy. The presence of emotional adjectives suggested that there was useful emotional material present, although the material was mainly brought up by the teacher and the range of the material was limited. The teacher’s responses were most frequently informative, didactive or directive responses and questioning responses. However, she did make use of paraphrases and restatements, reflections and verbal encouragers to a lesser degree. With regards to the empathic levels of the responses, most of the responses involved exact replications of what was said by the child and no empathic responses requiring an understanding of human behaviour were given. The goals of emotional literacy training were all being achieved within the sessions. A number of themes, including physical discipline, abuse and neglect, broken or non-nuclear families, and death and dying, emerged. These themes could be concentrated on by a group facilitator.