Studien utgör ett kandidatarbete som syftar till att ta reda frågeställningen om vad boende föredrar för byggnadskvaliteter i flerbostadshus. Utgångspunkten ligger i begreppet arkitektonisk kvalitet och berör aspekter inom funktion och skönhet. För att frågeställningen skulle kunna besvaras och syftet uppnås i arbetet gjordes en kvantitativ analys i form av en enkät som skickades ut till mäklare i branschen. Mäklarna skulle representera boenden i hushållen och utifrån deras kompetens och erfarenhet ge deras synpunkter på vad boenden kan tänkas föredra för byggnadskvaliteter. Anledningen till att mäklare blev urvalet har att göra med uppsatsens tidsbegränsning. Med tanke på att författaren till studien är visstidsanställd på JM underlättade det att fråga mäklarkollegor om hjälp. Istället för att skicka enkäter till slumpmässiga boenden.Mäklarna ansåg att säkerhet, ljudisolering, dagsljus, klimat och välfungerande kök – och badrum var de viktigaste aspekterna. Förklarningen till det är att boenden föredrar byggnadskvaliteter som underlättar deras dagliga behov och komfort. Efter en sammanställning av resultatet jämfördes resultatet med den tidigare studien som visade på både likheter och skillnader. Olikheterna i resultatet kan tyda på att boenden föredrar olika beroende på vem det är som tillfrågas. Förutsättningar som inkomst, bakgrund, område, målgrupp är exempel på faktorer som har en inverkan på vad en boende föredrar i en bostad. Därför är det särskilt viktigt att utföra marknadsanalyser i områden för att undersöka boendes behov och efterfrågan, och utifrån den informationen bygga framtida bostäder. / The study makes up a bachelor thesis aimed at answering the question of what housing qualities households prefer in multi-family houses. The starting point is the concept of architectural quality and focuses on aspects of function and beauty. In order for the question to be answered and the purpose of the work fulfilled, a quantitative analysis was conducted in the form of a survey sent to real estate agents within the industry. The real estate agents would represent people living in the households and, based on their knowledge and experience give their views on what building qualities people might prefer. The reason why real estate agents were selected has to do with time constraint of the essay. Given that the author of the study is a fixed-term employee at JM, it helped to ask colleagues for help instead of sending surveys to random households.The real estate agents were of the belief that safety, soundproofing, daylight, climate and well-functioning kitchen and bathrooms were the most important aspects. The explanation for it is that households prefer building qualities that facilitate their daily needs and comfort. After a compilation of the results, the results were compared with a previous study which showed both similarities and differences. The differences in the results may indicate that the households prefer different aspects depending on who is asked. Prerequisites such as income, background, living area and target group are examples of factors that affect what a household prefers in a home. Therefore, it is particularly important to conduct market analyzes in areas to investigate housing needs and demand, and based on the information build future housing.

Housing preferences are unique to each individual. Nevertheless, there are certain similarities between the residential needs within the same demographic groups. This research will focus on the students’ housing preferences. The aim is to understand the factors affecting the decision-making process regarding the choice of housing by students in Lublin, Poland. The findings provide guidelines for the future student housing (re)development in the local area. The theoretical concepts used are The Theory of Basic Human Values and The Means-End Chain Theory. They assume that when making decision, the consumer is affected by his/her core values. The research strategy uses qualitative approach. It consists of both primary and secondary data. The first includes conducting interviews with 15 students. The second is based on the literature review and the official documents available at the official local government’s website. The limitations of the research are the bias of authors’ interpretation and exclusion of the students attending smaller, private universities, which may give an inadequate picture for the generalisation of the population. The findings are that the location, finance, privacy continue to be the key determinants in students’ housing choices. Moreover, students value the ability to personalise their rooms and having no noise distractions. They are also attracted to the attributes that improve their sleeping quality. The new generations of students value happiness and have high expectations. Thus, people responsible for the future (re)developments should keep those in mind, when designing the accommodation for students. The implications and guidelines are at the end of each section of data analysis. / Bostadspreferenser är unika för varje individ. Dock, finns det vissa likheter i bostadsbehov inom samma demografiska grupper. Denna studie fokuserar på studenternas boendepreferenser. Syftet är att förstå de faktorer som påverkar beslutsprocessen kring val av bostad för studenter i Lublin, Polen. Resultaten ger ett förslag till framtidsutvecklingen för studentboende i lokalområdet. De teoretiska begreppen som används är Theorin av grundläggande mänskliga värderingar och The Means-End Värdekedja. De innebär att när beslut fattas då påverkas konsumenten av sina grundläggande värden. Forskningsstrategin är baserad på kvalitativ metodologi. Den använder både primär och sekundär data. Den första inkluderar intervjuer med 15 studenter. Den andra baseras på litteraturöversikten och de officiella dokumenten som finns på den offentliga kommunens hemsida. Forskningsbegränsningarna här bias som kommer ifrån författarnas tolkning och resultatet är begränsat med syn på eleverna som går på privata universitet, vilket kan ge inte tillräcklig bild för generaliseringen från den statistiska populationen. Slutsatser är att lokaliseringen, finansieringen och integriteten fortsätter att vara de viktigaste determinanterna i studenternas bostadsval. Dessutom värderar eleverna förmågan att anpassa sina rum på individnivå och inte ha bullerstörningar. De lockas också till de attributen som förbättrar deras sömnkvalitet. De nya studentgenerationerna uppskattar lyckan och har höga förväntningar. Således bör personer som är ansvariga för framtidsutvecklingen tillämpa dem när de utveckla studentboende. Slutsatser och förslaget på de nya riktlinjerna finns i slutet av varje dataanalyskapitel.

Termed corporate associations, consumer corporate brand perceptions influence evaluations of new products made by consumers. Corporate associations are conceptualized as falling within two categories (Brown and Dacin 1997): a corporation may develop a reputation for Corporate Ability (CA) by developing quality products or for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through its corporate commitment to societal obligations. Past research suggests that product-related CA associations lead to more favorable product evaluations than CSR, which is a contextual association that is less product-related. However, past research has been limited to line extensions, which are evaluated in a piecemeal cognitive process. Unlike line extensions, evaluations of brand extensions include an intervening categorization process that determines consumers' evaluative strategies. This research merges the corporate association and brand extension literature streams and, in four studies, contributes to the literature by establishing that brand extension fit moderates the influence of corporate associations on product evaluations. This finding is developed further by demonstrating that both individual differences (self-construal) and brand-related attributes moderate this interaction.

This is a discourse analysis of three WebPages which topic is sexual information. Our purpose is to examine the WebPages RFSL (The Swedish Federation for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Rights), RFSU (The Swedish Association for Sexuality Education) and UMO (Reception for young people) from a queer theoretical perspective and illustrate how they discuss the subjects’ gender, sexual preference and sexual limits. Our questions are; what information about gender, sexual preference and sexual limits are presented on the WebPages RFSU, RFSL and UMO, and what similarities and differences can be identified and how can these be analyzed from a queer perspective? Our material was collected from the three WebPages and categorized according to three topics of interest; gender, sexual preference and sexual limits. Our analyses are based on queer theory and former research in the field. We found a number of topics and interesting information which were categorized under new headlines. Our conclusion is that the topics mentioned on the WebPages are in most of the cases homogenous. On the theme gender we found that the categories man and woman were prominent. In the discussion about gender we found that all three WebPages only wrote about hetero-, homo- and bisexuality. None of the WebPages write about subjects whom concern the theme sexual limits. All WebPages write about hetero norms and are questioning them.

Researchers in human resource management (HRM) have long been concerned with the attraction and retention of organizational members (Breaugh, 1992; Rynes, 1991; Vroom, 1966). However, as the U.S. work force has become more diverse (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000), the need to consider how issues of cultural diversity are related to the recruitment process has become increasingly important. For example, although past research has investigated relations among individuals' values, personality, and job choice preferences, no research has examined the job choice trade-off preferences of culturally diverse individuals. Moreover, researchers have not examined explicit job choice trade-off preferences involving job and organizational factors, even though expectancy theory-based models of recruitment implicitly suggest that individuals make trade-offs among valent job and organizational factors. Therefore, the purpose of the current research was to examine the relations among individuals' (a) cultural values (power distance, Protestant Ethic-earnings, Protestant Ethic-upward striving), (b) ethnicity (European-American, Hispanic-American), and (c) their job choice trade-off preferences for organizational prestige over pay using Thurstone's (1927, 1931) law of comparative judgment method. Study 1 served as a pilot of the procedure and measures. Based on the results of Study 1, changes were made to improve reliability of measures prior to Study 2. Study 2 tested hypothesized relations among cultural values, ethnicity, and job choice trade-off preferences for organizational prestige over pay. Results from Study 2 showed that power distance cultural values were related positively to job choice trade-off preferences for organizational prestige over pay and that Protestant Ethic-earnings cultural values were related negatively to job choice trade-off preferences for organizational prestige over pay. In addition, Hispanic-Americans were more likely than European-Americans to prefer job choice trade-offs for organizational prestige over pay. However, Protestant Ethic-upward striving cultural values were unrelated to job choice trade-off preferences for organizational prestige over pay. Moreover, ethnicity was unrelated to power distance cultural values, Protestant Ethic-earning cultural values, or Protestant Ethic-upward striving cultural values. Study results suggest that including cultural values and ethnicity in future recruitment research can enhance the understanding of individuals' job choice preferences and provide practitioners with information to attract multicultural job applicants.

This dissertation investigates self-projection (i.e., future and past preferences reasoning) and possible underlying mechanisms [Theory of Mind (ToM), executive function (EF)] in early development. All children were tested in person prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our first objective was to explore preschoolers' understanding that the preferences they may hold in the future (Future Preferences task, adapted from Bélanger, Atance, Varghese, Nguyen, & Vendetti, 2014; Experiment 1), and likely held in the past (Past Preferences task; Experiment 2), differ from their current preferences. To do so, we implemented a novel continuous measure of children's preferences (faces rating scale; Kopp et al., 2017; adapted from; Wong & Baker, 1988) in addition to the more standard categorical response measure (item selection) used in children's future preferences reasoning research (Bélanger et al.). In addressing our second objective to investigate children's past preferences reasoning, we designed a new task (Past Preferences task) to complement our Future Preferences task. In Chapter 2 (Experiments 1 & 2), we found 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds' success in reasoning about their future and past preferences generally improved with age. Results from our continuous preferences measure further revealed subtle developments in preschoolers' preferences reasoning not gleaned from our categorical data alone. We found that, around age 4, children demonstrate some understanding that they will prefer child items less and adult items more in the future (as an adult) than they do now and, around age 3, children similarly demonstrate some understanding that they preferred child items less in the past (as a baby) than they do now. While cross-experiment comparison in Chapter 2 revealed asymmetry in preschoolers' preferences reasoning (future, relative to past, preferences reasoning was more challenging), this asymmetry was not replicated in Chapter 3 using a more rigorous within-subjects design. Besides clarification of asymmetry in preferences reasoning, our final objectives were to confirm the relation between preschoolers' reasoning about changes in their future and past preferences and explore possible mechanisms underlying children’s self-projective abilities. In Chapter 3, children's ability to reason about their future and past preferences were significantly correlated - but not after controlling for their receptive language ability. Unexpectedly, we did not find support for asymmetry in children's self-projection abilities; that is, children did not find it more difficult to reason about their future as compared to their past preferences. Finally, children's future and past preferences reasoning were not related to or predicted by their performance on the ToM and EF tasks after controlling for age, language ability, and sex. Taken together, this dissertation provides unique and timely contributions to the literature on self-projection and, specifically, how this capacity develops, as well as children’s reasoning about how preferences change over time.

Background: Digital platforms include various business models and represent a large and growing part of the economy empowered by digitalization. The added value of platforms depends crucially on their user interactions, which is why adopting new users is crucial. In the internationalization process, digital platforms differ from traditional companies because it is not their own presence that matters, but the users’ location.   Problem: To join a digital platform, the size of the existing user base has been discussed as a decisive feature by the literature. This assumption is based on the concept of network effects. However, these can lose their effect when national borders are crossed and/or digital platforms are location-bound. In the overall discussion about digital platforms, the relevant sub-category of digital marketplaces, especially in the B2B area, has not yet been taken into account and no alternatives for the size of the existing user base have been discussed.   Purpose: This study aims to investigate the attractiveness of digital platform attributes for potential international users of digital B2B marketplaces when the latter enter a foreign market.   Research Question: Which attributes and which of their levels do potential users prefer in a cross-border digital B2B marketplace?   Method: The study is a quantitative, inductive research with an exploratory purpose. An internal realist ontology and a positivist epistemology are applied. Data are collected and analyzed by using the traditional rating-based conjoint analysis. Four attributes with two times two and two times three levels are queried in nine company profiles using an Internet survey questionnaire with n = 159.    Conclusion: This study extends the existing literature on digital platforms by capturing identifying characteristics of digital B2B marketplaces and exploring potential users' preferences for such platforms. We conclude a high importance of distance to users who are already active on the platform, as well as the language of the platform. This is followed by the location of active users and rounded off with a lower importance of user verification.

Biometric systems have become increasingly popular for user authentication andidentification across various domains, including smartphones, laptops, financial services,healthcare, and security. These systems offer enhanced security and quickaccess to data, aiming to address the challenges associated with passwords and pins.However, achieving a method that provides a 100% guarantee in all fields and for alldevices remains a challenge. To explore user perceptions on the acceptance of biometricsystems, an online survey was conducted with 99 participants from diversebackgrounds, education levels, ages, and countries. The survey focused on understandingusers’ acceptance of biometric systems based on their experiences and perspectives.Additionally, it aimed to investigate whether demographic factors, suchas age, education, and background, influence user acceptance. The study also comparedthe preferred authentication technique among users with findings from previousstudies. The survey results supported previous research, showing that fingerprinttechnology is the most recommended and preferred method for user authentication,followed by facial recognition. This study sheds light on the growing adoption ofbiometric systems to overcome password-related issues and provides valuable insightsinto user preferences for authentication and identification methods.

In the pursuit of attracting more tourists in a market where competition is growing on a global scale, place branding has become increasingly more common. An underexplored alternative within the place branding literature is place brand ecosystems, and how they can create value for both the place brand itself as well as the tourists that travel there. This thesis aimed to research how a place brand ecosystem can be conceptualised as well as how tourists derive value from viewing a place brand as a place brand ecosystem. The conceptualisation of the place brand ecosystem was conducted through a literature review, leading up to the construction of a conceptual framework. The constructed framework showed that a place brand ecosystem could be conceptualised through interactions between stakeholders, place brand perception, and value co-creation. This framework also set the basis for an interview guide to understand tourist value perception of place brand ecosystems. The data collection was conducted through a set of semi-structured interviews consisting of 11 respondents holding a degree of interest of Arjeplog as a tourist destination.  The results of the data collection showed that tourists saw value in functional attributes being more easily accessible to each other, meaning a place brand ecosystem where stakeholders co-operate will be able to construct their functional attributes more easily. The attributes themselves will differ between places, and the place brand ecosystem must identify their strengths and weaknesses among the stakeholders and adjust accordingly. Furthermore, the place brand ecosystem must manage the brand positioning in relation to the brand image, meaning they must meet the expectations they have set out to market, or the tourists would leave discontent as opposed to if they had travelled there without expectations.

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