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Demencia v Českej republike: vývoj, projekcia a rizikové faktory / Dementia in the Czech Republic: development, projection and risk factorsCséfalvaiová, Kornélia January 2017 (has links)
Doctoral thesis deals with dementia, which social, health and economic impacts are alarming worldwide. Expected dramatic increase in the number of people with cognitive impairment will put high demands on health and social care. Population aging and the increase of elderly persons aged 65+ evoked a need to address this issue, since age is the major risk factor for dementia. Conflicting conclusions of the European and international studies confirm the difficulty of quantifying the disease. Different definitions and measurement methods lead to different results. In the Czech Republic, in comparison with other developed European countries, there is no relevant research on the expected increase in the number of people with dementia or trends and determinants of severe cognitive impairment. Available estimates of the prevalence of dementia in the Czech Republic are based exclusively on the international prevalence studies EURODEM and Eurocode. Dissertation provides an estimate of the number of people with dementia in the Czech Republic to 2050 based on the construction of life tables for demented people. The thesis also includes analysis of risk factors of severe cognitive impairment based on socio-demographic and health variables. This knowledge is very important for the development and maintenance of effective policies and programs responsive to the needs of individuals living with cognitive impairment in the Czech Republic.
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Sociogeografické determinanty rizikového užívání návykových látek u českých adolescentů / Socio-geographic determinants of risky substance use among Czech adolescentsKážmér, Ladislav January 2019 (has links)
The thesis aims at the specific issues of health-related behaviour among the contemporary Czech youth, with particular emphasis on a socio-geographical dimension of the phenomena. In particular, it aims at identification of selected demographic, social, and contextual factors underlying the inequalities in risky substance use among the Czech adolescent population in its complex multilevel perspective. By applying the advanced methodology of multilevel modelling, the author reveals an integral nature of these factors in space and time, and thus contributes to a deeper knowledge on the structures and processes determining the selected forms of risk behaviours. In addition to an integrative multilevel approach, the author derives recommendations for an effective planning and implementation of preventive measures in agenda of the Czech drug policy as well. Key words: adolescence; substance use; prevalence; socio-geographic inequalities; multilevel analysis; Czechia
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Výskyt parazitických mikroorganismů u oslabených a zdravých populací včely medonosné (Apis mellifera ) / The parasitic microorganisms in immunodeficient and healthy population of honebees (Apis mellifra)Bičianová, Martina January 2015 (has links)
Immunodeficient honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies suffer from broad range of parasites including eukaryotic protozoa. Despite this fact, the eukaryotic parasites are still poorly documented in the Czech Republic. The presence of eukaryotic parasites (Nosema ceranae, Nosema apis, Crithidia mellificae and Apicystis bombi) was observed in different apiaries in the Czech Republic. The samples were taken in 9 apiaries in 53 beehives during the 2014/2015 season. From each beehive, 10 adult of honey bees were taken from the peripheral comb in triplicate. DNA was isolated from every sample of honey bees. The parasites were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers. The treatment fall of parasitic mite Varroa destructor was obtained from beekeepers for season of 2014. Crithidia mellificae was detected by 5 types of specific primers (SEF, SER; SSU, SSU rRNA, Cyt b, Tryp cyt b) and positive amplicons were cloned and sequenced. The obtained sequences were compared with GeneBank and showed similarity from 98-100% to sequences of Lotmaria passim (Trypanosomatid). Crithidia mellificae was not detected. L. passim had prevalence of 79,2% and is reported in the Czech Republic for the first time. Primer Tryp-cyt b is recommended for the routine detection of L. passim. Nosema ceranae was...
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Psychosocial fuctors associated with conswnption of alcoholic beverages and tobacco in late adolescents from a privare university in Lima / Factores psicosociales asociados al uso de bebidas alcohólicas y tabaco en adolescentes tardíos de una universidad privada en LimaChau, Cecilia 25 September 2017 (has links)
This paper main objectives are to evaluate the characteristics of tobacco and alcoholic beverage consumption as well as associated psychosocial factors in 466 adolescent freshmen in a private university in Lima.We found life prevalence and current consumption rates are higher for alcohol among male students, being beer the most consumed alcohol beverage than other spirits. The pattern of consumption of these substances is social and recreational. With regard to psychosocial aspects, similarities were found between alcoholic beverages and tobacco consumers and nonconsumers or totally abstemious ones (neither alcohol nor tobacco).Only nine adolescents, out of 466, reported that they had never consumed alcoholic beverages nor tobacco (non-consumers) and eight percent of the sample reported illegal psychoactive substance live prevalence. / Esta investigación tiene como objetivos principales evaluar las características del uso de bebidas alcohólicas y de tabaco, y los factores psicosociales asociados, en adolescentes que cursan el primer año de estudios en una universidad privada en Lima. Los resultados muestran que, entre los varones, la tasa de prevalencia de vida y de uso actual es mayor para el alcohol, siendo la cerveza la más utilizada. El patrón de consumo de las sustancias evaluadas de tipo social y recreativo. En relación a los aspectos psicosociales se encontraron tabaco, y los abstinentes totales o no usuarios de ambas sustancias. De los 466 adolescentes encuestados, sólo nueve reportaron que nunca habían usado bebidas alcohólicas ni tabaco (abstinentes totales o no usuarios) y sólo un ocho por ciento de los encuestados reportó prevalencia de vida de sustancias psicoactivas ilícitas.
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La introducción de la entrevista investigativa videograbada de niños, niñas y adolescentes, víctimas de delitos sexuales en el juicio oral : pugna entre el derecho a defensa del imputado y el interés superior del niñoTorres Hermosilla, Javiera Paz January 2019 (has links)
Memoria para optar al grado de Licenciado en Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales / Esta investigación tratará la introducción de la Entrevista Investigativa Videograbada, realizada a niños, niñas y adolescentes víctimas de delitos sexuales y otros delitos graves, en el juicio oral, como una forma de adecuar el proceso penal en dichos casos, con el objetivo de erradicar la victimización secundaria sufrida por aquél grupo de menores en su paso por el sistema de justicia, especialmente en reemplazo de su comparecencia en juicio, y la posibilidad de que ello vulnere el debido proceso y el derecho a defensa del imputado, en contraposición a la contingente predominancia del interés superior del niño. Esto, en el marco de la reciente publicación de la Ley N° 21.057 en Chile y de la masiva implementación de la Entrevista Investigativa Videograbada en el derecho comparado.
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Trastorno por estrés postraumático en menores que han sufrido maltrato familiar: Directo y exposición a violencia de géneroCastro Sáez, Maravillas 04 April 2011 (has links)
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estimar la presencia del Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) en menores que han sufrido maltrato intrafamiliar crónico y presentan alteraciones psicológicas graves. La muestra está formada por 102 menores entre 8 y 17 años. Se divide en dos grupos: I (64 menores que viven con su familia biológica y han estado expuestos/as a violencia de género) y II (38 menores tutelados/as por la Administración). El instrumento utilizado es el Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) de Foa et al. (2001). Las conclusiones son: los criterios DSM son muy exigentes y no sensibles para detectar TEPT en infancia; es necesario valorar la afectación subsindrómica; el criterio de Evitación es demasiado restrictivo. Si se baja el umbral, tal como propone el DSM-V, se mejora la detección de casos; se encuentra mayor prevalencia de TEPT en chicas; no se hallan diferencias significativas entre grupos de edad ni entre submuestras.
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