Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:57:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CelinaMartinsRamalho2003.pdf: 1534586 bytes, checksum: b83a05f228301b98b772604f8dba9605 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-03T00:00:00Z / The thesis contains the relation between investment in health and economic growth. The revision of the literature in health economics, growth and development is set, and it´s observed that there are no studies on this subject. The expenditure in health, mainly preventive, may represent a kind of investment, as it impacts the productivity. Econometrics models are presented aiming to test the relations between per capita health expenditure and growth, using data from 149 countries. The econometric test results show the positive relation between per capita health expenditure and the productivity of the economies. This result sustains, empirically, the intuition that the investment in preventive health would bring productivity gains to the economy. / Este trabalho mostra a relação entre o investimento em saúde e crescimento econômico. É feita uma revisão da literatura em economia da saúde, crescimento e desenvolvimento e constata-se a ausência deste tipo de estudo na mesma. O gasto em saúde, mormente preventiva, representaria um tipo de investimento, pois teria impacto sobre a produtividade. São apresentados modelos econométricos com o fito de testar as relações do gasto em saúde per capita com crescimento, usando-se uma amostra de 149 países. Os testes econométricos apontam para uma relação positiva entre gastos em saúde per capita e a produtividade das economias. Este resultado sustentaria, empiricamente, a intuição segundo a qual o investimento em saúde preventiva traria ganhos de produtividade para a economia.

M.Cur. (Maternal and Child Nursing Science) / The implementation of the PMTCT programme was conceptualised in 2000. The aim of this study was to determine the views of midwives regarding the implementation of the PMTCT programmes in the public health centres in Soweto. Data was collected from midwives involved in the implementation of PMTCT in antenatal clinics by means of semi-structural interviews. Of the 20 midwives (N=20) interviewed, only five (5) midwives attended formal training. The discussion of the views of midwives regarding the implementation of PMTCT centered around the lack of formal training, lack of resources, lack of infrastructure, negative attitude of the community, lack of budgeting, lack of support by colleagues and poor management support, language barriers in communication and religious beliefs. This study found that midwives need to go for formal training on PMTCT programmes and that more research need to be done in this field. Moreover, the findings from this study have implications for clinical practice. In addition, guidelines were formulated to help midwives and other health care practitioners to implement the PMTCT programmes in antenatal care.

Man sacrifices his health in order to make money. Then he sacrifices money to recuperate his health. (Dalajláma) The wealth of business depends on the health of workers. (Dr Maria Neira, Director, Department of Public Health and Environment, World Health Organization) The aim of the thesis on the topic "KPMG -- a healthy workplace" is to analyze the current state of KPMG as the Company supporting health. The thesis suggest changes to be improved in the future - and a long-term strategic plan. Using the method of analysis of the state were discussed several factors that affect the health of employees in the workplace. The author of the thesis advanced in the analysis through the "Quality Criteria for Healthy Workplace," which were created by the National Health Institute for the title of Health Promoting Enterprise. In conclusion of the thesis the author proposes a health promotion plan (Health Plan) and submits the possible path KPMG might take if it seeks to establish a clear Health Plan which could become a fixed part of the enterprise's business goals and values.

Introduktion En stor del av den svenska befolkningen är sysselsatt och således en del av arbetslivet. Därför är arbetsmiljö en viktig fråga inom folkhälsan. Genom att arbeta förebyggande med hälsofrämjande insatser på arbetsplatser kan således arbetstagarnas hälsa öka och sjukskrivningar av arbetsrelaterade skador minska vilket är en stor ekonomisk fråga för samhället. Syfte Syftet med undersökningen var att granska om och hur den förebyggande insatsen används inom en arbetsplats inom en kommun, samt vilka ytterligare hälsofrämjande faktorer som eventuellt kan avgöra kvaliteten på arbetsmiljön. Metod Den metod som använts i studien är en kvalitativ metod i form av individuella intervjuer med en induktiv ansats. Data analyserades sedan med en innehållsanalys. Resultat Studiens resultat visar på att arbetsmiljön för arbetstagarna inom den valda sektorn för kommunen är god, särskilt den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Utav informanterna var det få som använt insatsen och som visste om insatsen vid dess korrekta namn men samtliga var positivt inställda till insatsen. Diskussion Ett flertal faktorer påverkar arbetsmiljön. På arbetsplatsen är arbetsmiljön god. Insatsen var inte särskilt använd av informanterna. Detta kan dock bero på den goda arbetsmiljön.  Slutsats För att kunna undersöka insatsen och arbetsmiljön på ett generaliserbart och utförligt sätt bör fler studier kring ämnet utföras. Slutsatsen för denna studie var dock att arbetsmiljön generellt var god enligt arbetstagarna och att insatsen inte var särskilt känd eller använd men om arbetstagarna behöver den kommer den att användas. / Introduction A large part of the Swedish population is employed and therefore part of working life. Work environment is an important issue in public health. By working preventively with health-promoting initiatives in the workplace, workers' health can increase and sick leave of work-related injuries decrease, which is a major economic issue for society. Purpose The purpose was to examine whether and how the preventive effort is used within a workplace within the municipality studied and what additional health-promoting factors may possibly determine the quality of the work environment. Method The analysis is based on a qualitative method in form of individual interviews with an inductive approach. Data was analyzed with a content analysis. Results The results show that the working environment for employees in the sector for the municipality is good, especially the psychosocial work environment. Of the informants, few used the initiative and knew about it. However, the attitude towards the initiative was positive. Discussion A number of factors affect the work environment. In the workplace the work environment is good. The initiative was not particularly used by the informants. However, this may be due to the good working environment Conclusion To be able to investigate the initiative and the work environment in a generalizable and detailed way, more studies on the subject should be done. The conclusion was that the working environment was generally good by the employees. The health promotion initiative was nor well known nor much used, but if the employees needed it, it would be used.

The study comprehensively analysed the impact of primary prevention services for reproductive health in the environment within which the adolescents grow towards life skills ecquisition and positive behavior patterning. The availability, accessibility and the effectiveness of adolescents' accompaniment in Soshanguve Township by certain caregivers were assessed. Unstructured observations, review of documents, questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. The results revealed the least support by parents and churches to accompany the adolescents and the inaccessibility of specialised center to the disadvantaged. The continued lack of knowledge and life-skills perpetuated the onset of reproductive problems. The lack of programmes to equip care providers on how to improve communication during care provision was a major setback. There is a great need for the erection of special care centers for adolescents. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

A quantitative, explorative, descriptive contextual study was conducted to determine to what extent the malaria control measures proposed by the Tanzanian government had been implemented by parents of children between the ages 0-5 years who lived in Bukumbi village. Structured interviews were conducted with 40 parents of children who had been admitted for malaria treatment during 2007, and the data analysed by computer. Although respondents had a basic knowledge of preventive measures they did not implement actions preventing the anopheles mosquitoes’ breeding in this tropical area. The vicious cycle of poverty, malaria episodes and lack of proper malaria health education hampered the implementation of control measures such as the spraying of houses with insecticides. Although the government of Tanzania subsidises insecticide treated bed nets the respondents did not maintain these nets and did not renew the insecticide treatment of these nets. The incidence of malaria is unlikely to decline in the Bukumbi village unless all identified factors are addressed. / Health Studies / M.A.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the management of the HIV and AIDS workplace policy at Statistics South Africa (Stats SA). This entailed an assessment of the levels of awareness amongst employees, and an assessment of employees’ knowledge of the policy and its implementation. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to randomly selected employees. It was found that the respondents’ level of awareness of the HIV and AIDS workplace policy at Stats SA was satisfactory. Although some differences were observed, overall it seems that Stats SA was successful in promoting general awareness of its policy and its contents. However, as far as the respondents’ attitudes and opinions relating to the implementation of the policy at Stats SA are concerned, several issues still need to be addressed. / Sociology / M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)

Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Advanced Nursing Science)

Young women working in SMEs are increasingly being affected by HIV and AIDS, and SMEs are expected to respond to HIV and AIDS through workplace policies and programmes. This requires commitment from SMEs to help young women who face various gendered vulnerabilities to HIV and AIDs. The study, whose purpose was to investigate young women workers’ experiences of the HIV and AIDS response of small and medium enterprises in a semi urban area in KwaZulu-Natal, used a qualitative approach and collected data from three SMEs in Pietermaritzburg during the period of the study. Findings of the study indicate that the majority of respondents from all three SMEs agree on experiencing limited or no HIV and AIDS policies and programmes in SMEs. With reference to incomplete or limited responses, two SMEs provide financial assistance for funerals. However, some aspects such as education and awareness, monitoring, management commitment, provision of medical aid, facilitation of peer education, appointment of an HIV officer and more were not evident. Thus recommendations were made on how SMEs should respond, and future research ideas were outlined. / Health Studies / M. A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)

The study comprehensively analysed the impact of primary prevention services for reproductive health in the environment within which the adolescents grow towards life skills ecquisition and positive behavior patterning. The availability, accessibility and the effectiveness of adolescents' accompaniment in Soshanguve Township by certain caregivers were assessed. Unstructured observations, review of documents, questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. The results revealed the least support by parents and churches to accompany the adolescents and the inaccessibility of specialised center to the disadvantaged. The continued lack of knowledge and life-skills perpetuated the onset of reproductive problems. The lack of programmes to equip care providers on how to improve communication during care provision was a major setback. There is a great need for the erection of special care centers for adolescents. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)