Este trabalho avalia os efeitos do aumento da proporção de alunos de 1ª a 4ª série matriculados em escolas municipais, sobretudo no que concerne à transferência de gestão de algumas escolas estaduais para a administração municipal. Tal processo ocorreu concomitantemente a perda de autonomia fiscal quanto ao direcionamento dos recursos da educação, devido às regras de alocação impostas pelo FUNDEF. Nesse sentido, ainda que a gestão escolar estivesse mais próxima da população, a destinação da maior parte dos recursos ao pagamento de professores em exercício poderia ser contrária às preferências locais. Primeiramente, existem evidências de que o processo de municipalização implicou piora nos indicadores de rendimento, enquanto que as externalidades positivas associadas à alocação de recursos do FUNDEF parecem ter contrabalanceado a perda de autonomia local. Em segundo lugar, existem indicativos de que um componente específico do processo de expansão da gestão municipal, a descentralização das escolas estaduais, esteja associado à queda das taxas de reprovação, após um período de acomodação. Contudo, os resultados sugerem aumento da desigualdade dos resultados educacionais, uma vez que os efeitos positivos concentram-se em municípios com maiores níveis de renda per capita. / This work evaluates the effects of increasing the proportion of students from 1st to 4th grade enrolled in municipal schools, especially regarding the transfer of management of some state schools to the municipalities. This process occurred concurrently with the loss of fiscal autonomy for direction of education resources due to allocation rules imposed by FUNDEF. In this case, even if the school management was closer to the population, the allocation of most resources to pay teachers in practice could be contrary to local preferences. First, there is evidence that increasing the proportion of students from 1st to 4th grade in municipal schools resulted in worsening performance indicators, while positive externalities associated with FUNDEF\'s resources allocation appear to have counterbalanced the loss of local autonomy. Secondly, there are indications that a specific component of the ongoing expansion of municipal management, decentralization of state schools, is associated with the decrease of failure rates after a period of accommodation. However, the results suggest an increase in inequality of educational outcomes, since the positive effects are concentrated in municipalities with higher levels of income per capita.

This research is concerned with the educational process within an outdoor centre involving groups of primary school children. It studies group interaction between the participants in a natural setting by taking a holistic approach, giving an account of their outdoor learning experience in the context of a group. It appears that there is little focus on groups in the outdoors, even though most outdoor programmes involve groups. Most of the research done on groups is quantitative and laboratory based. Such traditional approaches have been challenged, as empirical limitations and theoretical problems have been identified. It is argued that a study of group interactions within a natural environment, such as the outdoor classroom, would allow for a more insightful understanding of the phenomena involved, and it could also shed light on the outdoor educational process, which has been neglected by research in outdoor education. Participant observation and semi-structured interviews were used as part of an ethnographic approach. This enabled the collection of varied data, which resulted in a thick description of the phenomena explored. The findings show that the concept of team building is central to the philosophy of the outdoor centre and of its staff. The activities, which are used as learning tools, are group orientated. Teamwork is seen as essential for the learning experience at the outdoor centre. The study also revealed that the different approaches of the participants influenced the way learning was constructed. The two main themes that have emerged were empowerment and control. The empowering approaches offered support and encouragement to the participants, allowing for collaboration and cooperation to exist between them, which enabled learning to be more effective. The controlling approaches were characterised by a lack of dialogue between the participants, which interfered with the learning experience, by not creating an environment where the participants could work together as a group. A social aspect of learning was thus identified, which emphasised the importance of viewing learning as a joint process. The research shows that a well-designed process does not always result in the participants achieving the ‘desired learning outcomes’. The teachers/facilitators need to be aware of the impact that their approach may have on the learning experience of the participants.

161 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-30T14:19:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Ana Katia Santos.pdf: 983483 bytes, checksum: 057a86b8a9344d316a8ebf2ea207baba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-06-12T15:56:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Ana Katia Santos.pdf: 983483 bytes, checksum: 057a86b8a9344d316a8ebf2ea207baba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-12T15:56:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Ana Katia Santos.pdf: 983483 bytes, checksum: 057a86b8a9344d316a8ebf2ea207baba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Este trabalho investiga questões relativas à Ciência da Educação que edifica o ensino fundamental no contexto baiano, repensando alguns de seus pressupostos. Discute o principal fundamento do projeto epistemológico da modernidade, fazendo crítica à separação sujeito e objeto enquanto organizadora da epistemologia do educador na contemporaneidade, analisando ainda a supervalorização da cognição ou do sujeito “super-racional” hierarquicamente colocado como superior. Neste sentido, abre análise sobre a negação da experiência do sujeito afrodescendente no período da infância, no contexto do Estado da Bahia, visto que o conhecimento por ele produzido na escola é de natureza abstrata e organizado por uma visão moderno-colonialista, na qual a postura etnocêntrica, negadora da alteridade, continua fortalecida. Em contrapartida, possibilita reflexão sobre uma epistemologia crítica que considera o princípio da Reconciliação como tarefa significativa realizada pelos afrodescendentes deste território, articulado a alguns outros princípios validados por esses sujeitos, principalmente os que vivem a experiência das comunidades religiosas de tradição africana, bem como articula a essa leitura a crítica posta pela ontologia heideggeriana para um repensar dos princípios científicos dados em sua construção moderno-ocidental. A metodologia aponta que existem barreiras para a efetivação de uma epistemologia crítica no ensino fundamental: a separação sujeito/objeto como fundamento da Ciência da Educação gera o corte da criança afrodescendente com sua experiência, bem como o olhar distraído dos educadores(as) sobre a realidade; a interpretação realizada pelos educadores(as) sobre a epistemologia genética (mais conhecida entre eles como construtivismo) impulsiona o olhar linear sobre os sujeitos. O biológico é mais importante que o cultural, o social, o político; a intolerância religiosa gera preconceito contra as crianças afrodescendentes na escola; a atual configuração da escola é perversa e dificulta a formação de uma epistemologia crítica, principalmente quando se considera o método, a didática, a partir das condições de formação possibilitadas aos educadores(as). Essas barreiras precisam ser “encaradas” de frente para que possam ser minimizadas e, quem sabe, excluídas do cotidiano escolar. / Salvador

Este trabalho avalia os efeitos do aumento da proporção de alunos de 1ª a 4ª série matriculados em escolas municipais, sobretudo no que concerne à transferência de gestão de algumas escolas estaduais para a administração municipal. Tal processo ocorreu concomitantemente a perda de autonomia fiscal quanto ao direcionamento dos recursos da educação, devido às regras de alocação impostas pelo FUNDEF. Nesse sentido, ainda que a gestão escolar estivesse mais próxima da população, a destinação da maior parte dos recursos ao pagamento de professores em exercício poderia ser contrária às preferências locais. Primeiramente, existem evidências de que o processo de municipalização implicou piora nos indicadores de rendimento, enquanto que as externalidades positivas associadas à alocação de recursos do FUNDEF parecem ter contrabalanceado a perda de autonomia local. Em segundo lugar, existem indicativos de que um componente específico do processo de expansão da gestão municipal, a descentralização das escolas estaduais, esteja associado à queda das taxas de reprovação, após um período de acomodação. Contudo, os resultados sugerem aumento da desigualdade dos resultados educacionais, uma vez que os efeitos positivos concentram-se em municípios com maiores níveis de renda per capita. / This work evaluates the effects of increasing the proportion of students from 1st to 4th grade enrolled in municipal schools, especially regarding the transfer of management of some state schools to the municipalities. This process occurred concurrently with the loss of fiscal autonomy for direction of education resources due to allocation rules imposed by FUNDEF. In this case, even if the school management was closer to the population, the allocation of most resources to pay teachers in practice could be contrary to local preferences. First, there is evidence that increasing the proportion of students from 1st to 4th grade in municipal schools resulted in worsening performance indicators, while positive externalities associated with FUNDEF\'s resources allocation appear to have counterbalanced the loss of local autonomy. Secondly, there are indications that a specific component of the ongoing expansion of municipal management, decentralization of state schools, is associated with the decrease of failure rates after a period of accommodation. However, the results suggest an increase in inequality of educational outcomes, since the positive effects are concentrated in municipalities with higher levels of income per capita.

This theses focuses on how the criminology prevention in the frame of primary school curriculum in Czech republic is organized and what importance do the primary school teachers in Prague attache to it. In the practical part, the theses addresses criminology knowledge, with special focus on bullying at school, Labour and Social Welfare Departement's stratégy on criminology prevention, it's implementation in school subject such as Citizenship Education and Human and it's World (throught comparative analyses of textbooks content), and criminology prevention in workshops of Policy and providers of primary prevention programs (throught comparative analyses of program contents). It also samples some uccessfull criminology prevention programs abroad. In theoretical part, the theses focuses on evaluation qvantitative datas of an exploring coil, which investigated what importance do the primary school teachers in Prague attache to criminology prevention in primary school curicullum and how they evaluate it's organization. As conclusion , some recommendations are mentioned for criminology prevention enhancement within primary school curriculum framework and proposals for further research within issue.

The thesis Project teaching at 1st grade of primary school in the context of regional museum John Amos Comenius, deals with linking subject matter of John Amos Comenius and project teaching, and utilizes the facilities of John Amos Comenius Memorial in Komňa. In the theoretical part are analysed information about the project method, its implementation in the teaching process, the importance and difficulties. The key part is the practical one, which is devoted to the design and realization of the project The footsteps of John Amos Comenius, which was made by pupils of John Amos Comenius Primary School in Komňa. Final projects were exhibited at the Municipal Office in Komňa. The enclosure contains the worksheets, which are intended for further use in the classroom.

The diploma thesis deals with approaches which can be used by a class teacher in relation to a dyslexic student. The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze recommended approaches in relation to such students and their subsequent comparison with practical experience of teachers with whom I had a chance to talk about on this topic. At first, the main issue and the key terms which relate to this problem are clarified in the theoretical part. There is also mentioned how the teacher should behave correctly and what methods should he apply in relation to this student. The practical part is realized by a qualitative research method. On the grounds of accomplished interviews, the approaches of individual teachers are introduced in this part. The key factors which influence work with dyslexic children according to interviewed teachers are also emphasized there. Furthermore, an opinion of an expert on this topic is stated. She gives many useful pieces of advice and recommendations to teachers. Within the interviews, seven key factors which influence work with such students were analyzed. Those factors are: cooperation with student's parents, supportive tools, help, assessment, adaption of teaching to the student with dyslexia, student's personality needs and finally obstacles which make the individual...

En aquesta tesi es fa una valoració dels elements que incideixen en les creences dels mestres d'educació infantil i primària i dels professionals dels EAP respecte la detecció dels alumnes amb altes capacitats i les principals mesures d'intervenció educativa. Els instruments utilitzats són els propis de les metodologies naturalistes i quasi experimentals. L'anàlisi de resultats obtinguts llarg de tres cursos escolars recull les creences dels mestres i EAP a partir de diferents fonts d'informació: entrevistes, descripció de casos, anàlisi de dades, valoració de normativa i dos qüestionaris, un per a mestres i l'altre per a EAP. Els resultats posen en evidència una molt baixa detecció, insuficiència de regulació legal, eines de diagnòstic febles, dispersió documental i falta de formació. Es detecten contradiccions entre les creences i les pràctiques. Finalment es proposa una redefinició del concepte Altes Capacitats-superdotació des dels àmbits de l'eficàcia, del perfil i del rendiment escolar. / In this thesis, the factors influencing the beliefs of the teachers of primary school (pupils of 3-12 years old) and the members of the "EAP" (Psychopedagogy Assessors' Teams) towards the detection of gifted and high capabilities pupils are evaluated. The used instruments are the typical ones of naturalistic methodologies and quasi-experimental. The results obtained during three academic years from different information sources (interviews, description of cases, data analysis, legal regulations and two questionnaires, one for teachers and one for EAP members) are analysed. Results put into evidence a very low detection rate, insufficient legal regulations, weak diagnosis instruments, heterogeneous information in pupils' expedients and lack of teachers formation training. Contradictions are detected between the beliefs of the teachers and their practices at school. Finally, a redefinition of the concept of high capabilities-gifted pupils is proposed from the area of efficiency, of the profile and of the school performance.