The questions: "who becomes a provincial premier?", "what is a premier's career pattern?", and "does selection process make a difference in the type of person that becomes premier?" are answered in this study. A series of 22 political and socio-economic variables was collected for each of the 185 men who have been provincial premiers between July 1, 1867 and July 1, 1987. After the data set was created, analysis by province and party was then performed. The response to "who becomes a provincial premier" shows that premiers are not typical of the electorate that they represent. Provincial premiers, on average, are Protestant lawyers who come to office at age 48.6. These men usually have a post-secondary education, and are born in the province of which they become premier. Three distinct career patterns are found when one answers the question "what is a premier's career pattern?". The first, and most common path, is the replacement of one premier by another while the party is in government. The second path, and the least frequented, is the "comeback" route. This occurs when an individual is in government, goes into the opposition, becomes party leader, and comes back to government as premier. The third path to the premiership is via the post of leader of the opposition. An individual following this path is leader of the opposition party and wins an election to become premier. Each of the 185 premiers followed one of these distinct paths to office. Parliamentary and cabinet experience, years as party leader before becoming premier, duration as premier, and reason for leaving the premiership each vary, when analyzed by path to power. The response to the third question is that the selection process makes a difference in the type of person that becomes premier. Convention chosen premiers, in contrast to caucus chosen premiers, are younger, have more diverse occupational backgrounds, and have less parliamentary and cabinet experience. Convention chosen leaders have a longer duration in office. Comparison of results with parallel studies of Australian state premiers, national party leaders, federal cabinet ministers, and provincial cabinet members, shows that Canadian provincial premiers are unique in their background and career progression. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

Personality, situational and behavioural theories of political leadership fall short of explaining the interaction among the leader, the followers and the environment. In contrast, the transactional approach emphasizes this reciprocal process of social, cognitive and situational influences. Integrative complexity theory provides a framework and a methodology for studying this interaction and its effect on how people process information. This study focuses on the Canadian Prime Ministers as a population of political leaders worthy of investigation. In addition to studying their integrative complexity level, other aspects of value in understanding great leaders were examined. Based on items found in studies of American Presidents (Maranell, 1970; Schlesinger, 1962) the following dimensions were studied: difficulty, activeness, motivation, strength, effectiveness, prestige, innovativeness, flexibility, honesty and overall> accomplishments. Two sets of complexity scores (on prepared and spontaneous materials) were obtained in order to test the question: Whose complexity is being rated in prepared speeches — the writer's or the speaker's? Prepared speech scores came from the Response to the Speech from the Throne texts in Hansard, while spontaneous speech scores were based on extemporaneous responses to informal questions in the House of Commons. Two groups of experts (historians and political scientists) on Canadian leaders were approached for their opinions about the 16 Prime Ministers along the ten dimensions mentioned. An eleventh item was included as a check on the experts' knowledge of each leader. There was no difference between the prepared and spontaneous integrative complexity scores. Except for honesty, there were no correlations between complexity and the 11 dimensions rated by experts. The experts' ratings did not differ as a function of their discipline on 10 of the 11 scales. Only on the amount of information they had about each Prime Minister did the two groups differ. The difficulty of the political issues facing a Prime Minister had an effect on how he was rated on five dimensions: activeness, strength, effectiveness, innovativeness and accomplishments. Based on the four items found to be most predictive of greatness in American Presidents (i.e., strength, prestige, activeness and accomplishments), Canada's five greatest Prime Ministers are: Macdonald, Laurier, Borden, King and Trudeau. Both primacy and recency effects can be seen in these choices. The difficulty of the issues facing a Prime Minister had an impact on 3 of the 4 components contributing to greatness. The 5 Prime Ministers selected as great tended to rate high on the items which correspond to the 3 major dimensions (evaluative, activity, potency) of the semantic differential. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

This study explores the accessibility of prime retail space to start-up retailers from the landlord’s perspective. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree to which prime space is accessible to start-ups retailers. The study also aims to identify the factors influencing start-up access to prime space, the strategies used by start-ups to access prime space and the criteria by which landlords evaluate these start-ups. The study followed an inductive, qualitative approach. Ten in-depth interviews with leasing decision makers were conducted. The interviews were summarised and the data units therein categorised. The categories were then analysed and testable propositions were developed from these emergent categories. By applying analytic induction in light of the theory base, a set of explanatory models were derived. The study finds that prime retail space is not easily accessible by start-ups. However, it also provides a deeper understanding of the context in the form of a set of explanatory models for the phenomena observed. Armed with this understanding, start-ups can modify their approach and vastly improve their access to prime space. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

English Prime is a language prescription advocating the abolition of all forms of the verb “to be” from usage. Such benefits of a “to be”-less form of communication might include an increased appreciation for the essential complexity of reality and the intangibility of certain forms of knowledge. However, to date, no English Prime claims have been rigorously examined in an empirical manner. A program of research systematically assessed individual differences in the use of the verb “to be” to determine their relationship to outcomes described by English Prime scholars. Relations between English Prime violations and the following theoretically relevant measures were examined: dialectical endorsement, temporal nonlinearity, interpersonal complexity, the dialectical self, arrogance, and neuroticism. No support was found for English Prime theory via these measures. Possible reasons for such null results and implications are discussed.

I present a thorough examination of the unconditional deterministic polynomial-time algorithm for determining whether an input number is prime or composite proposed by Agrawal, Kayal and Saxena in their paper [1]. All proofs cited have been reworked with full details for the sake of completeness and readability.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Various properties of integer partitions are studied in this work, in particular the number of summands, the number of ascents and the multiplicities of parts. We work on random partitions, where all partitions from a certain family are equally likely, and determine moments and limiting distributions of the different parameters. The thesis focuses on three main problems: the first of these problems is concerned with the length of prime partitions (i.e., partitions whose parts are all prime numbers), in particular restricted partitions (i.e., partitions where all parts are distinct). We prove a central limit theorem for this parameter and obtain very precise asymptotic formulas for the mean and variance. The second main focus is on the distribution of the number of parts of a given multiplicity, where we obtain a very interesting phase transition from a Gaussian distribution to a Poisson distribution and further to a degenerate distribution, not only in the classical case, but in the more general context of ⋋-partitions: partitions where all the summands have to be elements of a given sequence ⋋ of integers. Finally, we look into another phase transition from restricted to unrestricted partitions (and from Gaussian to Gumbel-distribution) as we study the number of summands in partitions with bounded multiplicities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verskillende eienskappe van heelgetal-partisies word in hierdie tesis bestudeer, in die besonder die aantal terme, die aantal stygings en die veelvoudighede van terme. Ons werk met stogastiese partisies, waar al die partisies in ’n sekere familie ewekansig is, en ons bepaal momente en limietverdelings van die verskillende parameters. Die teses fokusseer op drie hoofprobleme: die eerste van hierdie probleme gaan oor die lengte van priemgetal-partisies (d.w.s., partisies waar al die terme priemgetalle is), in die besonder beperkte partisies (d.w.s., partisies waar al die terme verskillend is). Ons bewys ’n sentrale limietstelling vir hierdie parameter en verkry baie presiese asimptotiese formules vir die gemiddelde en die variansie. Die tweede hooffokus is op die verdeling van die aantal terme van ’n gegewe veelvoudigheid, waar ons ’n baie interessante fase-oorgang van ’n normaalverdeling na ’n Poisson-verdeling en verder na ’n ontaarde verdeling verkry, nie net in die klassieke geval nie, maar ook in die meer algemene konteks van sogenaamde ⋋-partities: partisies waar al die terme elemente van ’n gegewe ry ⋋ van heelgetalle moet wees.

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O objetivo central desse trabalho é entender as reais possibilidades de participação de elementos subliminares no processo de persuasão publicitária. Para isso, o modelo AIDA foi utilizado em conjunto com estudos científicos que evidenciam e esclarecem as reações de um indivíduo exposto a estímulos subliminares utilizados como estímulos preparatórios para a recepção de estímulos conscientes. / The main goal of this research is to clarify the actual limits of subliminal elements in advertising persuasiveness. For that matter, the AIDA model was used combined with scientific studies in order to provide better understading of an individual\'s reaction to subliminal stimuli used as primes for regular, conscious stimuli.