Un débat perdure toujours entre les partisans du relativisme linguistique et ceux qui penchent plutôt pour l’universalisme. Depuis Whorf, plusieurs expériences ont été menées pour déterminer si la langue avait une influence sur l’esprit d’un individu, mais très peu ont porté sur la pragmatique. Je propose d’explorer le relativisme linguistique selon la perspective de la pragmatique du langage. Deux approches théoriques en pragmatique s’opposent sur la question du relativisme : l’ethnopragmatique et la théorie de la pertinence. En utilisant des modèles de l’interaction culturelle en anthropologie, en particulier les idées de Bourdieu et le concept d’assemblage, je démontre que la flexibilité de la théorie de la pertinence permettrait d’y intégrer une composante relativiste, et ce, sans avoir à la dénaturer. Pour illustrer cette possibilité, j’introduis l’Identité Cognitive qui agit comme composante relativiste tout en permettant une interaction avec la pertinence universaliste du modèle. / There is a strong division between those who believe in linguistic relativity and those who tend more towards universalism. Since Whorf, many experiments were conducted to determine how and if language could influence thoughts, but not often they were focussed on pragmatics. I revisit the debate on linguistic relativism by considering pragmatics only. There are two different theoretical models in pragmatics at the time, and they support opposing views on relativism: ethnopragmatics and relevance theory. Using models of cultural interaction from anthropology, in particular the ideas of Bourdieu and the concept of assemblage, I show that relevance theory is flexible enough to be able to incorporate a relativistic component, without having to modify its core principles. To illustrate this necessary transformation, I introduce the Cognitive Identity that could interact with the universalistic relevance of the model and still be relativistic itself.

Un débat perdure toujours entre les partisans du relativisme linguistique et ceux qui penchent plutôt pour l’universalisme. Depuis Whorf, plusieurs expériences ont été menées pour déterminer si la langue avait une influence sur l’esprit d’un individu, mais très peu ont porté sur la pragmatique. Je propose d’explorer le relativisme linguistique selon la perspective de la pragmatique du langage. Deux approches théoriques en pragmatique s’opposent sur la question du relativisme : l’ethnopragmatique et la théorie de la pertinence. En utilisant des modèles de l’interaction culturelle en anthropologie, en particulier les idées de Bourdieu et le concept d’assemblage, je démontre que la flexibilité de la théorie de la pertinence permettrait d’y intégrer une composante relativiste, et ce, sans avoir à la dénaturer. Pour illustrer cette possibilité, j’introduis l’Identité Cognitive qui agit comme composante relativiste tout en permettant une interaction avec la pertinence universaliste du modèle. / There is a strong division between those who believe in linguistic relativity and those who tend more towards universalism. Since Whorf, many experiments were conducted to determine how and if language could influence thoughts, but not often they were focussed on pragmatics. I revisit the debate on linguistic relativism by considering pragmatics only. There are two different theoretical models in pragmatics at the time, and they support opposing views on relativism: ethnopragmatics and relevance theory. Using models of cultural interaction from anthropology, in particular the ideas of Bourdieu and the concept of assemblage, I show that relevance theory is flexible enough to be able to incorporate a relativistic component, without having to modify its core principles. To illustrate this necessary transformation, I introduce the Cognitive Identity that could interact with the universalistic relevance of the model and still be relativistic itself.

Alerting signals often serve to reduce temporal uncertainty by predicting the time of stimulus onset. The resulting response time benefits have often been explained by facilitated translation of stimulus codes into response codes on the basis of established stimulus-response (S-R) links. In paradigms of masked S-R priming alerting signals also modulate response activation processes triggered by subliminally presented prime stimuli. In the present study we tested whether facilitation of visuo-motor translation processes due to alerting signals critically depends on established S-R links. Alerting signals resulted in significantly enhanced masked priming effects for masked prime stimuli that included and that did not include established S-R links (i.e., target vs. novel primes). Yet, the alerting-priming interaction was more pronounced for target than for novel primes. These results suggest that effects of alerting signals on masked priming are especially evident when S-R links between prime and target exist. At the same time, an alerting-priming interaction also for novel primes suggests that alerting signals also facilitate stimulus-response translation processes when masked prime stimuli provide action-trigger conditions in terms of programmed S-R links.

Let R be a non-zero commutative Noetherian ring with unit 1 ≠ 0, a be an ideal of R, and M and N be R-modules. This thesis makes a contribution to the study of generalized local cohomology modules, namely Hia (M;N), with applications for the study of attached primes, torsion product and extension functors, and integral closures and multiplicities relative to Artinian modules. In particular, we obtained results on the following topics: counting the number of non-isomorphic top generalized local cohomology modules, conditions to finiteness, cofiniteness, artinianess and representability of generalized local cohomology modules, torsion product and extension functors applied to R-modules, and conditions to equality between some types of integral closures and multiplicities. / Sejam R um anel Noetheriano comutativo com unidade 1 ≠ 0, a um ideal de R e M e N módulos sobre R. Nessa tese, fazemos contribuições ao estudo dos módulos de cohomologia local generalizada, a saber Hia (M;N), com aplicações ao estudo dos ideais primos anexados de R, funtores torção e extensão, e fecho integral e multiplicidades relativos a módulos artinianos. Em particular, estabelecemos resultados nos seguintes temas: contar o número de módulos de cohomologia local generalizados no topo não isomorfos; condições para os módulos de cohomologia local e os funtores torção e extensão aplicados a R-módulos terem características finitas (finitamente gerado, finitos primos associados, etc), serem cofinitos, serem artinianos e serem representáveis; e condições para a igualdade entre tipos de fechos integrais e multiplicidades.

Submitted by LEANDRO RODRIGUES DE CARVALHO null (leandrorodca@gmail.com) on 2016-05-20T19:48:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-Leandro-profmat-2016.pdf: 1207301 bytes, checksum: 3605d67341c1a33446dc9c537f6b735e (MD5) / Rejected by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Foram realizadas suas submissões. Favor submeter novamente apenas uma vez com o arquivo correto. on 2016-05-24T14:34:08Z (GMT) / Submitted by LEANDRO RODRIGUES DE CARVALHO null (leandrorodca@gmail.com) on 2016-05-25T10:37:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-Leandro-profmat-2016.pdf: 1207301 bytes, checksum: 3605d67341c1a33446dc9c537f6b735e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-25T19:03:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_lr_me_rcla.pdf: 1207301 bytes, checksum: 3605d67341c1a33446dc9c537f6b735e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-25T19:03:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_lr_me_rcla.pdf: 1207301 bytes, checksum: 3605d67341c1a33446dc9c537f6b735e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O grande desafio no ensino da matemática, pelo menos no meu ponto de vista como professor nos últimos dez anos, é fazer com que os alunos percebam a importância e a praticidade da matemática em suas vidas. Isso vai além das teorias da Aritmética, Álgebra ou Geometria ensinadas na educação básica. Os alunos precisam perceber que os conceitos matemáticos são ferramentas que os ajudam a compreender o mundo a sua volta. Diante disto, esta dissertação busca apresentar conceitos matemáticos que levam à compreensão da Criptografia: conceitos da Teoria dos Números e da Álgebra. Fazemos ainda, um breve histórico sobre a Criptografia descrevendo a cifra de César e as cifras afins, o Sistema RSA e alguns métodos de troca de chaves. Relatamos alguns trabalhos desenvolvidos pelos estudantes do PROFMAT neste tema e apresentamos uma proposta de atividade para os estudantes do ensino básico. Esta atividade consiste na construção de um kit de encriptação e decriptação utilizando copos descartáveis. Com dinâmicas unindo elementos da Criptografia e o aplicativo Whatsapp, como meio de troca das mensagens criptografadas, motivamos a sala de aula para o aprendizado da Divisão Euclidiana e da Permutação. Além disso, pretendemos despertar nos alunos o interesse em aprofundar-se nos estudos da Matemática, principalmente na Teoria dos Números, já que esta é uma das ferramentas fundamentais no contexto da Criptografia, uma ciência com grande aplicabilidade na atualidade. / The great challenge in teaching mathematics, at least in my point of view as a teacher in the past ten years is to make students understand the importance and practicality of mathematics in their lives. This goes beyond the theories of arithmetic, algebra or geometry taught in basic education. Students need to realize that mathematical concepts are tools that help them understand the world around them. In view of this, this dissertation aims to present mathematical concepts that lead to understanding of cryptography: concepts of number theory and algebra. We also a brief history on the Encryption describing the Caesar cipher and related figures, the RSA system and some methods of key exchange. We report some work done by students PROFMAT this theme and present a proposal activity for students of basic education. This activity consists in building a kit of encryption and decryption using disposable cups. With dynamic linking elements Encryption and Whatsapp application as a means of exchange of encrypted messages, we motivate the classroom for learning Euclidean division and permutation. In addition, we intend to arouse students' interest in deepening the study of mathematics, especially in Number Theory, as this is one of the fundamental tools in the context of cryptography, a science with great applicability today.

Submitted by JULIANA DE FÁTIMA FRANCISCANI null (ifsp.juliana@gmail.com) on 2016-10-28T18:39:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana de Fátima Franciscani.pdf: 3657600 bytes, checksum: dfdbe82d43ba74271de101385cdbbf6e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-03T19:07:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 franciscani_jf_me_ilha.pdf: 3638504 bytes, checksum: 6ca7f15a8be8ef019afd3f8e0ecc1e52 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-03T19:07:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 franciscani_jf_me_ilha.pdf: 3638504 bytes, checksum: 6ca7f15a8be8ef019afd3f8e0ecc1e52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / Com a evolução e difusão do desenvolvimento de equipamentos utilizando microtecnologia e nanotecnologia, circuitos cada vez menores, mais eficientes e que consomem menos energia, são necessários. Os métodos de minimização de funções booleanas tornam-se relevantes por possibilitarem a otimização de circuitos lógicos, através da geração de circuitos que possuam a mesma funcionalidade, porém, minimizados. Estudos na área de minimização de funções booleanas são realizados há muito tempo, e estão sendo adaptados às novas tecnologias. A geração de implicantes primos de uma função booleana é um dos passos para a cobertura dos mintermos da função e, consequentemente, para a obtenção da função de custo mínimo. Neste trabalho, a Primeira Fase do Método de Quine-McCluskey para Funções Booleanas com Múltiplas Saídas (QMM) foi implementada para posterior comparação com os Métodos Propostos GPMultiplo e MultiGeraPlex (baseados na filosofia do algoritmo GeraPlex). Os métodos propostos geram os implicantes primos de uma função booleana com múltiplas saídas e utilizam a operação de consenso iterativo para comparar dois termos. Os resultados obtidos, através da comparação do GPMultiplo, MultiGeraPlex e da Primeira Fase do Método de QMM, puderam comprovar que a aplicação dos métodos propostos torna-se mais viável e vantajosa por permitir menor tempo de execução e uso de memória, menor quantidade de implicantes gerados e de comparações entre os termos. / With the evolution and spread of the development of equipment using microtechnology and nanotechnology, circuits in need are smaller, more efficient and consume less power. Methods of Minimizing Boolean Functions become important as they allow optimization of logic circuits by generating circuits having the same functionality, but minimized. Studies in Minimizing Boolean Functions area are carried out long ago, and are being adapted to new technologies. The generation of prime implicants of a Boolean function is one of the steps for covering the function of the minterms, and consequently to obtain the minimum cost function. In this work, the first phase of the Quine-McCluskey Method for Booleans Functions with Multiple Output (QMM) was implemented for comparison with Proposed Methods GPMultiplo and MultiGeraPlex (based on the philosophy of GeraPlex algorithm). The proposed methods generates the prime implicants of a Boolean Function with Multiple Output and using the iterative consensus operation to compare two terms. The results obtained by comparing the GPMultiplo, MultiGeraPlex and the first phase of the QMM Method, were able to prove that the application of the proposed methods becomes more feasible and advantageous, by allowing smaller execution time, number of implicants and number of comparisons.

Orientador: Alexandre Cesar Rodrigues Silva / Resumo: Com a evolução e difusão do desenvolvimento de equipamentos utilizando microtecnologia e nanotecnologia, circuitos cada vez menores, mais eficientes e que consomem menos energia, são necessários. Os métodos de minimização de funções booleanas tornam-se relevantes por possibilitarem a otimização de circuitos lógicos, através da geração de circuitos que possuam a mesma funcionalidade, porém, minimizados. Estudos na área de minimização de funções booleanas são realizados há muito tempo, e estão sendo adaptados às novas tecnologias. A geração de implicantes primos de uma função booleana é um dos passos para a cobertura dos mintermos da função e, consequentemente, para a obtenção da função de custo mínimo. Neste trabalho, a Primeira Fase do Método de Quine-McCluskey para Funções Booleanas com Múltiplas Saídas (QMM) foi implementada para posterior comparação com os Métodos Propostos GPMultiplo e MultiGeraPlex (baseados na filosofia do algoritmo GeraPlex). Os métodos propostos geram os implicantes primos de uma função booleana com múltiplas saídas e utilizam a operação de consenso iterativo para comparar dois termos. Os resultados obtidos, através da comparação do GPMultiplo, MultiGeraPlex e da Primeira Fase do Método de QMM, puderam comprovar que a aplicação dos métodos propostos torna-se mais viável e vantajosa por permitir menor tempo de execução e uso de memória, menor quantidade de implicantes gerados e de comparações entre os termos. / Mestre

This study describes the English verb ’consider’ and the characteristics of some of its senses. An investigation of this kind may be useful, since a machine translation program, SYSTRAN, has invariably translated ’consider’ with the Swedish verbs ’betrakta’ (Eng: ’view’, regard’) and ’anse’ (Eng: ’regard’). This handling of ’consider’ is not satisfactory in all contexts. Since ’consider’ is a cogitative verb, it is fascinating to observe that both the theory of semantic primes and universals and conceptual semantics are concerned with cogitation in various ways. Anna Wierzbicka, who is one of the advocates of semantic primes and universals, argues that THINK should be considered as a semantic prime. Moreover, one of the prime issues of conceptual semantics is to describe how thoughts are constructed by virtue of e.g. linguistic components, perception and experience. In order to define and clarify the distinctions between the different senses, we have taken advantage of the theory of mental spaces. This thesis has been structured in accordance with the meanings that have been indicated in WordNet as to ’consider’. As a consequence, the senses that ’consider’ represents have been organized to form the subsequent groups: ’Observation’, ’Opinion’ together with its sub-group ’Likelihood’ and ’Cogitation’ followed by its sub-group ’Attention/Consideration’. A concordance tool, http://www.nla.se/culler, provided us with 90 literary quotations that were collected in a corpus. Afterwards, these citations were distributed between the groups mentioned above and translated into Swedish by SYSTRAN. Furthermore, the meanings as to ’consider’ have also been related to the senses, recorded by the FrameNet scholars. Here, ’consider’ is regarded as a verb of ’Cogitation’ and ’Categorization’. When this study was accomplished, it could be inferred that certain senses are connected to specific syntactic constructions. In other cases, however, the distinctions between various meanings can only be explained by virtue of semantics. To conclude, it appears to be likely that an implementation is facilitated if a specific syntactic construction can be tied to a particular sense. This may be the case concerning some meanings of ’consider’. Machine translation is presumably a much more laborious task, if one is solely governed by semantic conditions.

Dans cette étude, nous analysons les instruments d'une lutte efficace contre la corruption affectant l'allocation des marchés publics, dans le contexte d'une démocratie avancée caractérisée par la présence d'une société civile. Nous développons un modèle de décision impliquant deux types d'agents : une entreprise de travaux publics qui possède une information privée sur le coût réel des matériaux de construction qu'elle utilise et un administrateur public, à la solde de l'État, chargé d'auditer les dépenses de l'entreprise. La corruption dans notre modèle correspond à une surévaluation des coûts réels des travaux publics exercés par la firme. Elle peut être, soit l'oeuvre d'un engagement solitaire de la firme dont l'incitation à la corruption puise dans son avantage informationnel, soit alors l'oeuvre d'une coalition regroupant la firme et l'administrateur, si et seulement si ce dernier gagne à être corruptible. Nous adoptons, à cet effet, une approche en jeu coopératif pour résoudre ce modèle de décision. Cela implique, à priori, la caractérisation des contraintes de participation des agents concernés. Pour l'administrateur, en particulier, la décision de faire partie de la coalition n'est optimale que si le gain espéré de cette participation est tout au moins aussi grand que le gain espéré de son incorruptibilité. Pour la firme, la participation à la coalition l'oblige à partager son butin avec l'administrateur, ce qui n'est payant que si l'alternative de s'engager toute seule dans le sentier de la corruption lui impose un plus grand risque d'échec. Une "solution négociée à la Nash" est donc envisagée afin de déterminer le niveau de corruption d'équilibre, ainsi que sa répartition entre les membres de la coalition. La complexité analytique du modèle nous oblige à recourir à des algorithmes pour calculer numériquement cet équilibre. Nous démontrons que, contrairement à la littérature récente qui préconise le renforcement de la société civile comme instrument de lutte contre la corruption, les mesures les plus efficaces de lutte contre la corruption sont celles qui combinent un niveau de qualification élevé pour l'administrateur avec une modeste prime de détection proportionnelle au niveau des fonds publics détournés par la firme lorsqu'elle agit en solitaire. Un administrateur ayant un niveau de qualification élevé diminue l'incitation de la firme à choisir la stratégie solitaire. Une prime de détection proportionnelle au montant détourné par la firme lorsqu'elle agit en solitaire, incite l'administrateur à choisir l'incorruptibilité. Il en résulte donc un impact plus significatif sur l'incidence de la corruption.

Cette thèse est composée de trois articles abordant différentes problématiques en relation avec la modélisation, la couverture et la tarification des risques d’assurance et financiers. “A general class of distortion operators for pricing contingent claims with applications to CAT bonds” est un projet présentant une méthode générale pour dériver des opérateurs de distorsion compatibles avec la valorisation sans arbitrage. Ce travail offre également une nouvelle classe simple d’opérateurs de distorsion afin d’expliquer les primes observées dans le marché des obligations catastrophes. “Local hedging of variable annuities in the presence of basis risk” est un travail dans lequel une méthode de couverture des rentes variables en présence de risque de base est développée. La méthode de couverture proposée bénéficie d’une exposition plus élevée au risque de marché et d’une diversification temporelle du risque pour obtenir un rendement excédentaire et faciliter l’accumulation de capital. “Option pricing under regime-switching models : Novel approaches removing path-dependence” est un projet dans lequel diverses mesures neutres au risque sont construites pour les modèles à changement de régime de manière à générer des processus de prix d’option qui ne présentent pas de dépendance au chemin, en plus de satisfaire d’autres propriétés jugées intuitives et souhaitables. / This thesis is composed of three papers addressing different issues in relation to the modeling, hedging and pricing of insurance and financial risks. “A general class of distortion operators for pricing contingent claims with applications to CAT bonds” is a project presenting a general method for deriving probability distortion operators consistent with arbitrage-free pricing. This work also offers a simple novel class of distortions operators for explaining catastrophe (CAT) bond spreads. “Local hedging of variable annuities in the presence of basis risk” is a work in which a method to hedge variable annuities in the presence of basis risk is developed. The proposed hedging scheme benefits from a higher exposure to equity risk and from time diversification of risk to earn excess return and facilitate the accumulation of capital. “Option pricing under regime-switching models: Novel approaches removing path-dependence” is a project in which various risk-neutral measures for hidden regime-switching models are constructed in such a way that they generate option price processes which do not exhibit path-dependence in addition to satisfy other properties deemed intuitive and desirable.