Many research studies have investigated the role of the principal in implementing change. Despite the information gleaned from those investigations, principals continue to struggle with initiating, implementing, and sustaining change in their schools. Guiding this narrative inquiry study were theories related to principal leadership, educational change theory, and the theories associated with school culture, with the intent to understand the experiences of principals as they initiated, implemented, and sustained change in their schools. This study explored the challenges and successes principals experienced along with the specific actions that contributed to successful implementation. Five principals from southern Idaho were interviewed. Narratives were co-constructed based on each of the principal's experiences. Polyvocal analysis was used to analyze the data and co-construct the narratives with the participants. Common themes were examined and compared to recent research related to principals implementing change. A cross narrative analysis was used to compare the common themes and actions attributed to the successful implementation of change. Analysis of the data revealed that, among these 5 principals, successful implementation of change was created by obtaining buy-in from staff, building trust, distributing leadership, providing structured time for teachers to learn and collaborate, building capacity through targeted professional development, and seeking input from all stakeholders. These findings will promote social change by helping principals to understand the experiences of other principals with initiating, implementing, and sustaining change. Also, the common themes identified will inform principals on how to successfully implement change that will positively affect students.

A lack of knowledge about the usefulness of a field experience component within the associate principal preparation program for assistant principals drove this study. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the beliefs of system leaders and past participants regarding the usefulness of the field experience component and to examine archival end-of-course survey data from past participants. Constructivism and adult learning theory constituted the conceptual framework. Twelve leaders who were participants or administrators of the program within a large mid-Atlantic school district in the United States were participants. Qualitative data sources included interviews and archival data from the associate principal preparation program. A combination of descriptive and in vivo coding was used to support interpretive analysis. Results indicated the most useful components of the principal preparation program were the experiential nature of the program, opportunity for reflective thinking for participants, benefits of mentoring throughout the field experience, and empowerment felt by participants as they practiced skills learned during the field experience in their first year as principals. Recommendations based on these findings included a lengthened field experience and greater focus on the criteria used to match aspiring principals with mentor principals. Participants also noted fiscal and human capital resources were needed. A related recommendation could be to extend the field experience over 2 years to provide opportunities for associate principals to participate in experiences in the beginning and end of the school year in addition to the middle of the school year experiences provided. This research could provide support for districts interested in assessing the usefulness of their principal preparation programs.

The Production of turkeys comprises an important part of the cash farm income in Utah. In 1951 the cash receipts from turkeys amounted to $13,986,000, or 7.4 percent of the cash income from all farm commodities (4). In the year 1951 Utah ranked seventh in the nation in turkey production (5). The production of turkeys has risen from a humble beginning to one of the important agriculture enterprises in Utah.

This dissertation builds upon stress and burnout research on school leaders by exploring the beliefs and practices regarding well-being and self-renewal of principals identified as successful. This study utilized a 3-fold framework that consisted of mind, body, and spirit, falling under the all-encompassing umbrella of thriving, asserting the three domains work together to support the optimal well-being of the leader. The research questions were as follows: (1) In what ways are principals' well-being and self-renewal supported by principals' personal beliefs and practices, district policies and practices, and educational programs and organizations? (2) To what extent does attentiveness to well-being and practices of self-renewal impact professional success and work satisfaction, and well-being and flourishing? This study included a diverse group of six principals, all identified as successful and all with three or more years of experience as administrators. The case study consisted of mostly interviews with some survey inquiry. The primary method of analysis was holistic descriptive and in vivo coding with loose applications of formal protocols provided by Saldaña (2009). In my final analysis the participant responses were organized into categories and layered into my pre-existing framework of mind, body, and spirit. The findings from the study revealed the current successes and challenges in the personal and professional renewal of principals. The findings yielded implications for research and practice specific to principals, school districts, and principal preparation programs.

Finansiella rådgivare har de senaste åren fått en allt viktigare roll i samhället. Detta till följd av att utbudet av finansiella produkter har ökat samtidigt som produkterna blivit mer komplicerade. Dessutom förväntas privatpersoner ta ett allt större eget ansvar för sin framtida ekonomi. Samtidigt visar undersökningar att kunder upplever att de har bristande ekonomisk kunskap. Tidigare forskning visar att det finns ett agent–principalförhållande mellan rådgivaren och kunden och det ökar risken för att rådgivaren utnyttjar sitt kunskapsövertag. Forskning visar också att kommunikation och meningsskapande är en central del för att rådgivaren och kunden ska förstå varandra i rådgivningsmötet. Däremot saknas det forskning kring rådgivarrollen och hur rådgivaren arbetar – och det är där vårt fokus ligger i den här uppsatsen. Detta fokus leder till vårt syfte: att öka förståelsen för rådgivarrollen idag. För att syftet ska nås har vi använt frågeställningarna "Vilka faktorer påverkar rådgivningsprocessen?” och "Vilka effekter kan dessa faktorer få för rådgivaren respektive kunden?”. Vår studie har haft ett kvalitativt angreppssätt med en deduktiv ansats. Datainsamlingen har bestått av 15 semistrukturerade intervjuer. Dessa genomfördes med Swedsec-licensierade finansiella rådgivare på banker och i fristående organisationer som arbetar mot privatpersoner. Samtliga intervjuer genomfördes fysiskt på plats. Studiens slutsats visade att rådgivarrollen idag är komplex och omfattande och att det finns flera faktorer som påverkar dels rådgivningsprocessen, dels hur rådgivaren arbetar. Faktorer som identifierades var lagar och regler, organisationen, rådgivarens erfarenhet samt kundens förutsättningar. Nyckelord: Finansiella rådgivare, rådgivarrollen, rådgivningsprocessen, agent–principal, meningsskapande, Scotts pelare.

<p>Background: When companies decentralize their operations into profit centers, transfer pricing often becomes an integral part in intracompany trade. A profit center may affect both revenues and costs and seek to maximize profit. Transfer Pricing is a complex subject because it is affected by a large number of factors including the profit centers will to generate profits. This leads us to the subject of decision-making in a transfer pricing-systems. On what grounds are decisions made? Are transfer pricing purposes, factors and interests taken into consideration? What type of information is used in such decisions, how is the transfer price issue perceived and how is it used?</p><p>Aim: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze which type of information that is makes up transfer prices, how the transfer price is perceived by different parties and how it is used for decision-making.</p><p>Completion: A qualitative study has been performed with current theory as a starting point. A total of six interviews have been performed at two different companies.</p><p>Results: The results of our study show that the information found in transfer pricing systems can be divided into five categories; cost-estimate calculations, margins, profit transfers, secure information and insecure information. The study also shows that the principal-agent theory explains the different perceptions that parties in a transfer pricing system experience. We have also found out that information asymmetry is present in transfer pricing systems, and that the network approach explains the design of the cooperation present between entities of a transfer pricing system.</p> / <p>Bakgrund: I samband med att företag decentraliserar sin verksamhet i vinstansvarsområden används ofta internprissättning vid handel inom företaget. Ett vinstansvarsområde kan påverka både intäkter och kostnader och söker maximera sin vinst. Internprissättning är ett komplext ämne därför att det påverkas av ett otal faktorer men även av att en organisations enheter söker maximera sin vinst. Hur tas då beslut i ett internprissystem och på vilka grunder, så att hänsyn tas till syften, faktorer och intressen. Vilken information används i sådana beslut, hur uppfattas den och hur används den?</p><p>Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera vilken information som ligger till grund för internpriser och hur denna information uppfattas och används av aktörer i ett internprissystem.</p><p>Genomförande: En kvalitativ undersökning har genomförts med utgångspunkt i teorin på området. Totalt har sex intervjuer genomförts på två fallföretag.</p><p>Resultat: Vi har kommit fram till att information i internprissystem kan delas upp i fem kategorier; kalkyler, marginaler, vinstförflyttningar, säker information och osäker information. Vi har även kommit fram till att principal-agentteorin förklarar de uppfattningar som förekommer bland olika aktörer i ett internprissystem. Vidare har vi fastställt att informationsasymmetri förekommer i internprissystem, samt att nätverksansatsen förklarar utformningen av samarbetet enheter emellan i ett internprissystem.</p>

<p>The aim of this paper is to see if Sweden has implemented the recommendations and taken notice of the guidelines for employment that the Commission and Council set up every year and from this see the role of the Commission and Council for the national employment politics. The years that I focused on in the paper are year 2000- 2004. The method that is used is a case study research that is exploratory and explanatory. The theoretical starting points are theories about delegation, cooperation and a variation of control and autonomy. This is recognized in the Principal- Agent theory and the Principal- Supervisor-Agent model. The Council and the Commission give recommendations and guidelines every year to the member states that points out what should be done for the employment. The member states can choose to implement the recommendations and guidelines or not. In other words is it not mandatory. The result of the paper is that Sweden has implemented and taken notice of to the recommendations and guidelines that the Council and the Commission gave to Sweden during year 2000- 2004, yet I argue that there have been differences to which extend the implementation has taken place.</p>

Throughout the 1980's, the notion of standards came to the forefront throughout the education world. Groups questioned how to define quality teaching. The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards was developed to meet this need providing a voluntary national certification to identify accomplished teachers. Since its inception, researchers have explored NBPTS. Yet, few studies sought the perspective of critical stakeholders, building principals, in evaluating the effectiveness of the NBPTS process. This study seeks to gain the perspective of those key administrators by comparing their perceptions of the National Board Certified Teachers and non-National Board Certified Teachers on their instructional staff. &lt;br&gt;A portion of this study replicates a study originally conducted by Dr. Robert Alvin Griffin of Auburn University. The current researcher added components exploring the leadership roles of NBCTs and the influence of school location. This study is important in Pennsylvania due to the focus on teacher effectiveness and the link between principal leadership and student achievement. &lt;br&gt;The study revealed a significant difference between principal perceptions of NBCTs and non-NBCTs when considering characteristics connected to the Five Core Propositions of NBPTS: Commitment to Student Learning, Knowledge of Subject Matter and How to Teach It, Management and Assessment of Student Learning, Systematic Thought about Practice, and Membership in Learning Communities. These findings are similar to those in Griffin's study. In terms of leadership, mixed reviews were noted. The majority of respondents indicated that there is no difference in leadership between NBCTs and non-NBCTs on their staff. There were no significant differences noted based upon school location of rural, urban, and suburban. &lt;br&gt;Findings suggest the National Board Certification process is effective and NBCTs are perceived to be more effective than their non-NBCT counterparts in all of the areas assessed on the core survey. However, the leadership piece remains unclear. Most principals perceived NBCTs as engaging in a variety of leadership activities but in generally the same ways and roles as non-NBCTs. There is work to be done by both principals and NBCTs to cultivate the leadership potential of NBCTs and increase the collective expertise of NBCTs in schools. / School of Education / Instructional Leadership Excellence (ILEAD) / EdD / Dissertation

No description available.

The purpose of this essay is to describe how Boverkets Byggregler has affected the cost ofnewly built houses from 2003 to 2012, to Boverkets Vision 2025. The purpose is also to findagent-principal relations in the construction sector.When investing in an energy efficient house the operating costs are reduced compared to aconventional house. But due to the lower operating costs, the investment cost rises. In thisstudy, we find out if it is economically viable to invest in an energy efficient house comparedto a conventional house from the customer's perspective.The study's approach has been qualitatively where we in collaboration with Derome Hus hadaccess to three conventional reference houses and a passive house and data that was necessaryto conduct viability assessments on houses. We conducted five interviews with people fromDeromekoncernen and Varbergs kommun.The calculation methods we have used in this study are present value method, annuity methodand a sensitivity analysis. In the present value method, we have calculated all future cashflows to year zero for a fair and comparable pricing to occur. Annuity method allocates theentire investment cost in equal annual annuities. In the sensitivity analysis, we test differentoutcomes in profitability as a result of change in the future price of electricity and districtheating. The electricity price changes we have used in the sensitivity analysis are a priceincrease of 1%, 2% and 3%. The same goes for the price of district heating. We have assumeda calculation time of 20 years and 50 years, where 20 years is the average time a person livesin the same house in Sweden and 50 years is estimated to be the approximate economiclifetime for a house.The results of the study indicate that passive house is the most economically viable option at acalculation time of 50 years. But at a calculation time of 20 years the reference house from2003 is the most profitable option. A principal-agent relation was also located whereFinansinspektionen and Boverket makes it more difficult for an individual to buy a house. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva hur Boverkets byggregler har påverkat prisbilden förnybyggnation av småhus mellan år 2003 till 2012 och vidare mot Boverkets Vision 2025.Syftet är även att finna de agent-principalsamband som finns inom byggsektorn.Genom att investera i ett mer energieffektivt småhus blir driftskostnaderna mindre jämförtmed ett konventionellt småhus. Men samtidigt som driftskostnaderna blir lägre stigerinvesteringskostnaden. I denna studie tar vi reda på om det är ekonomiskt lönsamt attinvestera i ett energieffektivt småhus jämfört med ett konventionellt småhus utifrån kundensperspektiv.Studiens arbetssätt har varit kvalitativt där vi i samarbete med Derome Hus fått tillgång till 3konventionella referenshus och ett passivhus och de data som var nödvändiga för att utföralönsamhetsbedömningar på husen. Vi har genomfört fem intervjuer med personer frånDeromekoncernen och Varbergs kommun.De beräkningsmetoder vi har använt i studien är nuvärdesmetoden, annuitetsmetoden ochkänslighetsanalys. I nuvärdesmetoden har vi beräknat tillbaks alla framtida kapitalflöden tillår noll för att en rättvis och jämförelsebar prisbild skall uppstå. Annuitetsmetoden fördelarhela investeringskostnaden i lika stora årliga annuiteter. I känslighetsanalysen provar vi olikautfall i lönsamheten till följd av till exempel en förändring i det framtida elpriset. Deelprisförändringar vi har använt i känslighetsanalysen är en prisökning på 1 %, 2 % och 3 %.Detsamma gäller för fjärrvärmepriset. Vi har räknat med en kalkyltid på 20 år och 50 år, där20 år är den genomsnittliga boendetiden i ett hus i Sverige och 50 år beräknas vara denungefärliga ekonomiska livslängden för ett hus.Resultatet i studien visar att passivhuset är det mest ekonomiskt lönsamma alternativet vid enkalkyltid på 50 år. Men vid en kalkyltid på 20 år är referenshuset från 2003 det mestlönsamma alternativet. Ett agent principal-samband lokaliserades också därFinansinspektionen och Boverket gör det betydligt svårare för en privatperson att investera iett småhus.