Since the end of apartheid South Africa has been rebuilding the country with the aim to create a society based on equality. In the rebuilding and formation of a new constitution the aim to build a society based on the principles of sustainable development is evident. Education is an important part in the rebuilding. This thesis is a case study of Nxuba Senior Primary School in the traditionally black township Lingelihle in Eastern Cape. The objective is to analyse how the school management can engage in environmental issues and take the role of promoting values, attitudes and lifestyles for sustainable development to its learners. There are three research questions: What environmental related projects are being done at Nxuba Senior Primary School? How do the school management motivate the projects? How do these projects affect the learners’ environmental awareness and ability to act pro-environmentally? The thesis is based on a field study where school documents were analysed and in-depth interviews with the school management and a questionnaire among the learners were carried out. The theoretical framework that is presented discusses what factors influence sustainable behaviour and what conditions foster pro-environmental behaviour among children. Four environmental related projects are identified at the school; a recycling project, an environmental awareness club, a vegetable garden as well as an indigenous garden and greening of the school. Based on the questionnaire the learners’ attitudes towards environmental issues and their pro-environmental behaviour are examined. In the discussion the motives behind the projects concluded to be a combination of environmental and social motives. The projects are put in relation to Stern’s four factors influencing pro-environmental behaviour and Chawla and Cushing Flanders’ six conditions for fostering pro-environmental behaviour among children.

Syftet med arbetet var att göra ett koncept av en robotcell som kunden skulle presentera för den Europeiska koncernen. Med konceptet som grund skulle koncernen ta ett beslut om de ville investera i en robotcell för att kunna utöka sin produktflora. Ett krav för att tillverka robotcellen var att göra den så flexibel som möjligt eftersom kunden ville producera olika varianter av samma produkt. En simulering i robotstudio blev en grund för en film som visade hur materialet tillverkades i robotcellen och även vilka materialprocesser som ingick vid förädlingen av materialet. Varje koncept började med en ritning i sketch för få en enkel överblick av hur layouten kunde se ut. Därefter bestämdes det om layouten var realistisk och om det skulle bli någon 3D modell av layouten. Under arbetets gång gjordes det ett antal layouter eftersom att nästan varje layout hade brister i flödet eller tillverkningsprocessen. Det svåra var att se var varje layouts brister skulle uppstå så därför fick olika koncept testas för att nå en bra lösning. Arbetet resulterade i ett koncept med tre robotar. I layouten finns det en hängande robot på ett stativ, en så kallad transportbands robot som sköter depalleteringen och palleteringen av materialet. Det finns även två golvstående robotar som sköter monteringen av materialet då de monterar varsin komponent.

This dissertation presents two studies on the value relevance and perceived credibility of pro forma earnings. In the first study, I investigate the value relevance of pro forma earnings relative to two alternative earnings measures GAAP earnings and analysts actual earnings. Value relevance is assessed using two approaches. The first approach examines whether the markets expectations (contemporaneous returns or price) is best reflected in future pro forma earnings, future GAAP earnings, or future analysts actual earnings. The second approach is to determine through pair-wise comparisons of the three earnings measures (e.g., pro forma earnings versus GAAP earnings), which has the greatest explanatory power (comparing adjusted R2s) in explaining price and returns. Across approaches and models, each of the three earnings measures tends to be value relevant. However, Pro forma is consistently the most value relevant, followed by analysts actuals, with GAAP earnings having the least value relevance. That is, pro forma earnings have the greatest information content. This finding is consistent with managers, in aggregate, using pro forma to inform rather than to manage expectations or to mislead. <p>In the second study, I examine the impact of credibility attributes board characteristics, auditor quality and overall information quality on the value relevance of pro forma earnings. It is hypothesized that the credibility attributes will have a statistically significant impact on investors reaction to pro forma earnings. Consistent with the predictions, I find that stronger board characteristics, higher auditor quality and higher overall information quality are positively associated with higher market reaction to the pro forma announcement. That is, credibility attributes increase the value relevance of pro forma earnings. This finding is consistent with some firms providing pro forma earnings that are perceived to be credible and others providing pro formas that are perceived as less credible and possibly provided to manage expectations or to mislead.

This research explores the controversial nature of the pro-anorexia (pro-ana) websites. While previous studies have been conducted on the nature of these websites, it is essential to uncover the motivating factors behind maintaining a pro-ana identity. The purpose of my research is two-fold; a) uncover the definition of the idealized female body within the pro-ana websites, drawing connections between the idealized female body as conceptualized within our current society, and within the pro-ana websites; b) to demonstrate the core values held by pro-ana users that enable them to pursue their goal of achieving the idealized female body. <p> The theoretical framework for this thesis is based upon the work of feminist scholar Susan Bordo. Specifically, her analysis of the idealized female body within Western culture acted as the lens through which pro-ana websites were examined. A five step critical discourse analysis approach put forth by Norman Fairclough was implemented to guide the research and data analysis. Textual data was collected from three different pro-ana websites over the period of one week. In addition to discourse analysis, a brief content analysis was used to distinguish the common themes of posting topics. <p> From the results of the content analysis, the definition of the idealized female body according to the pro-ana users was created. In addition, the three underlying values held by pro-ana users during their pursuit of the idealized body -- discipline, self-surveillance and drive emerged from the data collection and analysis. It is important to distinguish that an underlying need to maintain constant control is present. <p> As the existing literature on this topic is still undergoing development, the results of this study offer key insights into the underlying motivations of those users found within pro-ana websites. It is clear that further research is needed in order to distinguish new and desperately needed approaches to treating eating disorders as they are only becoming more prevalent within society.

ABSTRACT The study is an analysis of the politic debate about the decentralising of the public school between the years 1946 and 1990. The problem that the essay is about to study is which reason made the decentralising take place. The texts that have been read, interpreted and reconstructed are propositions, motions and written debates in the parliament. The purpose of the study is to examine the discussion about the schools decentralising in 1946-1990. The aim is also to examine what kind of pro- and contra arguments that are shown in the debate and who the interveners are and why they made a statement. The result is divided into three parts where education, organisation and financial questions categorize the arguments.   An analysis model, performed by setting pro arguments and contra argument for themselves as Arne Naess model, carries out the model of the analysis.  The results that the study has come up with is that the Government and the Education Committee was the proposal to municipalize school, while the other parties were not in complete agreement. No party clearly said no to the proposal but felt that the proportion was sloppily done and very ambiguous. The reasons that existed for the decentralization was financial, educational and organizational.

Gerenderte Animation von kinematisch gekoppelten Komponenten mit Pro/ENGINEER bzw. Creo zur Produktpräsentation oder auch Montageanleitung

<p>This thesis will focus on how growth in GDP has been allocated among the people in Brazil, during the years of 1976 and 2003. Moreover poverty and inequalities are investigated along with poverty reduction, thus if growth has been pro poor will be presented. The study analyse if growth has benefited the poorest part of the population in Brazil. In addition the regional differences – the southeast and the northeast – are analyzed separately in order to see if there is any difference in the two regions in the agricultural and the industrial sector respectively. This is done to see if there is any correlation between growth and poverty reduction.</p><p>We used a theory by Arthur Lewis who developed a two sector model where only two sectors existed the agricultural and industrial the so called “Lewis organizational dualism”. This model was later to be modified by Gunnar Myrdal and Nicholas Kaldor, who blamed the current situation of every society on “historical accident” where, because of an upward spiral of cumulative causation, urban areas grew and regions in the periphery stagnated.</p><p>We used data that was collected from Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA; Institute of Applied Economic Research) between the periods 1976 – 2003. We found that the income in the poorest part of the population seemed to grow at a much slower past that of the rich. Moreover, measured as by the headcount index – the share of the population that lives under $2 per day – has been reduced over time in total Brazil, but not in the agricultural sector in either region. Surprisingly industrial growth has only been beneficial for the poor in the northern part of the country. Therefore the conclusion is that poverty has not been pro poor in either relative or absolute terms.</p> / <p>Denna uppsats kommer att fokusera på hur tillväxt i Brasilien har blivit distribuerad mellan åren 1976 och 2003. Fattigdom och sociala skillnader undersöks för att se om fattigdomen har minskat, alltså om tillväxten har varit ”pro poor”. Detta analyseras på landsnivå för att sedan brytas ner på två regioner, den sydöstra och den nordöstra, för att lättare kunna jämföra skillnaderna mellan de olika regionera i de två olika sektorer; jordbrukssektorn och den industriella sektorn. Detta är gjort för att se om det finns något samband mellan tillväxt och fattigdoms reducering.</p><p>Vi använde oss av ”Lewis organizational dualism” utvecklad av Arthur Lewis, som består av två olika sektorer, den industriella och jordbrukssektorn. Den kom sedan att revideras av Gunnar Myrdal and Nicholas Kaldor, som hävdade att det samhället som vi lever i idag är skapat av historiska tillfälligheter där de liknade städernas utveckling vid en uppåtgående spiral av ackumulerade tillfälligheter som gör att det fortsätter att växa varvid de regioner i periferin stagnerar eller rent av går tillbaka.</p><p>Vi använde oss av data från Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA; Institutet för tillämpad ekonomisk forskning) mellan åren 1976 – 2003. Våra resultat visade att inkomsten hos de fattigaste väste mycket långsammare än de rikas. Vidare, mätt med måttet ”headcount index” – alltså de som lever under $2 per dag – har reducerats under de åren som vi har undersökt i hela Brasilien. I jordbrukssektorn har fattigdomen inte reducerats alls, verken i den nordöstra eller den sydöstra delen av landet. Det som är förvånansvärt är att fattigomen endast har reducerats i de nordöstra delarna, tack vare industriell utveckling. Därför drar vi slutsatsen att tillväxten i Brasilien inte har varit ”pro poor”, verken i den relativa eller den absoluta bemärkelsen.</p>

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Publikation sind Festigkeitsberechnungen von Maschinen aus der Hütten- und Walzwerkstechnik mit Pro/Mechanica. Erläutert werden die Arbeitstechniken, die bei der Aufbereitung der Modelle zum Einsatz kommen, sowie die genutzten Regelwerke für den Festigkeitsnachweis. Die angeführten Rechenbeispiele stammen allesamt aus der täglichen Praxis der industriellen Nutzung von FE-Methoden im Maschinenbau.

Durch die enge Verknüpfung von Konstruktion, Berechnung und Versuch in Verbindung mit einem mathematischen Ersatzmodell ist es möglich den optimalen Einlasskanal für einen bestimmten Zylinderkopf zu entwerfen.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Patrick Hollis, Florida State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 17, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.