Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T11:04:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_7851_GERALDO BASSANI TESE.pdf: 1512647 bytes, checksum: fea9749b5d3a7938b8fb00cb2de67b89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-18 / Busca compreender, por meio da perspectiva da História da Educação no Espírito Santo, a constituição da Literatura como disciplina escolar, bem como as estratégias de seu ensino, especialmente o uso do texto literário em sala de aula, ou em trabalhos extraclasse. Analisa a narrativa de professoras de Língua Portuguesa e Literatura brasileira, entres as décadas de 1960 e de 1980, época da instituição da Lei 5.692, de 1971, que concebia a educação como instrumento a serviço da racionalidade tecnocrática e desenvolvimentista. Lança mão, além das narrativas das professoras, de documentos, da letra da lei, de diretrizes oficiais, e de publicações acadêmicas e didáticas da época; orientando-se, para a análise, nas proposições de Ginzburg (2002,2003,2007), especialmente as noções de multiplicidade de fontes e de relações de força. Entende a produção dos dados e das narrativas a partir do contexto analisado o período de exceção iniciado em 1964. Compõe-se, assim, uma narrativa da História (CERTEAU, 2010), dialogando com as relações entre passado e presente (BLOCH, 2001) e com o valor da narrativa e da experiência elaborado por Benjamin (2012a, 2012b). Considera que a formação acadêmica e de leitura das professoras, bem como sua inserção na cultura e na sociedade, compuseram não só modos de ensinar, como também as escolhas que empreenderam entre autores e obras literárias. Estado de exceção, desenvolvimentismo, movimentos culturais, civismo, moral, assim como tendências educacionais e sociais da época relampejam (BENJAMIN, 2012c) em suas reminiscências, reconfiguradas no presente; revelando as forças que se relacionavam. Apesar da aparente ausência de intervenção direta nas práticas das narradoras, a abordagem da Literatura se processou em redes de forças tecidas por valores próprios acadêmicos, familiares, sociais e ideológicos circulantes no período investigado , compondo critérios que, sob essa tensão, enquanto selecionam, também excluem autores e obras do espaço escolar. Conflui para considerar as contribuições, para o homem e para a História (CALVINO, 1993), que a Literatura, como forma de reconfiguração da verdade (CALVINO, 2012), pode trazer; redimensionando para ela uma missão (SEVCENKO, 2003).

The study aims to investigate the social worker's experiences of working with cases supported by LVU, with a focus on challenges and handling of these challenges. Furthermore, a rela-tional perspective was adopted to examine how social workers experience the relationship and alliance with the client in LVU cases. The study was performed within a qualitative, semi-structured interview format. The inter-views were conducted with social workers making decisions within matters regarding chil-dren and youths, with support from LVU. Five social workers from four different units in three central Swedish localities participated in the study. Thematic analysis utilizing previous research alongside the theoretical concept’s street-level bureaucracy, discretion, and alliance, was applied to analyze the collected material. The results showed a professional role characterized by complexity in the form of difficult assessments due to time restraints and limited discretion. Further affecting is the duality of making assessments and decisions concerning the lives of others, whilst establishing a neces-sary relation to succeed in the active client work. Furthermore, the results show that a rela-tional approach is also applicable in compulsory care matters.

Abstract Software process assessment and improvement came under the spotlight in the discussion of software engineering when the Software Engineering Institute published the maturity model for software process capability determination in 1987. Since then, several new approaches and standards have been developed. This thesis introduces a European software process assessment and improvement methodology called BOOTSTRAP, which was initially developed in an ESPRIT project starting from lean and kaizen philosophy. The focus is on the evolution of methodology and how it was developed, using an experimental research approach. The work covers also enhancements to the methodology investigated in the SPICE, PROFES and TAPISTRY projects. The enhancements expand the original methodology into new specific application areas, keep it compliant with new quality standards and certification, improve the efficiency of the assessment method, enhance the focus from process to product and strengthen improvement monitoring and support. To address these areas, the new BOOTSTRAP methodology releases offer tailored and enhanced assessment reference models and enhanced assessment and improvement methods. The new features also facilitate more frequent and even continuous assessments with software measurement-based indicators. The thesis explains the origin and features of BOOTSTRAP software process assessment and improvement methodology and how it was developed for professional use. The discussion starts with the evolution of the methodology. Then the new trends and demands are introduced and new features of the BOOTSTRAP methodology described. The conclusion discusses how the methodology developed to be able successfully to support professional software process assessment, to align it with the evolution of software engineering, to adopt the features and requirements of the underlying standards in order to conform to the requirements set by ISO 15504 standard and to become validated in practice. / Tiivistelmä Ohjelmistoprosessin arvioinnista ja parantamisesta tuli ohjelmistotekniikan keskeinen kiinnostuksen kohde kun Carnegie-Mellon yliopiston ohjelmistotekniikan instituutti SEI julkaisi kypsyysmallinsa ohjelmistoprosessin kyvykkyyden arviointiin vuonna 1987. Siitä lähtien maailmalla on syntynyt lukuisa määrä uusia malleja ja standardeja tälle alueelle. Tässä väitöskirjassa esitellään eurooppalainen ohjelmistoprosessin arviointi- ja parantamismenetelmä BOOTSTRAP, joka kehitettiin alun perin Euroopan unionin ESPRIT tutkimusohjelman rahoittamassa projektissa lähtien japanilaisesta ohut-ajattelusta (Lean) ja sen jatkuvan parantamisen periaatteesta (Kaizen). Esitys keskittyy menetelmän kehittymiseen ja siihen miten menetelmä käytännössä kehitettiin käyttäen kokeellista tutkimustapaa teollisessa ympäristössä. Työ kattaa myös alkuperäiseen menetelmään tehdyt laajennukset, jotka syntyivät yhteistyössä SPICE, PROFES ja TAPISTRY projekteissa tehdyn tutkimuksen tuloksena. Tehdyt laajennukset mahdollistavat menetelmän käytön uusilla sovellusalueilla, takaavat menetelmän yhteensopivuuden alan laatu- ja sertifiointistandardien kanssa, parantavat menetelmän tehokkuutta, laajentavat menetelmän käyttöaluetta prosessin arvioinnista sisältämään myös tuotteen kehittämisen arvioinnin ja vahvistavat parantamisen seurantaa ja tukemista. Toteuttaakseen näiden uusien ominaisuuksien vaatimukset uudet BOOTSTRAP menetelmän julkistukset tarjoavat räätälöityjä ja laajennettuja mallikuvauksia arviointien tekemiseksi sekä entistä täydellisempiä lähestymistapoja arviointien suorittamiselle ja parantamiselle. Menetelmän uudet ominaisuudet mahdollistavat myös usein toistuvien arviointien suorittamisen ja jopa jatkuvan arvioinnin ohjelmisto-mittauksia hyödyntäen. Väitöskirjassa kuvataan yksityiskohtaisesti BOOTSTRAP menetelmän lähtö-kohdat ja ominaisuudet ja se kuinka menetelmä onnistuttiin kehittämään ammattimaiseen ohjelmistoprosessin arviointiin ja parantamiseen sopivaksi. Ensin kuvataan menetelmän kehittyminen ja sitten edetään alan uusien kehitystrendien ja vaatimusten esittelyyn siihen kuinka BOOTSTRAP menetelmä uudet ominaisuudet vastaavat näihin vaatimuksiin. Yhteenvedossa osoitetaan kuinka kehittämisessä onnistuttiin saamaan aikaan uusi menetelmä, joka sopii ammattimaiseen ohjelmistoprosessin arviointiin, vastaa kaikilta osin alan kehittymisen vaatimuksia, sisältää alan standardien vaatimukset täyttävät käytännössä koestetut ominaisuudet, jotka takaavat menetelmän vastaavuuden ISO 15504 standardin vaatimuksiin.

Dissertation is focused on the continuing education of teachers in terms of the current legisla-tion of the European Union and the Czech Republic as one of the key adaptive mechanisms that ensure the ability of the education system to adequately respond to the ever changing so-cial conditions in today's globalized world. The theoretical part through the analysis of different theoretical approaches to further education, defines and describes the issue of further education of teachers, the system - specific conditions, areas and its financing. It deals with the areas of the teacher's profession, their competences, career structure and professional standards. The empirical part of this dissertation, based on empirical research, describes the system of further education of teachers both in terms of school managment, and from the perspective of teachers and it maps specific factors affecting the quality of the current further education of teachers. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)