The aim of this study was to obtain a deeper understanding how social workers, who practice public authority in social services, perceive that social services are affected when it takes place in an increasingly digital arena. The chosen method of this study was semistructured interviews held with six social workers from two different municipalities. The gathered material was analyzed using the theory discretion and professional approach. The result showed that digitalization has affected social work. It also entails both benefits and challenges regarding relationships between professionals and clients as well as quality in work. The respondents did see obstacles with the digitalization, the mentioned problems did often concern the challenges of creating relationships and uncertainty with usage of the digital devices related to the legal aspects. Our conclusion was that social workers, by using their discretion and a professional approach, can take advantage of the benefits that digital devices entails to improve the quality of social work. This requires social workers to make assessments based on awareness of the obstacles regarding digital devices in relation to clients’ different conditions.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-05-26T18:38:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Delair Bavaresco_.pdf: 3024386 bytes, checksum: 50186fe339720c9dbc023a2732a8f4ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-26T18:38:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Delair Bavaresco_.pdf: 3024386 bytes, checksum: 50186fe339720c9dbc023a2732a8f4ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-27 / IFRS - Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul / A tese tem por objetivo problematizar a formação de professores de Matemática nos cursos de licenciatura dos Institutos Federais de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs), enfocando essa formação na especificidade do IFRS-Câmpus Bento Gonçalves (RS). Essa problematização abrange a discussão das condições de possibilidade da emergência dos IFs, com reserva de vagas para licenciaturas nas áreas de Matemática e Ciências; a análise dos movimentos institucionais no que concerne ao câmpus Bento Gonçalves do IFRS, associados à implantação de sua licenciatura em Matemática; o exame das enunciações dos estudantes com relação à sua formação acadêmica e perspectivas profissionais; e a configuração de convergências e deslocamentos entre os propósitos da política pública de formação de professores nos IFs e as perspectivas profissionais desses estudantes. Seu argumento principal se expressa pela seguinte afirmação: A política de formação de professores nos IFs, no que diz respeito à licenciatura em Matemática do câmpus Bento Gonçalves do IFRS, tem se mostrado ineficaz, na medida em que os estudantes indicam não ter como perspectiva profissional a docência na Educação Básica, afastando-se, assim, dos propósitos de criação do curso. O material de pesquisa consiste em documentos oficiais publicados pelo Ministério da Educação, especialmente ligados à SETEC; documentos emitidos pelo câmpus Bento Gonçalves do IFRS; dados do IBGE e de outros bancos de dados oficiais; entrevistas realizadas com dois gestores e dois professores da instituição; e entrevistas realizadas com onze estudantes da primeira turma do curso de licenciatura em Matemática do IFRS-BG, que se encontravam em fase de conclusão de sua graduação. Os aportes teóricos que sustentam a investigação estão vinculados às formulações de Michel Foucault, especialmente a noção de governamentalidade. O trabalho investigativo mostrou que: a) os IFs emergem e têm sua configuração institucional definida num cenário de reformas educacionais, desencadeado a partir da LDB de 1996, associado às mudanças sociais e econômicas do país, a partir da década de 1990, o que demandou qualificação da mão de obra da população, desenvolvimento de ciência e tecnologia e formação de professores com ênfase nas áreas de Ciências e Matemática; b) o câmpus Bento Gonçalves do IFRS inicia a formação de professores em convergência com os propósitos da política de criação dos IFs, mesmo que cursos de licenciaturas apresentem descontinuidade com a trajetória institucional de formação técnica profissional. A escolha da habilitação em Matemática foi realizada devido à imposição de prazos reduzidos para sua implementação e limitações estruturais da instituição; c) os estudantes desse curso não consideram como objetivo principal de sua formação a docência na Educação Básica. Suas perspectivas profissionais voltam-se à permanência no mercado de trabalho onde atuam, em atividades não ligadas à educação; e d) as estratégias dos estudantes que buscam a formação superior de licenciatura em Matemática no IFRS-BG apresentam tensionamentos em relação aos propósitos da política de formação de professores dos IFs, uma vez que os interesses e perspectivas profissionais desses estudantes, com raras exceções, não contemplam a carreira docente na Educação Básica. / This thesis aims to problematize Mathematics teacher education in teaching courses offered by Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (IFs) with a specific focus on IFRS-Campus Bento Gonçalves (RS). This problematization comprehends the discussion about the conditions of possibility for the emergence of IFs with a determined number of vacancies for teaching courses in Mathematics and Sciences; the analysis of institutional actions related to the IFRS campus in Bento Gonçalves and associated with the implantation of the Mathematics teaching course; the examination of students utterances about their education and professional perspectives; and the configuration of both convergences and displacements between the purposes of the public policy of teacher education in IFs and the students‟ professional perspectives. Your main argument is expressed by the following statement: The teacher education policy in IFs has been ineffective regarding to Mathematics teaching course from IFRS campus Bento Gonçalves. The students have not shown interest in Elementary School teaching as a professional option, thus diverting from the goals intended for the course. The research material consists of official documents published by the Ministry of Education, particularly those related to SETEC; documents issued by the IFRS Bento Gonçalves campus; data from IBGE and other official databases; interviews with two managers and two professors from the institution; and interviews with 11 students from the first group that were about to finish their undergraduate course in Mathematics in IFRS-BG. The theoretical contributions that have supported this investigation are those linked to Michel Foucault‟s studies, particularly the notion of governmentality. The investigation has shown that: a) IFs emerged and had their institutional configuration defined in a scenario of educational reforms triggered by LDB in 1996, associated with social and economic changes in the country from the 1990s, which required labor qualification, development of science and technology, and teacher education with an emphasis on Sciences and Mathematics; b) IFRS campus in Bento Gonçalves started teacher education in alignment with the purposes of the creation of IFs, despite the discontinuity posed by the teaching courses in the institutional trajectory in technical professional education. Mathematics was chosen due to both the imposition of short deadlines for its implementation and institutional structure limitations; c) the Mathematics students do not regard Elementary School teaching as the main target of their education, and their professional perspectives include keeping their current jobs even though their activities are not related to education; and d) The students strategies for a superior formation in Mathematics teaching course of IFRS – BG present divergence related to the proposes of policy IFs teacher formation, since their interests and professional perspectives, with rare exceptions, do not include the teaching career on Basic Education.

Background: In order to provide good diabetes care it is important for the health care professionals to share patients’ personal understanding of living with diabetes, which differs from a professional understanding of the illness. Patients’ beliefs about health, illness, control and cure are predictive of the outcome of lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatment. Narratives about illness could be used to elucidate what people believe to be central to their experience of an illness and its management. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate experiences of diabetes and diabetes care among people with type 2 diabetes and district nurses responsible for diabetes care within primary health care. Methods: Forty-four patients diagnosed with diabetes during the previous 2 years were interviewed about their personal understanding of illness and experiences of care. They also participated in an intervention study consisting of group sessions during 9 months. The intervention focused on the patients’ understanding of living with diabetes and was directed at the patients and their nurses (n = 5). The outcome variables haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipids, blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) as well as well-being, treatment satisfaction and diabetes symptoms of the intervention group were compared with those in a control group (n = 60). Another ten patients were interviewed about their views of their lives. Seventeen nurses in diabetes care were interviewed about their views of their work with patients. The narrative, thematic interviews and focus group interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Findings: Patients’ personal understanding of illness included the categories “image of the disease”; “meaning of the diagnosis”; “integration of the illness”; “space for the illness”; “responsibility for care”; and “future prospects”. Patients’ narratives about their lives included views of knowledge, and capacity, motivation and courage, aspects important for effective self-management. Patients’ views on clinical encounters in diabetes care, interpreted as satisfying or not, included the themes “being in agreement v. in disagreement about the goals”; “being autonomous and equal v. being forced into adaptation and submission”; “feeling worthy as a person v. feeling worthless”; “being attended to and feeling welcome v. being ignored”; and “feeling safe and confident v. feeling unsafe and lacking confidence”. The results of the intervention study with group sessions showed improvements in metabolic balance and treatment satisfaction in the intervention group. At the 1-year follow-up the mean difference between groups in HbA1c was 0.94% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–1.29). Nurses’ views of their work included the themes “Perspectives on illness and caring are not easily integrated into views of disease and its treatment”; “Nurses view their knowledge as more important than the patients’ knowledge”; Nurses’ conscience is challenged by some of their nursing decisions”; “The individuality of each patient is undermined when patients are regarded as a collective group”; and “Nurses are confirmed in their role of nurses by patients who assume a traditional patient role”. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the understanding of illness and care differs between patients and nurses working in diabetes care; furthermore, that an intervention involving patients and their nurses based on patients’ personal understanding of illness is effective with regard to metabolic control and treatment satisfaction. The cost of the intervention is moderate. Also, we believe that it is possible to clinically implement this intervention within the existing resources for primary health care.

Sekundär traumatisk stress definieras som ett psykiskt tillstånd som uppstår när en individ berörs av en annan individs trauma. Syftet med föreliggande studie var attundersöka socialarbetares kunskap och erfarenheter av sekundär traumatisk stress bland familjehemsföräldrar. Därtill ämnade studien utforska vilken generell kunskap socialarbetare har om sekundär traumatisk stress, vilken förekomst av sekundär traumatisk stress som socialarbetare som arbetar med familjehem ansåg att det fannsbland familjehemsföräldrar samt vilka metoder och potentiella strategier socialarbetare har för att bemöta sekundär traumatisk stress bland familjehemsföräldrar. Studien har en kvantitativ ansats för att samla in data från socialarbetare i Värmlands och Örebro län. Studiens resultat visade att en majoritet av de tillfrågade socialarbetarna: (1) Var bekanta med termen sekundär traumatisk stress. (2) Ansåg att familjehemsföräldrar riskerade att drabbas av sekundär traumatisk stress. (3) Använde vissa strategier och metoder för att bemöta sekundär traumatisk stress hos familjehemsföräldrar, men att majoriteten saknade en empiriskt beprövad metod. / Secondary traumatic stress is defined as the emotional distress that occurs when an individual learns about another individual's trauma. The aim of this research was to investigate what knowledge and experiences social workers have about secondary traumatic stress among foster care parents. It also aims to explore what general knowledge social workers have about secondary traumatic stress, to what extent social workers perceive that secondary traumatic stress occurs among foster care parents and what methods and strategies social workers have for prevention and intervention. The research design uses a quantitative approach to collect data from social workers in the Swedish counties of Värmland and Örebro.The findings of the study were that most of the social workers in the study: (1) Were familiar with the term secondary traumatic stress. (2) Thought that foster care parents were at risk of being affected by secondary traumatic stress. (3) Used certain strategies and methods for prevention and intervention, but that the majority lacked an empirically tested and approved method.

Objective: To explore differences between conventional medicine (COM) and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) regarding the attitude toward and the perceived use of shared decisionmaking (SDM) from the health professional perspective. Methods: Thirty guideline-based interviews with German GPs and nonmedical practitioners were conducted using qualitative analysis for interpretation. Results: The health professional–patient-relationship in CAM differs from that in COM, as SDM is perceived more often. Reasons for this include external context variables (e.g. longer consultation time) and internal provider beliefs (e.g. attitude toward SDM). German health care policy was regarded as one of the most critical factors which affected the relationship between GPs and their patients and their practice of SDM. Conclusion: Differences between COM and CAM regarding the attitude toward and the perceived use of SDM are attributable to diverse concepts of medicine, practice context variables and internal provider factors. Therefore, the perceived feasibility of SDM depends on the complexity of different occupational socialization processes and thus, different value systems between COM and CAM. Practice implications: Implementation barriers such as insufficient communication skills, lacking SDM training or obedient patients should be reduced. Especially in COM, contextual variables such as political restrictions need to be eliminated to successfully implement SDM.

Objective: To explore differences between conventional medicine (COM) and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) regarding the attitude toward and the perceived use of shared decisionmaking (SDM) from the health professional perspective. Methods: Thirty guideline-based interviews with German GPs and nonmedical practitioners were conducted using qualitative analysis for interpretation. Results: The health professional–patient-relationship in CAM differs from that in COM, as SDM is perceived more often. Reasons for this include external context variables (e.g. longer consultation time) and internal provider beliefs (e.g. attitude toward SDM). German health care policy was regarded as one of the most critical factors which affected the relationship between GPs and their patients and their practice of SDM. Conclusion: Differences between COM and CAM regarding the attitude toward and the perceived use of SDM are attributable to diverse concepts of medicine, practice context variables and internal provider factors. Therefore, the perceived feasibility of SDM depends on the complexity of different occupational socialization processes and thus, different value systems between COM and CAM. Practice implications: Implementation barriers such as insufficient communication skills, lacking SDM training or obedient patients should be reduced. Especially in COM, contextual variables such as political restrictions need to be eliminated to successfully implement SDM.