<p>Train transportation is a vital part of the transportation system of today anddue to its safe and environmental friendly concept it will be even more impor-tant in the future. The speeds of trains have increased continuously and withhigher speeds the aerodynamic effects become even more important. One aero-dynamic effect that is of vital importance for passengers’ and track workers’safety is slipstream, i.e. the flow that is dragged by the train. Earlier ex-perimental studies have found that for high-speed passenger trains the largestslipstream velocities occur in the wake. Therefore the work in this thesis isdevoted to wake flows. First a test case, a surface-mounted cube, is simulatedto test the analysis methodology that is later applied to a train geometry, theAerodynamic Train Model (ATM). Results on both geometries are comparedwith other studies, which are either numerical or experimental. The comparisonfor the cube between simulated results and other studies is satisfactory, whiledue to a trip wire in the experiment the results for the ATM do not match.The computed flow fields are used to compute the POD and Koopman modes.For the cube this is done in two regions of the flow, one to compare with a priorpublished study Manhart & Wengle (1993) and another covering more of theflow and especially the wake of the cube. For the ATM, a region containing theimportant flow structures is identified in the wake, by looking at instantaneousand fluctuating velocities. To ensure converged POD modes two methods toinvestigate the convergence are proposed, tested and applied. Analysis of themodes enables the identification of the important flow structures. The flowtopologies of the two geometries are very different and the flow structures arealso different, but the same methodology can be applied in both cases. For thesurface-mounted cube, three groups of flow structures are found. First groupis the mean flow and then two kinds of perturbations around the mean flow.The first perturbation is at the edge of the wake, relating to the shear layerbetween the free stream and the disturbed flow. The second perturbation isinside the wake and is the convection of vortices. These groups would then betypical of the separation bubble that exists in the wake of the cube. For theATM the main flow topology consists of two counter rotating vortices. Thiscan be seen in the decomposed modes, which, except for the mean flow, almostonly contain flow structures relating to these vortices.</p> / QC 20100518 / Gröna Tåget

《序曲》一直以來被視認為華茲華斯的自傳詩，描述華茲華斯如何憑藉自身心靈與自然的互動，發展獨立整合的自我。然而，《序曲》文本結構上的多重性與不完整性，卻與華茲華斯所提倡的自我形象相抵觸。本篇論文將依據德希達的翻譯理論，由三方面探討華茲華斯如何透過書寫《序曲》形塑自身詩人形象的身份認同。首先，寫作《序曲》是華茲華斯的譯者天職 (the task of the translator)。唯有完成書寫《序曲》此一必要卻又不可能的任務 (a necessary and impossible task)，華茲華斯才可確立自己作為詩人的身份認同。再者，華茲華斯的詩人身份仰賴華茲華斯之名的翻譯 (the translation of Wordsworth's proper name)。華茲華斯之名的可譯與不可譯 (the translatability and untranslatability of Wordsworth’s proper name)促使華茲華斯不斷地進行翻譯與改寫，因而造成了《序曲》文本結構上的多重性與不完整性。最後，《序曲》將以華茲華斯的「佚傳」(otobiography) 而非自傳的方式進行重新詮釋，說明華茲華斯企圖透過書寫《序曲》所建立的自我身份認同，必須藉由「他者的耳朵」(the ear of the other)來確立。 / The Prelude has long been regarded as William Wordsworth's autobiographical poem in which he celebrates an autonomous and consistent self nourished from the interaction between his mind and Nature. However, the textual plurality and a sense of incompleteness of The Prelude contradicts the unique and unitary self-identity proposed by Wordsworth in this poem. On the basis of Derrida's theory of translation, this thesis intends to investigate the establishment of Wordsworth's identity as a poet in The Prelude in three aspects. First, the writing and completion of The Prelude is Wordsworth's task of the translator, the necessary and impossible task in search of an identity as a poet. Second, the constitution of Wordsworth's identity as a poet depends on the translation of Wordsworth's proper name which calls for and against translation at the same time. The translatability and untranslatability of Wordsworth's proper name leads to the textual plurality and incompleteness of The Prelude as the result of Wordsworth's endless translation of his name. Last but not least, The Prelude is not so much Wordsworth's autobiographical poem as Wordsworth's otobiography which calls for the ear of the other to constitute his self-identity by hearing and signing with him. This thesis endeavors to prove that Wordsworth, in the position of an indebted translator committed to an insolvent debt and non-dischargeable duty by a translation contract with Nature and Coleridge, is obliged to translate his proper name in search of the sur-vival of his name as a poet and his poetry by writing The Prelude as his otobiography which is always open to and demands the ear of the other to recognize and affirm Wordsworth's name as a great poet.

Les naines brunes sont, en termes de masse, les objets astrophysiques intermédiaires entre les planètes géantes gazeuses et les étoiles de faible masse. Elles se forment de la même manière que les étoiles, par contraction gravitationnelle d’un fragment de nuage de gaz moléculaire ayant atteint la limite de Jeans, mais se différencient par leur incapa- cité à produire les réactions de fusion de l’hydrogène dans leur cœur. Les naines brunes sont par conséquent des objets qui se refroidissent graduellement, et dont les propriétés spectrales évoluent au cours du temps. Ce mémoire présente la recherche de nouvelles candidates de type spectral T tardif et Y, dans le but de compléter le relevé des naines brunes du voisinage solaire. Cette recherche est motivée par deux objectifs principaux. Premièrement, un échantillon com- plet des objets de faible masse est nécessaire pour contraindre correctement la limite aux faibles masses de la fonction de masse initiale des nuages interstellaires, problème clé en astrophysique actuellement. Deuxièmement, les naines brunes de types spectraux tardifs sont les objets stellaires dont les propriétés atmosphériques sont les plus semblables à celles des planètes géantes gazeuses. Par conséquent, la recherche de nouvelles naines brunes permet indirectement d’améliorer nos connaissances des exoplanètes, sans être contraints par la proximité d’étoiles brillantes. À partir du WISE All-Sky Source Catalog, nous avons établi un échantillon de 55 candidates naines brunes répondant aux critères photométriques attendus. Parmi ces can- didates, 17 ont fait l’objet d’un suivi photométrique en bande J à l’Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic, et 9 ont pu être détectées. De ces 9 détections, 4 objets présentent des mouvements propres cohérents avec ceux de naines brunes. / In terms of mass, brown dwarfs are the objects that bridge the gap between giant gaseous planets and low-mass stars. They form in the same way as stars, by gravita- tional collapse of a molecular cloud fragment that reached the Jeans limit, but differ by their inability to produce hydrogen nuclear fusion in their core. As a consequence, brown dwarfs are objects gradually cooling, and their spectral properties evolve over time. This thesis presents the search for new late T and Y dwarf candidates, in order to complete the sample of known brown dwarfs in the solar vicinity. This pursues two main objectives. First, a complete sample of low-mass objects will allow to better con- strain the low-mass edge of the initial mass function of interstellar clouds, currently one of the key problems in astrophysics. Second, late-type brown dwarfs are the stellar ob- jects that have spectral properties most similar to those of giant gaseous planets. As a consequence, the search for new brown dwarfs also aims to increase our knowledge on exoplanets, without being hindered by the glare of a host star. From the WISE All-Sky Source Catalog, we established a sample of 55 brown dwarf candidates having the expected photometric properties. We have been performing a J band follow-up of 17 of these candidates at the Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic, and we detected 9 of them. 4 of these 9 detections present a proper motion that is consistent with those of brown dwarfs.

For repeated transient solutions of geometrically nonlinear structures the numerical effort often poses a major obstacle. Thus, the introduction of a reduced order model, which takes the nonlinear effects into account and accelerates the calculations considerably, is often necessary.This work yields a method that allows for rapid, accurate and parameterisable solutions by means of a reduced model of the original structure. The structure is discretised and its dynamic equilibrium described by a matrix equation. The projection on a reduced basis is introduced to obtain the reduced model. A comprehensive numerical study on several common reduced bases shows that the simple introduction of a constant basis is not sufficient to account for the nonlinear behaviour. Three requirements for an rapid, accurate and parameterisable solution are derived. The solution algorithm has to take into account the nonlinear evolution of the solution, the solution has to be independent of the nonlinear finite element terms and the basis has to be adapted to external parameters.Three approaches are provided, each responding to one requirement. These approaches are assembled to the integrated method. The approaches are the update and augmentation of the basis, the polynomial formulation of the nonlinear terms and the interpolation of the basis. A Newmark-type time-marching algorithm provides the frame of the integrated method. The application of the integrated method on test-cases with geometrically nonlinear finite elements confirms that this method leads to the initial aim of a rapid, accurate and parameterisable transient solution.

In this thesis, I describe and evaluate two recent accounts of naming. These accounts are motivated by Kripke?s response to Russell?s Description Theory of Names (DTN). Particularly, I consider Kripke?s Modal Argument (MA) and various arguments that have been given against it, as well as Kripke?s responses to these arguments. Further, I outline a version of MA that has recently been presented by Scott Soames, and consider how he responds to the criticisms that the argument faces. In order to evaluate the claim that MA is decisive against all description theories, I outline the Nominal Description Theory (NDT) put forth by Kent Bach and consider whether it constitutes a principled response to MA. I do so by exploring how Bach both responds to Kripke?s arguments against descriptivism and highlights the problems with rigid designation as a purely semantic thesis. Finally, I consider the relative merits of the accounts put forth by Bach and Soames. Upon doing so, I argue that MA is not as decisive against description theories as it has long been thought to be. In fact, NDT seems to provide a better account of our uses of proper names than the rigid designation thesis as presented by Kripke and Soames.

An experimental study was designed to investigate the effect of different parameters on the development and structure of turbulent 3D offset jets. The present investigation considered the effects of offset height ratio, expansion ratio, surface roughness and rib placement on the flow dynamics of a turbulent 3D offset jet. The velocity measurements were performed using an acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Measurements were conducted within the symmetry and lateral planes. For the PIV technique, the measurements in the symmetry and lateral planes were conducted over a streamwise range of 0 ≤ x/bo ≤ 80 and 12 ≤ x/bo ≤ 60, respectively (where bo is the nozzle height). Likewise, velocity measurements using the ADV technique were conducted over a range of 4 ≤ x/bo ≤ 45 in both the symmetry and lateral planes. The velocity measurements were analyzed using both one-point and multi-point statistics. The one-point statistics included profiles of the mean velocities, Reynolds stresses and some of the budget terms in the turbulent kinetic energy transport equation. The quadrant analysis technique was used to investigate the dominant events that contribute towards the Reynolds shear stress. The two-point correlation analysis was used to investigate how the turbulence quantities are correlated. Information obtained from the two-point correlation analysis was also used to investigate the inclination of vortical structures within the inner and outer shear layers of the 3D offset jet. The direction of the positive mean shear gradient played an active role in the inclination of these vortical structures within the inner and outer shear layers. The reattachment process resulted in the breakdown of these structures within the developing region. Similarly, various length scales were estimated from these structures. The proper orthogonal decomposition was used to examine the distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy within the offset jet flow. Also, the dynamic role of the large scale structures towards the turbulent intensities, turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress was investigated. / October 2016

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Les naines brunes sont, en termes de masse, les objets astrophysiques intermédiaires entre les planètes géantes gazeuses et les étoiles de faible masse. Elles se forment de la même manière que les étoiles, par contraction gravitationnelle d’un fragment de nuage de gaz moléculaire ayant atteint la limite de Jeans, mais se différencient par leur incapa- cité à produire les réactions de fusion de l’hydrogène dans leur cœur. Les naines brunes sont par conséquent des objets qui se refroidissent graduellement, et dont les propriétés spectrales évoluent au cours du temps. Ce mémoire présente la recherche de nouvelles candidates de type spectral T tardif et Y, dans le but de compléter le relevé des naines brunes du voisinage solaire. Cette recherche est motivée par deux objectifs principaux. Premièrement, un échantillon com- plet des objets de faible masse est nécessaire pour contraindre correctement la limite aux faibles masses de la fonction de masse initiale des nuages interstellaires, problème clé en astrophysique actuellement. Deuxièmement, les naines brunes de types spectraux tardifs sont les objets stellaires dont les propriétés atmosphériques sont les plus semblables à celles des planètes géantes gazeuses. Par conséquent, la recherche de nouvelles naines brunes permet indirectement d’améliorer nos connaissances des exoplanètes, sans être contraints par la proximité d’étoiles brillantes. À partir du WISE All-Sky Source Catalog, nous avons établi un échantillon de 55 candidates naines brunes répondant aux critères photométriques attendus. Parmi ces can- didates, 17 ont fait l’objet d’un suivi photométrique en bande J à l’Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic, et 9 ont pu être détectées. De ces 9 détections, 4 objets présentent des mouvements propres cohérents avec ceux de naines brunes. / In terms of mass, brown dwarfs are the objects that bridge the gap between giant gaseous planets and low-mass stars. They form in the same way as stars, by gravita- tional collapse of a molecular cloud fragment that reached the Jeans limit, but differ by their inability to produce hydrogen nuclear fusion in their core. As a consequence, brown dwarfs are objects gradually cooling, and their spectral properties evolve over time. This thesis presents the search for new late T and Y dwarf candidates, in order to complete the sample of known brown dwarfs in the solar vicinity. This pursues two main objectives. First, a complete sample of low-mass objects will allow to better con- strain the low-mass edge of the initial mass function of interstellar clouds, currently one of the key problems in astrophysics. Second, late-type brown dwarfs are the stellar ob- jects that have spectral properties most similar to those of giant gaseous planets. As a consequence, the search for new brown dwarfs also aims to increase our knowledge on exoplanets, without being hindered by the glare of a host star. From the WISE All-Sky Source Catalog, we established a sample of 55 brown dwarf candidates having the expected photometric properties. We have been performing a J band follow-up of 17 of these candidates at the Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic, and we detected 9 of them. 4 of these 9 detections present a proper motion that is consistent with those of brown dwarfs.

En prenant pour appui initial le caractère équivoque de la communication, cette dissertation interroge les manières par lesquelles la vie en commun prend aussi effet comme œuvre de mort. S’inspirant du renouvellement de la recherche sur le thème de la communauté, l’interrogation se déploie en trois mouvements principaux. Chacun de ces mouvements ouvre et négocie trois grandes impasses : épistémologique, politique et éthique. La recherche propose de s’y frayer un chemin en s’appuyant principalement sur les travaux de Jean-Luc Nancy, Giorgio Agamben et Roberto Esposito. Le premier mouvement ouvre au voilement de l’idée de communication. L’idée de communication est voilée par une idéologie qui hérite elle-même d’une certaine conception humaniste de la communauté. Un examen de l’essai de Pic de la Mirandole Sur la dignité de l’homme permet d’exposer les valeurs associées à cette tradition qui recouvrent le caractère ambivalent de la communication. Ce premier mouvement mène au seuil de la situation politique contemporaine, marquée notamment par la nécessité de penser « notre » condition après la crise des valeurs humanistes. Le deuxième mouvement s’applique à l’examen de trois événements politiques contemporains. Chacun donne à comprendre comment s’exprime le péril associé à ce voilement : la fusillade au Collège Dawson de Montréal en 2006, un incident impliquant l’usage de gaz lacrymogènes lors de manifestations menées en 2013 à la Place Taksim à Istanbul, en Turquie, et une analyse de la crise de la dette publique grecque. L’aporie qui articule communication et incommunicabilité y est examinée à partir des thèmes de l’incommensurabilité des modes de vie en commun, de la biopolitique et du fascisme. Le fait que le péril qui menace de « nous » partager soit encore, malgré tout, ce que « nous » avons en partage invite à avancer là où aucune voie ne semble s’ouvrir. Le troisième mouvement présente les manières par lesquelles l’aporie de la communication peut être saisie en montrant qu’il est possible de penser par delà l’opposition de la communication et de la non-communication. Ce problème est abordé à l’horizon de la tradition philosophique concernant la question de l’être. Le saisissement du commun comme d’un propre — l’appropriation de l’inappropriable — ouvre à une conception de la communication « hors du commun ». Ces trois mouvements ne portent pas jusqu’à une conclusion. Ils ouvrent plutôt sur une autre conception de la communication. Celle-ci expose la possibilité sans cesse reconduite de l’événement fragile et intime dont « nous » sommes le nom. / This dissertation examines the equivocal nature of communication and the ways through which life in common also takes effect a work of death. Inspired by renewed research and interest in the concept of the community, this particular enquiry unfolds in three main movements, which lead to three major impasses: epistemological, political and ethical. As this enquiry reaches the heart of each, the works of Jean-Luc Nancy, Giorgio Agamben and Roberto Esposito suggest ways to maneuver through them. The first movement opens on a concealed dimension of the idea of ​​communication veiled by the humanistic conception of the community. An analysis of Mirandola’s essay Oration on the Dignity of Man allows for an examination of the values ​​associated with this tradition and the ways in which they conceal the ambivalent nature of communication. This first movement proceeds to the cusp of the contemporary political situation, particularly marked by the need to interrogate “our” condition following the crisis of these humanistic values. The second movement initiates an enquiry into three contemporary political events. Each event allows for a further understanding of the perils associated with this concealment: the Dawson College shooting in Montreal in 2006 (Quebec, Canada), an incident involving the use of tear gas during demonstrations in Taksim Square in 2013 (Istanbul, Turkey), and an analysis of the Greek debt crisis. The aporia linking communication and incommunicability is thus examined through the incommensurable dimensions of life in common, of biopolitics and of fascism. That the peril threatening to part “us” from each other is still, despite everything, what “we” share invites forays where no path seems to lead. The third movement points to ways the aporia of communication can be grasped through the possibility to think beyond the opposition of communication and non-communication. The philosophical tradition asking the “question of being” provides the horizon needed to address this problem. The seizing of the common as proper—the appropriation of the inappropriable—opens to an “uncommon” conception of communication. These three movements do not lead to a conclusion. Within this uncommon conception of communication, they rather open on the constant, renewed, possibilities of the fragile even of which “we” bear the name.

Resumé Diplomová práce nese název Nové lexikální jevy v politické publicistice a klade si za cíl poukázat na novotvary, které se vyskytují v textech psané publicistiky. Hlavním tématem práce je slovotvorná a sémantická analýza neologismů a uplatňování slovotvorných prostředků, které se podílejí na vzniku nových slov v českém jazyce. Záměrem mé diplomové práce je prezentovat shromážděný lexikální materiál a dokladovat tak dynamiku lexika a kreativitu české slovotvorby. Pomocí představeného materiálu se v práci poukazuje na lexikální slovotvorná paradigmata jako celky, které mohou spoluutvářet mediální obraz konkrétních politiků. Upozorňuje se také na zvýšené užívání některých nových slovotvorných prostředků v oblasti kompozitního novotvoření a na jejich postupné zakotvování v české slovotvorbě. V neposlední řadě práce představuje šíři propriálních motivantů a možnosti jejich spojitelnosti s různými slovotvornými prostředky. Lexikální materiál pro analýzu nových jazykových jevů byl čerpán především ze současné psané publicistiky, neboť její jazyk a styl je velice proměnlivý a dynamický, v porovnání s jinými funkčními styly je mnohem více svázán se společenskými změnami a bezprostředně na ně reaguje. Pro současnou publicistiku je typická rychlá potřeba nových pojmenování, nejčastěji se jako neologismy...