Prostitucija laikoma viena seniausių pasaulio profesijų, kurios kriminalizavimas pradėtas viduramžiuose, keičiantis visuomenės vertybėms, visuomenės požiūriui į moterį, stiprėjant bažnyčios įtakai. Šiais laikais prostitucija vertinama kaip socialinė daugialypė problema, kurios sprendimo reikia ieškoti jos pačios priežastyse. Toks požiūris į prostituciją suteikia darbui aktualumo, išgryninant jį per legalumo prizmę atskirose valstybėse, pagrindžia poreikį darbe atliktam tyrimui ir, remiantis jo rezultatais, pagrindžia naujumą, kadangi darbe panaudotas 121 literatūros šaltinis, dar apie 50 šaltinių peržvelgtų, tačiau darbe nepanaudotų, neatskleidžia pilnai prostitucijos paplitimo mastų visoje Europos Sąjungoje. Atskiri šaltiniai analizuoja atskirus aspektus, pateikia atskirus žemėlapius, tačiau pateikia tik atskirų valstybių faktus, be jokių jų kitimo dinamikų ir tendencijų, be jokių lyginamųjų analizių. Tai reiškia, kad nėra išsamių tyrimų, analizių viso prostitucijos fenomeno aspektu – pradedant paplitimo mastų žemėlapiais, priežastimis, pasekmėmis, teisinėmis reguliavimo priemonėmis, prevencijos mechanizmais, apie kuriuos mokslininkai atskirose valstybėse kalba itin mažai. Darbo tikslas - charakterizuoti prostituciją kaip nusikaltimą Europos Sąjungos valstybėse. Šio tikslo siekimas leido išanalizuoti prostitucijos kaip reiškinio daugialypiškumą, išskiriant priežastis bei pasekmes, pateikiant jos paplitimo mastus, pažymint, kad net tose valstybėse, kuriose prostitucija yra... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Prostitution is thought to be one of the oldest professions in the world that was started to be criminalized in the Middle Ages after the changes in the societies’ value, attitudes to women, increasing power of churches. Nowadays prostitution is a complex and multiple phenomenons. This problem should be solved looking for the solutions in the causes of prostitution. Such an angle to prostitution reveals the relevance of the theme, making it clear through the legal aspects of this phenomenon in different EU members. The results of the research show that this research is quite new. There were 121 references used and about 50 more articles, books, reports analyzed in this research and the analysis allows concluding that different authors and different organizations research, analyze just the detached facts without any trends, not taking into account the whole phenomenon. That means that there are no comprehensive researches done in this field. The goal of this paper is to characterize prostitution as a criminal activity in the European Union. Seeking this goal allowed analyzing the multiplicity of prostitution, defining the causes and outcomes, presenting the spreading of this phenomenon, showing that prostitution has the elements of criminal activity even in the countries it is legal. The Paper consists of preface, three main parts and conclusions. In the first part of the Paper the theoretical aspects of prostitution are being analyzed. The second part presents the results of... [to full text]

Prostitution is considered to be systematic sexual relations with various partners for a certain payment, which is the only or one of the basic sources and means of subsistence. It is also the usage of facilities given by procurers or people providing the room for prostitution activities. Besides it is a tollage for prostitution to criminal structures. The main reasons determining prostitution: social-economical, cultural- valuables, educational, influence made by negative means of information, commercial reasons, the absence of men’s responsibility concerning prostitution, legitimate reasons.

Prostitution is a large and multifaceted subject. In this study, the purpose is to gain an insight into how the police officers work and act when they get in contact with young prostitutes. The study contains answers and opinions from five police officers which were conducted through semi-structured interviews in this qualitative study. The results were analysed based on a social constructive perspective and Goffman’s stigma theory. According to our result the police work differs depending on which city it is, even though all police stations should be working the same way. All five respondents defined young prostitution similar; they used the legal definition of it. Right now there is a restructuring going on in which 21 police districts are becoming one. When this is through, the respondents think that it will result in more equivalent work, and more room for action.

Studiens syfte var att ta reda på mer om kvinnor i prostitution, främst om processen in och ut ur prostitution. Detta gjordes genom att läsa fyra böcker innehållande biografiskt material, tre böcker var skrivna av författarna själva och den fjärde av två författare som intervjuat prostituerade kvinnor. Empirin analyserades med tematisk analys och genus och stigma användes som teoretiska perspektiv och tolkningsramar. Resultaten visade att faktorer som ekonomi, traumatiska händelser och självhat utgjorde de största anledningarna till att man började prostituera sig och att utträdet ur prostitution var avhängigt faktorer såsom tiden, relationer och samhällets bemötande. Slutsatserna är att det inte är någon särskild personlighetstyp som blir prostituerad utan att det beror på flera samverkande omständigheter, därför är förebyggande insatser viktiga. Det är också lättare att sluta med hjälp av någon, exempelvis professionella aktörer. / The aim of the study was to learn more about women in prostitution, mainly about the process in and out of prostitution. Four books containing biographical material were read, three were written by the authors themselves and the fourth by two authors who interviewed female prostitutes. The empirical study was analyzed with thematic analysis and gender and stigma was used as theoretical perspectives and interpretation frames. The results showed that factors such as economics, traumatic events and self-hatred were the main reasons for entering prostitution, and that exiting prostitution was dependent on factors such as time, relationships and the treatment of society. The conclusion is that it is not a particular personality type that enters prostitution but it being due to several collaborative circumstances, therefore preventive efforts are important. It is also easier to quit with the help of someone, such as professional helpers.

Former studies show that the break-up from prostitution can be seen as a process with several stages which the person has to go through and that there are several factors which can affect the break-up. The aim of this study is to create an understanding for and illustrate how a break-up from prostitution can look like. We have interviewed three ex-prostitutes about their own break-up and three social workers who work with helping individuals to exit prostitution. We have analyzed the material through the theory of exit process by Helen Fuch Ebaugh (1988) and through former studies. All the ex-prostitutes and the social workers in our study described the break-up from prostitution as a process. All our respondents agreed on that there are several different factors affecting a break-up from prostitution, whereof close relationships and the own motivation to make a change are the most significant ones. Formal support from professionals is also considered having an impact on the exit process as well as during the period after the break-up. In summary, the break-up process from prostitution is very complex, can be emotionally exhausting and may vary to a great extent between individuals.

Diss. phil. I Zürich, 2008 (Austausch beschränkt). / Im Buchh.: Marburg : Tectum-Verlag. Literaturverz.

The main goal of this diploma thesis Solution Designs for Each Type of Prostitution is to design particular public policy solution which would be able to regulate prostitution in the area of the Czech Republic, considering different types of prostitution. At first each type of prostitution is described together with typical problems and risks attached to it. Accordingly three approaches to prostitution from legal point of view are compared, including their advantages and disadvantages. Consequently three countries - Germany, Netherlands and Sweden - are described and mutually compared in detail from a perspective of their attitude towards commercial sexual services. Later on, the most important international treaties, current progress of prostitution legal framework and the most relevant actors with their attitudes are introduced. In the main part of this thesis particular solution for each type of prostitution is designed, based on previous findings and knowledge. Purpose of this solution design is to reflect needs of both society and sex workers in such a way that is able to improve the current unsatisfactory situation and maybe to even become a springboard for further regulative measures.

I uppsatsen undersöks en återkommande karaktär inom film, nämligen den prostituerade. Hen sätts här i samband med sin sexköpare och det är runt deras iscensatta relation som genus och en eventuell genusordning diskuteras. Då tidigare studier kring samma ämne främst har fokuserat kring den kvinnliga prostitutionen, ämnar denna studie att jämföra den med den manliga heterosexuella prostitutionen för att kunna skönja vissa genusmönster. Uppsatsen utgår från en hypotes om att de kvinnliga karaktärerna är underordnade de manliga, oavsett roll som sexköpare eller prostituerad.Med hjälp av filmteori om representation, genusteori och andra feministiska perspektiv undersöks relationen mellan sexköparen och den prostituerade som filmkaraktärer i fyra europeiska dramafilmer, som mer eller mindre speglar det europeiska förhållningssättet till prostitution idag. Utifrån dessa fyra filmer har två scener valts ut, som genomgår en närläsning och en analys som diskuterar karaktärernas genus utifrån scenernas foto, mise-en-scéne, ljud och klippning. Detta för att undersöka om karaktärernas genus skildras på ett hierarkiskt sätt. Dels ger analysen en inblick i karaktärernas iscensatta performativitet för att skönja de eventuella könsmässiga skillnader mellan manliga och kvinnliga karaktärers beteende, gester och tal. Dels ger analysen kännedom om att de kvinnliga karaktärerna många gånger skildras som underordnade de manliga, som speglar – inte bara Europas – utan det internationella synsättet på våra könsroller och hur de ska rangordnas. Men analysen redogör också för de undantag i de utvalda scenerna, som visar på ett motsatt förhållande där mannen är underordnad kvinnan, vilket belyser att hypotesen i detta fall är en aning för generaliserande i sin utformning.

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Representations of prostitution are often used to negotiate changing meanings of gender and economy during times of turmoil. This dissertation examines the Brazilian films, O Céu de Suely (2006), Baixio das Bestas (2007) and Deserto Feliz (2008) and two Mexican films El Callejón de los Milagros (1995) and ¿Quién diablos es Juliette? (1996) to better understand how they deal with representations of prostitution in a rapid transition to neoliberalism. In order to better understand this process, I develop a concept called "incomplete resistance." This term connotes the practice of denouncement without indictment. That is, the existence of prostitution and the conditions that compel women to sell sex are lamented, but without identifying the real underlying causes. Additionally, several of the films examined in this dissertation decry the conditions that lead women to be prostituted, but simultaneously encourage the viewer to take pleasure in the process. By contextualizing the films within the changing film industries of Brazil and Mexico, I seek to illuminate the connections between gender, prostitution films and governmentality.