Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2002. / Restricted until October 2003. Bibliography: leaves 199-218.

The aim of this study in social work was to investigate, describe and analyze six Swedish men’s description and experiences of relationships with bargirls in Thailand, whom the men initially paid for sexual services. We also aim to find out how these men look upon prostitu-tion, masculinity and gender and we analyze these themes in relation to the men’s description of their relationships. The theoretical approach was social constructivist theories of masculini-ty in combination with gender theory. The study was conducted using qualitative individual half structured definition interviews with six men living in Thailand and the interviews were conducted in Pattaya, Thailand. The results show that the men’s view of prostitution differs from what they experience in Thailand and that they therefore don’t perceive it as prostitution. This is partly a consequence of their view of masculinity, which includes that the man shall have economic responsibility for women. The men find it harsh to adapt to the gender equali-ty discourse in Sweden and express that they appreciate that the relations with the bargirls consists of separate duties for the sexes.

Prekyba žmonėmis daugiausiai orientuota į seksualinį išnaudojimą bei prostitucijos verslą. Europolo duomenimis, vien į Vakarų Europą kasmet parduodama daugiau kaip po 120 000 moterų ir vaikų. Visos organizacijos, dirbančios su prekybos moterimis aukomis, patvirtina vieną faktą – merginų amžius prostitucijoje jaunėja. Pasitaiko, kad įtraukiamos paauglės merginos, kurių amžius yra 13- 14 metų. Todėl šio darbo tikslas – didinti paauglių merginų sąmoningumą reflektuojant prekybą moterimis ir prostituciją. Siekiant didinti paauglių merginų sąmoningumą, buvo pasirinktas veiklos tyrimas dalyvaujant. Atliekant veiklos tyrimą dalyviai įgalinami per sąmonės augimą. Šis metodas pasirinktas todėl, kad tinka tirti jautrias, su tabu susijusias temas, reikalaujančiomis didesnio pasitikėjimo tyrėju ir kitais grupės nariais, atvirumo diskutuojant. Tyrimo duomenys buvo renkami pasitelkus fokusuotos grupės ir pusiau struktūruoto interviu metodus. Tyrime dalyvavo devynios merginos, 14-15 metų, lankančios gimnaziją. Veiklos tyrimas dalyvaujant, leido giliau pažvelgti į tai, ką paauglės merginos žino apie prekybą moterimis ir kaip jos pačios suvokia prostitucijos keliamus pavojus. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad diskusija ir refleksija grupėje tikrai didina merginų sąmoningumą reflektuojant prekybą moterimis. Dalyvaujamosios veiklos tyrimas suteikė galimybę merginoms įsigilinti į galimus prostitucijos verbavimo būdus, ją skatinančias priežastis, padėjo suvokti pop kultūros daromą įtaką... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Human trafficking mostly focused in prostitution and sexual violence. Some material declare that annually buyable 120 000 women and children in Europe. All organization sustaining one fact, that girl’s age in prostitution is juvenescent. Occurred, that are retractile and girls who age are 13-14 years. Therefore, the aim of this work is to rising girls consciousness reflecting trafficking in women and prostitution. Seeking to raise girl’s consciousness was chosen participatory action research. Participatory action research is a dynamic process that develops from the unique needs, challenges, and learning experiences specific to a given group. This method was chosen because it is very fits study sensitive, with taboo interconnect themes, imperative assurance traces and groups members. Research material was elective using a semi-structuralized interview and focus group methods. Girls are 14 – 15 years old. Participatory action research allow to look up into what girls knows about women trafficking and how they herself conceptualize prostitutions dangers. Research outcomes revealed, that discussion and reflection in group really raising girls consciousness. Participatory action research conferment opportunity girls to plug in prostitution recruitment ways, it’s motivating reasons, helped conceptualize pop culture makes influence and also let conceptualized their consciousness import.

The original impetus for this investigation into prostitution comes from an economic inquiry into one form of work performed largely by women. But as a feminist study, this investigation cannot look simply at the economics of prostitution. Prostitution is both work and sex and an analysis must therefore also explore the question of sexuality, and the nature of sexual relations between men and women. This study seeks to offer a conceptual understanding of prostitution, and in particular, to examine the structural determinants of the sex industry. The analysis is couched within a feminist framework, taking cognisance of the theoretical divisions within feminism itself. The study attempts further to examine the question of policies towards prostitution, an issue which has been brought to the fore by the AIDS pandemic. In so doing, it refers to historical examples of state control of the sex market and draws on feminist challenges to such regulation. These challenges have exposed a fundamental contradiction for feminist praxis between the need both to protect and empower women. In exploring the nature and implications of this contradiction, the investigation looks also at the feminist debate around the censorship of pornography, a debate which highlights the kinds of questions feminists must confront when considering the issue of control. An attempt is made to resolve this contradiction by drawing a distinction between short-term and long-term policies towards prostitution. Although the long-term feminist project is the creation of a society where the structural determinants of the sex market have been eliminated, it is argued that this vision ignores the reality of prostitution and the problems faced by those women who work in the sex industry. Prostitution must be legalised to ensure the rights and protection of prostitutes, but these measures must be complemented by policies that challenge the structural basis of prostitution, and the oppression of women in society in general. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1992.

In this qualitative research, Turkey's nationaJ policy and practice against sex trafficking is explored by looking at the interactions between sex trafficking, prostitution and migration regimes. Turkey has adopted definitions and legislation from the UN Protocol and this research focuses upon how international discourses have been understood and practised in a local context. I refer to feminist critiques of the UN Protocol, and show how Turkey'S national counter-trafficking rhetoric is heavily influenced by prostitution regime based on 'public health' and moral concerns as well as 'irregular' migration on the basis of national security and 'illegal' working. Findings indicate that the framing of sex trafficking as a problem of organised crime rather than as a type of migration obscures the strong connection between sex trafficking and migration. Furthermore, the definition of the phenomenon apart from prostitution obscures the connection between the prostitution regime in Turkey and its effects on sex trafficking. This tendency is especially visible in national legislation and law enforcement, where attempts to distinguish between forced and voluntary prostitution can 're-victimise' trafficked women in different stages of identification and protection mechanisms. Therefore, this study focuses on sex trafficking by showing how prostitution and migration regimes inform and affect the policies and practices against sex trafficking within local settings. It argues that those regimes play an important role in policy and practice against sex trafficking; they weaken the protection system which may cause 're-victimisation' of 'victims' of sex trafficking. This research challenges institutional responses to sex trafficking and makes policy recommendations founded on empirical research. It adds to our understanding of the prostitution regime in Turkey, its effect on trafficking and the needs of trafficked women. It has wider policy implications for other migrant groups, such as migrant domestic workers, who suffer from the same policies and practices in Turkey and the findings are transferable to other countries.

This thesis examines the understanding of prostitution in Cuba. It presents a contrast between the explanation of prostitution before 1959 as caused by structural economic conditions, and the discussion on contemporary prostitution, which is characterized by individualizing definitions. Within the individualizing understanding of contemporary prostitution, ‘jineteras’, Cuban women having sexual relationships with foreign tourist men for economical purposes, are seen to lack morals due to a deficient upbringing. They are also said to represent capitalist values incompatible with the Cuban socialist system. An individualizing definition of prostitution is also reflected in suggestions of ‘reeducation’ of individual jineteras as a solution to decrease prostitution. The understanding of prostitution is analyzed as reflecting a worldview of politically normative categories, within which individuals are defined according to their contribution to society. This worldview is analyzed as a symbolic frame, within which certain categories of thought are shaped. The Cuban ideology of gender equality is analyzed as part of this worldview. It is suggested that gender equality has become normative and that gender has been removed as a category of explanation. The definition of the ideology of gender equality is analyzed as conserving present power relations. The view on prostitution of former times related prostitution to women’s situation in general, which is contrasted with the individualizing understanding of prostitution today. The latter is suggested to ‘degender’ prostitution, and remove an earlier aspect of women’s rights. This is related to the symbolic frame where gender is not available as a category of explanation. Within such a frame, ‘machismo’ can constitute part of the doxic field without being subjected to discussion. It is suggested that an analysis of the understanding of prostitution must disclose the underlying premises of its individualizing definitions.

<p>The United States began to look beyond its continental boundaries and acquire a new, far-flung empire in the late nineteenth century. Two decades later, a national draft and mobilization program brought millions of men into the army when the United States intervened in the First World War. The U.S. Army also experienced several major changes in the first four decades of the twentieth century, including massive growth in the size of the army's forces, changes in the demographics of soldiers and a related effort "Americanize" the army, and increased professionalization and internal reform as the army attempted to improve its performance and increase its standing in the nation. Along with these changes came the efforts of influential Progressive social and moral reformers who sought to reform the U.S. Army and inculcate newly enlisted soldiers with middle-class values and behavior. Over time, army leaders and War Department officials found that they needed to address the perennial set of problems that soldiers' sexual relationships created for the army and its new long-term missions in Asia and Europe. While the U.S Army was initially interested in the sex lives of soldiers primarily for utilitarian reasons, it eventually assumed an institutional interest in cultivating particular kinds of masculine identities for soldiers.</p><p>This dissertation explores how the U.S. Army of the early twentieth century conceived of a host of issues related to sexuality: marriage and family life, prostitution and venereal disease, rape and sexual violence, same-sex sexuality, and conceptions of masculinity, among others. It examines how the army sought to regulate and shape the sexual behaviors of soldiers and the civilians with whom they came into sexual contact. The sexual cultures, practices, and behaviors of soldiers and their partners, along with the U.S. Army's efforts to regulate their sexuality, constitute what it describes as the "sexual economy of war." This dissertation argues that the U.S. Army first attempted to gain control of almost all aspects of soldiers' sexuality and then tried to carefully manage and regulate that sexual economy to best fulfill the army's missions. The army suppressed soldiers' sexual behaviors and expressions that it perceived as running counter to the good of the service or creating inefficiencies. It encouraged those aspects of sexual identity that the army believed benefited the service - for instance, hypermasculine demeanor and actions - eventually purging soldiers who engaged in same-sex sexual activities because these practices became linked with effeminacy and mental disorders and producing a set of militant masculinities among soldiers.</p><p>These issues are explored through five case studies of specific time periods and geographic areas: Fort Riley in Kansas from 1898-1940; the Philippines from 1898-1918; Camp Beauregard in Louisiana, 1917-1919; the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in France and the American Forces in Germany (AFG), 1917-1923; and Hawaii, 1909-1940. The army's new position in American society, especially after World War I, and its overseas operations opened up a host of new and different kinds of sexual politics, possibilities, and relationships for all those touched by the U.S. Army's regulation of sexuality.</p> / Dissertation

Zugl.: Berlin. Freie Univ., Diss., 2005

Thesis (LL.M.)--University of Melbourne, 2001. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-179). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.