The effects of diet type, amino acid (AA), and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) levels in male broiler diets from d 8 to 21 on blood, small intestine, bone, and growth performance were investigated. Eight experimental diets with 2 protein sources [high inclusion of distiller's dried grains with solubles diet (hDDGS) or high inclusion of meat and bone meal diet (hMBM)], 2 AA densities (moderate or high), and 2 AME densities (2,998kcal/kg or 3,100kcal/kg), were fed to the broiler chicks from 8 to 21 days of age (d). High AME diets may lower feed cost by lowering feed intake. Intestinal morphology changes responded to dietary treatments, which may facilitate nutrients digestion and absorption in high MBM diets as well as in high DDGS diets. In addition, high AA or AME diets from 8 to 20 d improved feed conversion during experimental phase and influenced meat yields at 55 d.

The hypothesis that source of protein in a nutritionally adequate diet during gestation, lactation and weaning alters food intake and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in the offspring was investigated. Pregnant Wistar rats were randomized to either the AIN 93-G casein (C) or soy protein (S) diets (n=12/group) during gestation only or during gestation and lactation. Male offspring in each dams’ diet group were weaned to either C or S diets (n=12/group). Food intake, body weight (BW), fat pad mass, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and plasma homocysteine (p<0.05) were higher in offspring born to dams fed the S diet. Fasting blood glucose (BG), BG in response to a glucose gavage and Homeostatic Model of Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index were higher only in male offspring born to dams fed the S diet. Moreover, gene expression of Agouti Related Protein (AgRP) was higher in offspring born to dams fed the S diet at weaning. Extending the dams’ diet during gestation and lactation magnified the effect of the gestational S diet on BW and composition and glucose metabolism in male offspring. Although composition of the weaning diets interacted with that of the dams’ diets, the latter was the dominant factor in determining metabolic outcomes in the offspring. In conclusion, the soy protein diet, compared to the casein diet when consumed during gestation or throughout gestation and lactation increased food intake and the presence of characteristics of metabolic syndrome in the offspring.

The hypothesis that source of protein in a nutritionally adequate diet during gestation, lactation and weaning alters food intake and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in the offspring was investigated. Pregnant Wistar rats were randomized to either the AIN 93-G casein (C) or soy protein (S) diets (n=12/group) during gestation only or during gestation and lactation. Male offspring in each dams’ diet group were weaned to either C or S diets (n=12/group). Food intake, body weight (BW), fat pad mass, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and plasma homocysteine (p<0.05) were higher in offspring born to dams fed the S diet. Fasting blood glucose (BG), BG in response to a glucose gavage and Homeostatic Model of Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index were higher only in male offspring born to dams fed the S diet. Moreover, gene expression of Agouti Related Protein (AgRP) was higher in offspring born to dams fed the S diet at weaning. Extending the dams’ diet during gestation and lactation magnified the effect of the gestational S diet on BW and composition and glucose metabolism in male offspring. Although composition of the weaning diets interacted with that of the dams’ diets, the latter was the dominant factor in determining metabolic outcomes in the offspring. In conclusion, the soy protein diet, compared to the casein diet when consumed during gestation or throughout gestation and lactation increased food intake and the presence of characteristics of metabolic syndrome in the offspring.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:45:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tetzner_tad_dr_jabo.pdf: 1320248 bytes, checksum: 1bcf0f410a95d0c6af2b76012cc2d1bc (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Not available

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tetzner_tad_me_jabo.pdf: 994984 bytes, checksum: dc3b9f9b3b09f1b6ee7040b88cd31ad8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da substituição do SFB e do BSA pela OVA na PIV, por estudos nas etapas de maturação, fecundação e cultivo in vitro. Observamos que durante a etapa de maturação, a concentração 4mg/mL de OVA não afetou a maturação nuclear (82,66%) e a migração de grânulos corticais (GC) para a periferia dos oócitos (54,21%), sendo, portanto, utilizada nos experimentos subseqüentes. Foi observado que as fontes protéicas SFB, BSA, OVA, e BSA com OVA (BO) não afetaram (p>0,05) as taxas de maturação nuclear e migração de GC. Para a sigla dos tratamentos, as fontes protéicas foram identificadas pelas iniciais (SFB=S, BSA=B e OVA=O). Cada tratamento foi abreviado com a primeira letra referente à etapa de maturação, a segunda à fecundação, e a terceira ao cultivo. Quanto às taxas de formação de pronúcleo (PN) observamos que o grupo SO (76,67% de 2 PN) foi semelhante (p>0,05) ao grupo controle (82,95% de 2 PN). A etapa de CIV permitiu avaliar que os diferentes tratamentos foram semelhantes (p>0,05) quanto à taxa de clivagem. Entretanto, quanto à taxa de produção de blastocistos, o grupo OOO (26,0%) foi semelhante (p>0.05) aos grupos SOS (33,8%), BBB (35,8%), BOB (32%), e OBO (33%), mas foi inferior (p<0,05) aos grupos CONT (45%) e SBS (42,8%). Quanto à taxa de eclosão, o grupo OOO (20,4%), foi inferior (p<0,05) aos grupos CONT (46,2%), SBS (43,4%), SOS (38,4%), BBB (41,6%), e semelhante aos grupos BOB (28,2%) e OBO (25,4%). Concluímos que é possível produzir embriões bovinos na ausência de SFB e/ou BSA, com a fonte protéica OVA, embora tanto a quantidade como a qualidade dos blastocistos tenham se apresentado inferiores em relação àqueles produzidos na presença de SFB e/ou BSA. / The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of FCS and BSA substitution for OVA on in vitro production of bovine embryos, studying in vitro maturation, fertilization, and development. For maturation, we observed that the concentration 4mg/mL of OVA didn't affect nuclear maturation (82.66%), and cortical granule (CG) migration (54.21%), which indicated its use in the subsequent experiments. It was observed that the protein sources FBS, BSA, OVA and BO didn't significantly affect (p>0.05) the rates of nuclear maturation and CG migration. For evaluation of pronucleus (PN) formation rates, we observed that the SO group (the first letter means the protein source for the maturation stage, the second for the fertilization, and the third for the development), (76.67% of 2 PN) was similar (p>0.05) to the control group (82.95% of 2 PN). However, two pronucleus formation rates in BB (56.98%), BO (39.02%), OB (37.36%) and OO (39.24%) were different (p<0.05) from the control group (82.95% of 2 PN). Different treatments (CONT, SBS, SOS, BBB, BOB, OOO, OBO) were similar (p>0.05) in cleavage rates. However, regarding to blastocyst production rates, the OOO group (26.0%) was similar (p>0.05) to the SOS group (33.8%), BBB (35.8%), BOB (32%), and OBO (33%) groups, but it was inferior (p <0.05) compared to the CONT (45%) and SBS (42.8%) groups. In relation to blastocyst hatching rate, the OOO group (20.4%) was inferior (p<0.05) when compared to the CONT (46.2%), SBS (43.4%), SOS (38.4%), BBB (41.6%) groups, and it was to BOB (28.2%) and OBO (25.4%) groups. We concluded that it s possible to produce bovine embryos in the absence of FBS and/or BSA using ovalbumin (OVA) as the protein source, even though decreased quantity and quality rates of bovine blastocysts were observed.

Submitted by Rhaony Gonçalves Leite (rhaonyleite@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-25T00:58:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Rhaony_Gonçalves_Leite.pdf: 1171533 bytes, checksum: 7bb3dd50cf1f033ee0f5ae8f609b88ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-04-25T13:03:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 leite_rg_me_jabo.pdf: 1171533 bytes, checksum: 7bb3dd50cf1f033ee0f5ae8f609b88ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-25T13:03:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leite_rg_me_jabo.pdf: 1171533 bytes, checksum: 7bb3dd50cf1f033ee0f5ae8f609b88ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os DDGS (do inglês “distillers dried grains with solubles”) como fonte de proteína não degradável no rúmen (PNDR) em substituição ao farelo de algodão em suplementos para bovinos em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu na fase de recria durante o período das águas. Foram utilizados 8 piquetes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, manejados em lotação contínua, com taxa de lotação variável. Oito bovinos Bos indicus fistulados no rúmen foram utilizados para avaliar quatro estratégias de suplementação: Tratamento 1) mistura mineral (ad libitum) (MM); Tratamento 2) suplemento proteico e energético com milho como fonte energética e farelo de algodão como fonte proteica (FA); Tratamento 3) suplemento com substituição de 50% da fonte proteica do Tratamento 2 por DDGS (50DDG) e Tratamento 4) suplemento com substituição de 100% da fonte proteica do Tratamento 2 por DDGS (100DDG). Com exceção do MM (MM), os suplementos foram fornecidos na quantidade de 0,3% do peso corporal (PC). O delineamento estatístico adotado foi quadrado latino duplo, com oito animais, quatro tratamentos, e quatro períodos experimentais. Foi aplicado o teste de contrastes (MM vs (FA+50DDG+100DDG); efeito linear entre FA, 50DDG e 100DDG; efeito quadrático entre FA, 50DDG e 100DDG) (P<0,10). Houve diferença no consumo de matéria seca (MS) (P= 0,0130), de nutrientes (P≤0,099) e do balanço de nitrogênio (P=0,019) entre MM e os demais tratamentos. Observou-se efeito linear decrescente (P=0,081) entre FA, 50DDG e 100DDG nos teores de nitrogênio amoniacal ruminal. Nos demais parâmetros avaliados não houve diferença significativa (P≥0,10). A suplementação proteica energética aumentou o consumo total de MS e de nutrientes, porém sem alterar a digestibilidade. Os tratamentos avaliados não influenciaram os parâmetros ruminais, assim como a síntese de proteína microbiana, mas a suplementação proteico energética com 0,3% PC aumentou a eficiência de uso do nitrogênio. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the intake, apparent total diet digestibility, ruminal parameters, nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis of beef cattle supplemented with different protein sources (cottonseed meal or DDG “distillers dried grains with solubles") on pasture during the wet season. Eight paddock of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (Palisade grass), were managed in a continuous grazing, with a variable stocking rate. Eight rumen cannulated steers were used for evaluations of the four supplementation strategies: Treatment 1) mineral mixed (ad libitum) (MM); Treatment 2) energetic/protein supplement with corn as energetic source and cottonseed meal as protein source (FA); Treatment 3) supplement with substitution of 50%of the protein source of treatment 2forDDGS (50DDG), and Treatment 4) supplement with replacement of 100% of the protein source of treatment 2 for DDGS (100DDG). Except for MM, supplements were provided in amount of 0.3% of body weight (BW). The statistical design adopted was a double Latin square, with eight cannulated animals, four treatments, and four experimental periods. The test of contrasts (MM vs. FA + 50DDG + 100DDG), linear effect among FA, 50DDG and 100DDG) and quadratic effect among FA, 50DDG and 100DDG) was performed (P <0, 10). There was a significant difference in dry matter (DM) and nutrient intake, and nitrogen balance among MM and other treatments. There was a linear decrease effect among FA, 50DDG and 100DDG in ruminal ammonia nitrogen levels. In the other parameters evaluated there was no significant difference. It is concluded that the evaluated treatments did not affected the ruminal parameters, as well as the synthesis of microbial protein, but the supplementation with 0.3% CP increased the efficiency of nitrogen utilization. / CNPq 132885/2016-6

Two experiments were conducted to study: 1) the different methods of processing broiler litter for use as a feed ingredient; and 2) preservation, fermentation and nutrient utilization of rumen contents and blood. Broiler litter was deep stacked in 1.2 x 1.2 x 1.2 m bins at 15, 25 and 35% moisture, and ensiled at 40% moisture, alone or with 5% added molasses. Litter was also ensiled with rumen contents at ratios of 60:40 and 50:50, wet basis. For digestion and palatability trials, wethers were allotted to five diets: 1) basal alone, or basal and broiler litter (1:1, dry basis) processed by; 2) deep stacking at 15% moisture; 3) ensiling; 4) ensiling with 5% molasses; and 5) basal and ensiled rumen contents and litter (50:50, wet basis). Freshly collected rumen contents and blood, mixed in proportions of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1, wet basis, were ensiled with wheat straw (60:40) untreated or treated with 5% urea, with or without 7.5% molasses. Formic/propionic acid (1% w/w) and 10% dried sugar cane molasses were tested as preservatives for blood and rumen contents. Formic/propionic acids preserved rumen contents and blood were ensiled with wheat straw (45:15:40, wet basis) for use in a metabolism trial with sheep. Sheep were fed a basal diet and the silage at ratios of 100:0, 75:25, and 50:50, dry basis. Litter deep stacked at 15% moisture showed a lower rise in temperature than litter stacked at 25 and 35% moisture. Desirable fermentation was achieved for litter ensiled alone or with molasses or rumen contents. Deep stacked broiler litter and silages were devoid of coliforms. Apparent digestibilities of OM and CP were lowest for the deep stacked broiler litter diets. Dry matter intake was similar among waste-containing diets. Formic/propionic acids were the only preservatives which were effective for both blood and rumen contents. Desirable fermentation was achieved in rumen contents-blood-straw in Silages containing untreated wheat straw. Apparent digestibility of CP of the ensiled slaughterhouse wastestraw was similar to that of the basal. The calculated digestibilities of OM and DM of the silage were 46% and that of CP was 69%. The results indicated that fresh rumen contents and blood can be ensiled successfully with wheat straw for use as roughage and protein source for ruminants. / Ph. D.

Foram utilizados 4 novilhos Nelore, pesando ao redor de 300 Kg, canulados no rúmen e duodeno, em um delineamento em Quadrado Latino 4x4, com o objetivo de se testar a possibilidade de melhor sincronização da degradação ruminal de fontes energéticas e protéicas, através da utilização de 2 formas de processamento de milho (moagem fina (1,5mm) x floculação (300g/l) e 2 fontes protéicas (farelo de soja x uréia). As dietas continham 13% de feno de gramínea tropical e 87% de concentrado, resultando em valores de PB ao redor de 13% e 83% de NDT. A floculação do milho resultou em menor concentração de amido no conteúdo duodenal, sugerindo uma maior degradação deste no rúmen, o que explica a redução de N-NH3 (P<0,01), de pH (P<0,15) e o aumento de C3 (P<0,01) no fluido ruminal. A concentração de uréia plasmática também foi reduzida com a floculação do milho em comparação com a moagem fina. O provável aumento da degradação ruminal do amido através da floculação do milho, resultou em aumento significativo (P<0,01) da digestibilidade deste nutriente no trato digestivo total, com um incremento ao redor de 10 unidades percentuais (89,22 x 98,90%) em comparação com a moagem fina. Entretanto, a digestibilidade da MS no trato digestivo total não foi aumentada (P>0,05) com a floculação do milho, provavelmente devido à redução (P<0,01) da digestibilidade do FDN. A substituição do farelo de soja por uréia não afetou (P>0,05) a fermentação ruminal, nem o consumo e a digestão de nutrientes no trato digestivo total. / Four Nelore steers, cannulated in the duodenum and in the rumen, averaging 300 kg of live weight, were used in a 4x4 Latin Square design, to test the improvement of ruminal synchronization of starch and protein degradation. Two methods of corn processing (fine grinding (1,5mm) vs steam flaking (300g/l)) and 2 protein sources (soybean meal vs urea) were compared in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. The diets contained 13% of tropical grass hay and 87% of concentrate, averaging 13% CP and 83% TDN. Steam flaking of corn decreased (P<0,01) starch concentration in duodenal digesta, suggesting a higher ruminal degradation of this nutrient. This would explain the actual decrease in ruminal N-NH3 (P<0,01) and pH (P<0,15) and the increase in molar concentration of ruminal C3 (P<0,01). PUN concentration was decreased (P<0,01) by steam flaking of corn compared to fine grinding. The probable increase of starch degraded in the rumen and post rumen, due to steam flaking, increased (P<0,01) digestibility of this nutrient in the total tract (89,22 x 98,90%), compared to fine grinding. However, the total tract DM digestibility was not increased (P>0,05) by steam flaking, probably due to the decrease (P<0,01) in NDF digestibility. The replacement of soybean meal by urea had no effect (P>0,05) on ruminal fermentation and on intake and total tract digestion of nutrients.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-07T12:56:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MagdaLTS_DISSERT.pdf: 1454861 bytes, checksum: 4612469437c8dd924c24af03a052758d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-07T12:56:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MagdaLTS_DISSERT.pdf: 1454861 bytes, checksum: 4612469437c8dd924c24af03a052758d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The maintenance of metabolic activities during the in vitro culture of somatic cells of wild animals, especially collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), is an interesting step in the conservation of these cells for use in nuclear transfer (cloning). In this context, it is necessary to optimize the in vitro culture conditions of somatic cell by establishment of some appropriate supplementations to the media, in order to ensure the maximum preservation of the viable cell characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the composition of the culture means of somatic cell derived from ear tissue of collared peccaries, evaluating two concentrations of fetal bovine serum (E1: FBS; 10% vs. 20%) and epidermal growth factor (E2: EGF, 5 ng/mL vs. 10 ng/mL). Thus, tissue fragments from 18 adult animals were submitted to primary culture and subcultures for 40 days until the fourth passage and the resulting cells were analyzed for morphology, adhesion, subconfluence, proliferative activity for developing growth curve for seven days and determining the population doubling time (PDT), viability by trypan blue and functional/metabolic activity by assay 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Moreover, in the E1, comparisons as cell adhesion were performed with cells cultured in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA, 0.5% and 1.0%). All data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by post hoc test. In the E1, no difference (P>0.05) was observed between the concentrations of FBS for the number of adhered [SFB10: 39/39 vs. SB20: 35/39] and subconfluent fragments [SFB10: 39/39 vs. SB20: 35/39], day all adhered [SFB10: 3.5 vs. SFB20: 3.0], with growth [SFB10: 7.4 vs. SFB20: 7.2] and subconfluent samples [SFB10: 11.8 vs. SFB20: 11.8]. However, significant values were observed in cells cultured in the presence of 20% FBS for viability [SFB10: 85.6% vs. SFB20: 98.2%], PDT [SFB10: 155.4 h vs.77.25 h] and MTT assay [SFB10: 0.57-0.57 vs. SFB20: 0.82-0.99 (D5-D7)]. Additionally, comparisons of supplementation of BSA and FBS confirm the potential FBS cell adhesion. Thus, 20% FBS was used in the following experiment. In the evaluation of the presence of EGF in culture, no difference was observed in the evaluated parameters for the number of attached [EGF0: 31/31 vs. EGF5: 31/31 vs. EGF10: 31/31] and subconfluent fragments [EGF0: 31/31 vs. EGF5: 31/31 vs. EGF10: 31/31] day all adhered [EGF0: 4.9 vs. EGF5: 7.0 vs. EGF10: 3.5] growth [EGF0: 7.2 vs. EGF5: 8.2 vs. EGF10: 7.9] and subconfluent samples [0 EGF: 12.6 vs. EGF5: 16.6 vs. EGF10:12.6], viability [EGF0: 84.3% vs. EGF5: 88.8% vs. EGF10: 87.0%], PDT [EGF0: 69.6 h vs. EGF5: 64.8 h vs. EGF10: 65.3 h] and MTT assay [EGF0: 1.26-1.38 vs. EGF5: 1.06-1.14 vs. EGF10: 1.13-1.16 (D5-D7)]. In all experiments, the growth curves showed clear log and lag phases of development. In conclusion, 20% FBS is suitable for the recovery of somatic cells in vitro; however, EGF does not improve the quality of growing these cells / A manutenção das atividades metabólicas durante o cultivo in vitro de células somáticas de animais silvestres, especialmente catetos (Pecari tajacu), representa uma etapa interessante na conservação dessas células para aplicação na transferência nuclear (clonagem). Nesse contexto, faz-se necessário a otimização das condições de cultivo in vitro de células somáticas pelo estabelecimento de algumas suplementações adequadas aos meios, visando garantir a máxima preservação das características celulares viáveis. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo otimizar a composição do meio de cultivo de células somáticas derivadas de tecido auricular de catetos, avaliando duas concentrações de soro fetal bovino (E1: SFB; 10% vs. 20%) e fator de crescimento epidermal (E2: EGF; 5 ng/mL vs. 10 ng/mL). Para tanto, fragmentos teciduais de 18 animais adultos foram submetidos ao cultivo primário e subcultivos por 40 dias, até a quarta passagem e as células resultantes foram analisadas quanto à morfologia, aderência, subconfluência, atividade proliferativa pela elaboração de curva de crescimento por sete dias e determinação do tempo de duplicação da população (PDT), viabilidade por azul de tripano e atividade funcional/metabólica pelo ensaio de brometo de 3-[4,5-dimetil-tiazol-2-il]-2,5-difeniltetrazólio (MTT). Além disso, no E1, comparações quanto à adesão celular foram realizadas com células cultivadas na presença de albumina sérica bovina (BSA, 0,5% e 1,0%). Todos os dados foram analisados por ANOVA seguido por teste post-hoc. No E1, nenhuma diferença (P>0,05) foi observada entre as concentrações de SFB para o número de fragmentos aderidos [SFB10: 39/39 vs. SB20: 35/39] e subconfluentes [SFB10: 39/39 vs. SB20: 35/39], dia de todas as amostras aderidas [SFB10: 3,5 vs. SFB20: 3,0], com crescimento [SFB10: 7,4 vs. SFB20: 7,2] e subconfluentes [SFB10: 11,8 vs. SFB20: 11,8]. Contudo, valores significativos foram observados em células cultivadas na presença de SFB a 20% quanto à viabilidade [SFB10: 85,6% vs. SFB20: 98,2%], PDT [SFB10: 155,4 h vs.77,2 h] e ensaio de MTT [SFB10: 0,57-0,57 vs. SFB20: 0,82-0,99 (D5-D7)]. Adicionalmente, comparações da suplementação do BSA e SFB confirmaram o potencial de adesão celular do soro. Assim, SFB a 20% foi empregado no experimento seguinte. Já na avaliação da presença de EGF no cultivo, nenhuma diferença foi observada nos parâmetros avaliados para o número de fragmentos aderidos [EGF0: 31/31 vs. EGF5: 31/31 vs. EGF10: 31/31] e subconfluentes [EGF0: 31/31 vs. EGF5: 31/31 vs. EGF10: 31/31], dia de todas as amostras aderidas [EGF0: 4,9 vs. EGF5: 7,0 vs. EGF10: 3,5], em crescimento [EGF0: 7,2 vs. EGF5: 8,2 vs. EGF10: 7,9] e subconfluentes [EGF0: 12,6 vs. EGF5: 16,6 vs. EGF10: 12,6], viabilidade [EGF0: 84,3% vs. EGF5: 88,8% vs. EGF10: 87,0%], PDT [EGF0: 69,6 h vs. EGF5: 64,8 h vs. EGF10: 65,3 h] e ensaio de MTT [EGF0: 1,26-1,38 vs. EGF5: 1,06-1,14 vs. EGF10: 1,13-1,16 (D5-D7)]. Em todos os experimentos, as curvas de crescimento apresentaram nítidas fases log e lag de desenvolvimento. Em conclusão, o SFB a 20% é adequado para a recuperação de células somáticas in vitro; contudo, o EGF não melhora a qualidade do cultivo dessas células / 2017-03-07

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:47:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joana_Karin_Finkler.pdf: 807546 bytes, checksum: 6fd6fd164abbf7c0ca6f67ba18c541a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Current analysis evaluates the inclusion effect of feather meal in diets with and without aminoacids supplementation on the performance, centesimal composition, hematological parameters and feeding costs of Nile tilapia fingerlings, Oreochromis niloticus. One thousand and four hundred Nile tilapia fingerlings, initial average weight 4.98±0.08 g, distributed in 28 small cages of 1m³, with 50 fish each, were used. Three levels (8, 16 and 24%) of hydrolyzed feather meal (FM) inclusion and two groups, one with and the other without synthetic aminoacids supplementation (AAs), were evaluated during 65 days. Control treatment with neither feather meal nor aminoacids supplementation was also employed, totalizing seven treatments and four replications. Productive performance analysis including total length (TL), weight gain (WG), apparent food conversion (AFC), survival (SU), condition factor (CF) and protein efficiency rate (PER) was performed at the end of the experiment, coupled to body parameters such as visceral fat index (VFI) and hepatosomatic index (HIS). Blood samples were collected for erythrocytes counting and determination of hemoglobin, hematocrit, average corpuscular volume (ACV) and average corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (ACHC). The entire fish was used for the analysis of centesimal composition, namely, moisture (MO), protein (P), ether extract (EE) and mineral matter (MM)). Diet costs per kilo of WG were also assessed. Treatments did not influence (p>0.05) SU, HIS, CF, MO and MM and best results for FM and WG were those of treatments with 8% FM with or without AAs supplementation. AFC was higher and PER lower in treatments with 24% FM without supplementation. P rate was lower in treatment with inclusion of 24% FM without supplementation when compared to control, whereas EE had higher levels of inclusion when compared to control. Hematologic parameters were kept within the species´s normal variation level. Treatment with 8% FM with supplementation presented lower feeding costs. Results show that feather meal may be used in diets for Nile tilapia up to 8% inclusion, with or without supplementation of AAs, without any liability in performance, chemical composition and higidity. In fact, supplementation at the above inclusion level with AAs is economically more viable / Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da inclusão de farinha de pena em dietas com e sem suplmentação de aminoácidos sobre o desempenho, composição centesimal, parâmetros hematológicos e custos de alimentação de alevinos de tilápia do Nilo Oreochromis niloticus. Para isso, foram utilizados 1.400 alevinos de tilápia do Nilo com peso inicial médio de 4,98 ± 0,08 g distribuídos em 28 hapas de 1 m³ com 50 peixes cada. Durante 65 dias foram avaliados três níveis de inclusão de farinha de pena hidrolisada (FP) (8, 16 e 24%) e dois grupos, um com e outro sem suplementação de aminoácidos sintéticos (AAs). Além disso, foi utilizado um tratamento controle, cuja dieta não continha nem farinha de pena e nem suplementação de aminoácidos, totalizando sete tratamentos com quatro repetições. Ao final do experimento foram realizadas análises de desempenho produtivo (comprimento total (CT), ganho de peso (GP), conversão alimentar aparente (CAA), sobrevivência (SO), fator de condição (FC) e taxa de eficiência proteica (TEP) e dos parâmetros corporais, (índice de gordura visceral (IGV) e índice hepatossomático (IHS)). As mostras de sangue foram coletadas para contagem de eritrócitos e determinação de hemoglobina, hematócrito, volume corpuscular médio (VCM) e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM). Foram utilizados peixes inteiros para a análise da composição centesimal (umidade (UM), proteína (PB), extrato etéreo (EE) e matéria mineral (MM)). Também foi avaliado o custo das dietas por quilo de GP. Os tratamentos não influenciaram (p>0,05) na SO, IHS, FC, UM e MM. Os melhores resultados de PF e GP foram dos tratamentos com 8% de FP com ou sem suplemetação de AAs. A CA foi maior e a TEP menor no tratamento com 24% de FP sem suplementação. A PB foi menor no tratamento com inclusão de 24% FP sem suplementação em relação ao controle, e o EE aumentou com níveis mais altos de inclusão em relação ao controle. Os parâmetros hematológicos mativeram-se dentro da faixa de variação normal para a espécie. O tratamento com 8% de FP com suplementação apresentou o menor custo de alimentação. Conclui-se que a farinha de penas pode ser utilizada em dietas para tilápia do Nilo em até 8% de inclusão, com ou sem suplementação de AAs, sem prejuízos no desempenho, composição química e higidez, sendo que a suplementação deste nível de inclusão com AAs é economicamente mais viável