This thesis project represents the culmination of my interests in sonic arts, phonography, musical performance, historical preservation, and class equality. The performance Plowing Lacquer and Polishing Noise: A Mudsill's Methodology features the music of Southern Illinois performed on homemade jug band style instruments. The performance also features my sound art sculptures, The Shintonarumori and The Gatlingophone. This paper examines the personal, historical, social, and economic factors that have inspired this media arts thesis project, including my ideological media arts theory entitled The Harakiri Manifesto. This thesis paper concludes with a brief pondering on the democratizing power of music and sound recording.

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La figure de la chanteuse populaire reflète au Japon la réalité de la condition féminine dans ce pays. Alors que l'archipel a traversé, à l’instar de la France ou des États-Unis, une période marquante des mouvements féministes, qui généra une timide amélioration de la place des femmes dans la société, la majorité des Japonaises est toujours aux prises avec une norme sociale qui leur demeure ingrate et défavorable : selon le rapport du « Forum économique mondial sur les disparités entre les sexes » publié en 2017, le Japon se situerait en terme d'égalité des sexes au 114e rang sur 144 pays. Derrière cette réalité, c'est avec une notion du genre hypernormée et bien ancrée dans la société que les Japonaises sont contraintes de composer, quel que soit leur milieu d'origine. Dans le monde de la musique populaire japonaise, cette norme sociale régissant les représentations féminines se répercute sur la posture de bien des chanteuses, soit dans l'immaturité naïve renvoyant à la vulnérabilité, soit dans une certaine magnanimité fondée sur la maternité, ces deux attitudes n'étant pas nécessairement incompatibles. Là où nombre de leurs homologues d’autres styles musicaux intériorisent ce carcan social, certaines idoles féminines se montrent particulièrement représentatives de ce phénomène.Depuis le 11 mars 2011, la société nipponne a vu grossir les rangs de ses artistes opposés au nucléaire, non sans alimenter la réflexion sur les rapports entre musique et politique de celles et ceux qui s’interrogent sur les postures engagées des musiciens. Il est cependant à souligner qu'en la matière, les artistes de sexe féminin attirent nettement moins l’attention publique. Malgré une large participation des femmes aux mouvements antinucléaires depuis la catastrophe de Fukushima, les chanteuses et musiciennes engagées semblent souvent être reléguées à un moindre rang par rapport à leurs confrères masculins. Cette méconnaissance de l’engagement des musiciennes et cette rupture entre la société civile et le monde musical populaire s’expliquent par — tout autant qu'ils sont liés à — la condition des femmes dans une société obstinément patriarcale. Si un tel état de choses ne soulève pas, du moins à l’heure actuelle, une opposition radicale chez les artistes, il se développe toutefois chez elles des stratégies, des arrangements qui leur assurent une place, une visibilité aux yeux de la société.Notre étude examine la situation contemporaine des artistes femmes et leur posture en tant que musiciennes engagées à travers l’analyse de leur expression artistique, en lien direct avec le contexte social et sociétal où celle-ci s'inscrit. Le cadre temporel choisi s'étend des années 1970, lorsque surgissent au Japon les mouvements de libération des femmes, à nos jours — et plus précisément à la période post-Fukushima, qui voit la participation des femmes aux mouvements sociaux du pays se faire plus saillante. Le cœur de nos recherches portera plus particulièrement sur la caractérisation des musiciennes engagées et de leurs postures dans le Japon des années 1990 à ce jour, révélant la possibilité pour les femmes japonaises, désormais, d'une pluralité de positionnement selon leur milieu social et économique d'appartenance. / The figure of the Japanese pop singer reflects the reality of women’s status in Japan. Although Japan went through a crucial feminist movement, like France or the United States, which resulted in a slight improvement in women’s situation in society, the majority of women are still struggling with social norms that remain unrewarding and unfavorable to them. According to the Global Gender Gap Report the World Economic Forum published in 2017, Japan ranks 114th out of 144 countries in terms of gender equality. In this reality, one may notice that Japanese women, whatever their social milieu, are forced to comply with the notion of hyper-normed gender that is anchored in society. In the sphere of Japanese popular music, this social norm dominating female representation has repercussions for many female singers’ positions, either in naive immaturity relating to vulnerability or in a certain magnanimity based on motherhood, two notions not necessarily incongruent. Certain female idols are particularly representative of this phenomenon, whereas their counterparts in other musical styles internalize this social straitjacket. Since March 11, 2011, artists against nuclear increase in Japanese society have fueled reflection on the relationship between music and politics by those who question the postures of politically committed musicians. It should be pointed out, though, that female artists attract quite a bit less public attention than their male counterparts. Although women significantly participate in movements against nuclear programs since the Fukushima disaster, committed female singers and musicians often seem to be relegated to a lower rank than their male colleagues. This ignorance of female musicians’ commitment and the breaking-off between civil society and the popular musical scene can be explained by—as much as it is linked to—the condition of women in a stubbornly patriarchal society. If such a state of affairs does not, in the present time, raise radical opposition among artists, it nevertheless develops in them strategies and arrangements that ensure them a place and visibility in society.Our study examines the contemporary situation of female artists and their positions as committed musicians, by analyzing their artistic expression and considering the social and societal contexts in which they are implicated. The time frame ranges from the 1970s, when women's liberation movements emerged in Japan, to today—and more specifically to the post-Fukushima period, when women's participation in the country's social movements became more prominent. The core of our research focuses particularly on the characterization of committed female musicians and their postures in Japan from the 1990s to the present, revealing the possibility for Japanese women to have positioning plurality based on their social and economic backgrounds.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:23:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3900209 bytes, checksum: b1e2ed8dcb2d322a9cfab6ad1b784a8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This Master Dissertation is linked to the Research Line: Regional History , of Post-Graduation Program in History of the Paraíba Federal University, which has Historical Culture and History as its Area of Concentration. Our research have as objective to analyze above all, the use of the political censorship on protest music during the called shot years of the military dictatorship in Brazil. With this intent we have focused mainly on the judgments elaborated by the censors themselves, between 1969 and 1974, during the censure practice, to justify the vetos on the protest songs, censureds for having political protests opposite the political regime in vigour, established in Brazil by the militaries with the stroke of 1964. Therefore, we have tried to demonstrate that, besides the moral censorship which held in the country during the military dictatorship and that had been applied since the mid 40 s, also during that military regime themselves, there was a political censorship on the Brazilian popular music, wich acted with more vigour during the shot years and mainly on the protest music, which directioned more its contestations for the political situation in Brazil at that moment. Besides, no refuse wich happened in that period themselves a moral censorship on the popular music made in Brazil. Though, we have tried to show too that there was, at certain moments, an interconnection between the political and moral motivations for the censorship of determinates songs. / Esta Dissertação de Mestrado está vinculada à Linha de Pesquisa: História Regional , do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, o qual tem como Área de Concentração: História e Cultura Histórica . Nossa pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar, sobretudo, o uso da censura política sobre a música de protesto durante os chamados anos de chumbo (1969-1974) da ditadura militar no Brasil. Com esse intuito nos detemos mais sobre os pareceres elaborados pelos próprios censores entre 1969 e 1974, quando da prática censória, para justificarem os vetos sobre as canções de protesto, censuradas por conterem protestos políticos contra o regime político vigente implantado no Brasil pelos militares com o golpe de 1964. Portanto, procuramos demonstrar que, além da censura moral que vigorava no país durante a ditadura militar, e que já vinha desde meados da década de 1940, também ocorreu, durante esse mesmo regime militar, uma censura política sobre a música popular brasileira, a qual atuou com mais vigor durante os anos de chumbo e principalmente sobre a música de protesto, que direcionava mais suas contestações para a situação política do Brasil naquele momento. Além disso, não negamos que tenha ocorrido nesse mesmo período uma censura moral sobre a música popular produzida no Brasil. Não obstante, também procuramos mostrar que havia, em certos momentos, uma interconexão entre as motivações políticas e morais para a censura de determinadas canções.

The study explores the theme of protest as encoded in selected Kalanga music. In particular, the study focuses on the analysis of songs sung by Kalanga musicians such as Chase Skuza, Ndux Junior and Batshele Brothers, Ndolwane Super Sounds and Tornado Heroes within the period 2000-2013.The selected period is generally considered to be a crisis period in Zimbabwe. Further, the study also relies on views from key respondents obtained through semi structured interviews and questionnaires. The research adopts the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework and the hegemony theory to help identify the discourses as encoded in the theme of protest in Kalanga music. The two frameworks are engaged because they challenge critical thinkers to move away from seeing language as immaterial to acknowledging and believing that words are meaningful in specific political, social and historical contexts. The study establishes that Kalanga music is protest art that speaks on behalf of the people by pointing out the injustices and malpractices that take place in society. The selected music demonstrates the battles that are ongoing that the musicians are protesting against. The study notes that protest music raises the consciousness of the citizens on the wayward behaviour of individuals and institutions. The protest themes identified include; corruption, poor governance and poor leadership, unfulfilled promises, lack of unity, repressive and oppressive laws, a skewed representation of the nation’s history, deployment of Shona teachers in Matabeleland, decrying moral decadence, protest against jealousy and envy and protest against xenophobia. Findings of the study also demonstrate that music goes beyond simply reflecting and describing situations but it also becomes an avenue through which discursive spaces are opened. The study also shows that Kalanga music provides alternative platforms for the articulation of matters generally considered taboo within Zimbabwean spaces, Kalanga music has a potential to contribute to national cohesion and national growth using its constructive criticism of the political, social and economic state of Zimbabwe. The study has clearly enunciated that protest music assists in the interrogation of a society’s moral compass and in turn question some convictions. Kalanga songs are not merely frivolous components of various sects of Zimbabwean culture, or passing sources of insignificant entertainment. Instead, they and their singers are critical contributors to the shaping of those eras, playing irreplaceable roles as they spur collective mindsets of protest across many social aggregates through their appeal to the desires, the morals, the lamentations, the angers and the passions of the Kalanga people. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / Ph. D. (Languages, Linguistics and Literature)

This study investigates the role music played in the Civil Rights Movement as a form of political protest. The first part of the studies analyzed how political protest music was used in the early part of the twentieth-century leading up to the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. An analysis of the role of music in African-American culture also provides a historical background to the music-making of the Civil Rights Movement. Specific musical forms such as topical ballads, freedom songs, and spirituals are examined. In addition, musical influences of African culture as well as religious influences on music-making during the Civil Rights Movement are also examined. The second section of the paper investigates the life and murder of NAACP organizer Harry T. Moore of Mims, Florida. Moore’s life and death became the subject of a topical ballad, “The Ballad of Harry T. Moore”, composed in 2001 by musical group Sweet Honey In The Rock. An analysis of the song’s, literary, political, and musical connections to the ideology and music of the Civil Rights Movement, as well as subject matter, gives evidence that places the song within the tradition of the musical protest activities of the Civil Rights Movement