Para que a tecnologia de eletrônica orgânica alcance todo o seu potencial é primordial que o processo de fabricação seja rápido e barato, e uma das maneiras de alcançar isto é com a utilização de processos gráficos especialmente adaptados para a produção de eletrônica, processo esse conhecido por roll-to-roll. Uma grande carência mundial se encontra em equipamentos de produção roll-to-roll de porte laboratorial, que possam ser utilizados para estudos de construção dos dispositivos e, mais importante, a transferência das tecnologias desenvolvidas em laboratório para processos que possam ser facilmente expandidos para a indústria. Neste sentido, durante este trabalho foi desenvolvido um sistema roll-to-roll compacto para produção e estudo de dispositivos orgânicos que apresenta as técnicas de deposição por rotogravura, wire-bar e knife-over-edge comutáveis, sendo empregada uma técnica por vez. O equipamento foi projetado e fabricado de forma a permitir a maior quantidade possível de ajustes das variáveis, com um pequeno consumo de material polimérico e de substrato. Além disto, desenvolveu-se um software de controle operado empregando-se o programa LabVIEW para regulagem da temperatura de secagem, velocidades do substrato e impressão. Como primeiro dispositivo fabricado optou-se por células eletroquímicas emissoras de luz (PLEC) por estas apresentarem baixa tensão de operação e uma baixa influência da espessura e dos eletrodos em suas propriedades optoeletrônicas. Desta forma, foi produzido um dispositivo luminescente sobre papel alumínio, flexível, de baixo custo, sem ITO e todo fabricado no equipamento roll-to-roll aqui desenvolvido. Além disto, o processo foi projetado para ser executado no ambiente, isto é, sem etapas que necessitem vácuo ou atmosfera controlada. Estes dispositivos comprovaram a aplicabilidade do sistema desenvolvido para a produção e desenvolvimento da eletrônica orgânica em laboratório visando a produção industrial final. / To develop the entire potential of Organic Electronic (OE) industry, it is necessary to generate processing methods that include high speed production at low cost. One technique that is emerging as very promising is that known as roll-to-roll. Despite the existence of several roll-to-roll machinery in the market, a small prototype that can be used in laboratories certainly will be very useful for research and as first experiments for production. In this work, we developed a compact roll-to-roll system devoted specifically to the production of printable electronic devices. In particular, this machine disposes deposition techniques as rotogravure, wire-bar and knife-over-edge. It is a versatile machine, which allows the operation of several technical parameters, using a relatively low amount of polymer material and substrate. In addition, we developed a numerical control system that is operated by a computer trough a LabWIEW program. This regulates the drying temperature and the substrate speed, parameters of fundamental importance for a good printed product. As first test we opted for building a coated Light Emitting Electrochemical Cell (PLEC), which are optoelectronic devices that uses relatively low operation voltage and does not exhibit critical thickness dependence. We printed this low cost and flexible device onto aluminum paper, then avoiding any other process and the use of ITO. All the coating processing was carried out in environmental conditions, being not necessary vacuum or accurate control of atmosphere. This application gives a strong evidence that this compact roll-to-roll machine presents a good performance in the fabrication of organic optoelectronic devices, being adequate for research and as guide for industrial production.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-14T12:40:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese - versao para impressao (2).pdf: 20650405 bytes, checksum: fadce5f7df96f0068f4ff26a711ed388 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T12:40:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese - versao para impressao (2).pdf: 20650405 bytes, checksum: fadce5f7df96f0068f4ff26a711ed388 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-24 / CAPEs / A avaliação da usabilidade representa uma tarefa essencial no ciclo de desenvolvimento do produto ao buscar uma maior satisfação do usuário e, consequentemente, o sucesso do produto no mercado. Para tal, torna-se fundamental a colaboração e a comunicação eficiente entre os diversos membros da equipe. Neste âmbito, tecnologias são desenvolvidas no sentido de promover um design participativo em todas as fases do processo de design e tem provocado uma mudança de paradigmas. O objetivo desta tese consiste em investigar o potencial das principais tecnologias para a usabilidade de produtos, buscando soluções que tornem a avaliação mais eficiente e inclusiva. Uma revisão de literatura sobre usabilidade e métodos é realizada, contextualizando o tema da pesquisa. Em seguida, as tecnologias emergentes da prototipagem virtual, simulações em ambientes virtuais e a interface cérebro-computador, ou neurociência para o design, são identificadas e suas possíveis aplicações na avaliação da usabilidade apontadas. A aplicação das tecnologias emergentes e o relacionamento destas entre si é avaliada em dois estudos de caso. O primeiro estudo consiste em dois experimentos com profissionais e estudantes de Design. Um questionário foi aplicado para investigar a situação atual da aplicação das tecnologias prototipagem virtual e realidade virtual, como também realizou-se um estudo comparativo entre protótipos. No segundo estudo, um teste de usabilidade com usuários reais utilizando um sistema EEG wireless foi realizado para investigar as atividades cerebrais durante o uso de um produto de consumo. Como resultado, várias lições foram aprendidas, correspondendo a uma importante contribuição para pesquisas no campo do design de produtos. A tese é finalizada com as lições aprendidas e são apresentadas sugestões para futuras pesquisas. / The usability evaluation is an essential task in the product development process to seek a greater user satisfaction and, consequently, the product success in the marketplace. For this, it is necessary the collaboration and effective communication among stakeholders. In this context, technology is developed in order to promote a participatory design at all stages of the design process and has resulted in a paradigm shift. The aims of this thesis are to investigate the potential of key technologies for testing the usability of products, and exploring solutions that make usability evaluation more efficient and comprehensive. A comprehensive literature review on usability and testing methods is provided by contextualizing the research theme. Then the emergent technologies of virtual prototyping, virtual environment simulation and brain computer interfacing or neuroscience for design are identified and possible applications in usability evaluation are outlined. The emerging technologies, their applications and how they relate to each other are evaluated in two case studies. The first study consists of two experiments with professional settings and with design students. A questionnaire was applied to investigate the present situation of virtual prototyping and virtual reality technologies application, and also a comparative study between prototypes was conducted. In the second study, a usability test with real users using a wireless EEG system was performed to investigate the brain activity during the use of a consumer product. As results show, several lessons were learned, representing an important contribution to research in the field of product design. The thesis concludes with best practices (lessons learned) and suggestions for further research.

A necessidade deste trabalho se fez no setor de Planejamento de Fluxo de Materiais e Embalagens (PFME), que pertence ao departamento de engenharia de manufatura de uma filial de montadora instalada no Brasil. Neste setor existe a necessidade de se obter peças protótipo em um menor espaço de tempo possível para realização dos ensaios estáticos dos protótipos das embalagens especiais, uma vez que as embalagens precisam acondicionar as peças produzidas a partir da fase de preparação da produção em série do automóvel (pré-série ou PVS). Neste trabalho, a partir do estudo das tecnologias de Rapid Prototyping (RP) - Prototipagem Rápida (RP) e Rapid Tooling (RT) Ferramental Rápido (RT) é selecionada a técnica mais adequada para se atender às necessidades deste setor. Para isto, algumas condições de contorno foram consideradas: a aplicação das técnicas de RP e RT foram restringidas às peças externas do carro como portas, tampas dianteiras, traseiras e pára-lama e as fontes fornecedoras consultadas encontram-se no mercado doméstico. Com base em um estudo de caso pode-se validar esta proposta. Os resultados obtidos com a aplicação da técnica de ferramental rápido Vacuum Bagging foram uma redução média de 4,5 meses na obtenção das peças protótipo e uma redução global dos custos de aquisição de aproximadamente R$ 100.000,00. / The need of this work was made in the material flow planning and packing (PFME) section, that belongs to the manufacture engineering department of an assembler company installed in Brazil. In this sector, there is a growing need to obtain prototype parts in the shortest time possible in order to carry out static prototype tests of the special packing, since these racks need to be ready to assist the preparation phase of the series production of the vehicle (pre series or PVS). In this work, beginning from the study of Rapid Prototyping (RP) and Rapid Tooling (RT) technologies is selected the technique more adequate to assist to the needs of this section. For that purpose, some limiting conditions were considered: the application of the RP and RT techniques is limited to the external parts of the vehicle, such as doors, front and back hoods and fenders, and the consulted suppliers should be available in the domestic market. Based in a case study this proposal could be validated. The obtained results with the applied Rapid Tooling Vacuum Bagging technique were a medium reduction of 4,5 months in the prototype parts acquisition and a global reduction in the acquisition costs of approximately R$ 100.000,00.

O presente trabalho propõe a execução de ensaios de medição do número de swirl em bancada de fluxo em regime permanente, com a utilização de um dispositivo modular e dutos de admissão do cabeçote de um motor diesel produzidos via prototipagem rápida (PR). A medição do número de swirl com dutos produzidos via PR, traz como principais vantagens: reprodutibilidade dos ensaios, facilidade de simular e mensurar o número de swirl dos potenciais desvios no processo de fundição ou usinagem, além da redução no tempo para o desenvolvimento de novas geometrias dos dutos de admissão. O trabalho é experimental e uma unidade do cabeçote estudado foi encaminhado para o laboratório da EPUSP e o número de swirl medido para posterior comparação dos dados. Após a fase inicial de aquisição de dados e ajustes no projeto do dispositivo, essa unidade do cabeçote foi seccionada e digitalizada para que a geometria interna fosse reproduzida via prototipagem rápida. Os dutos de admissão foram montados no dispositivo modular para a realização dos testes em bancada. Todos os testes foram realizados no mesmo equipamento e com o mesmo sistema de controle, com o intuito de reduzir o número de variáveis externas na aquisição de dados. Quando realizou-se a comparação das médias dos resultados do número de swirl do cabeçote e do dispositivo modular com o uso de prototipagem rápida não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes. O método proposto representou o escoamento de ar da admissão do modelo de cabeçote analisado. / The present work proposes to execute steady state bench test, swirl number measurements, using a modular device and cylinder head intake ports from a diesel engine manufactured via rapid prototype (RP) techniques. Swirl number measurements with intake ports produced by RP, bring as main advantages: Tests reproducibility, easy to measure the swirl number variances in consequence of potential casting or machining process deviations besides of time reduction to the development of new intake ports geometry. The research is experimental and one sample of the investigated cylinder head was sent to the laboratory and the swirl number was measured for later results comparison. After the early development phase of data acquisition and design improvements, this cylinder head sample was then sectioned and digitalized as to know to have the same internal geometry in the intake ports produced via rapid prototype. The intake ports were assembled in the modular device to perform bench tests. All tests were performed in the same rig and with the same control system with aiming to reduce the external variables during data acquisition. When the mean results analysis was performed in order to compare the results between cylinder head and modular device using rapid prototype, no statistically significant changes were found. The proposed method represented the investigated cylinder head´s intake air flow.

Orientador: Anna Christina Bentes da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T00:12:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_Lilian_M.pdf: 59102620 bytes, checksum: 76d8cb1fba25317ffa250cb2f21b9561 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Tendo em vista que, de acordo com Sandig (2009), os textos, em certas situações (situacionalidade), cumprem determinadas funções que se referem a certos temas, nosso objetivo, neste trabalho, foi buscar as funções desempenhadas prototipicamente pelos tweets - mensagens de, no máximo, 140 caracteres, postadas em um ambiente na Internet chamado Twitter - produzidos pelos sujeitos escolhidos para nossa pesquisa. A partir das funções encontradas, evidenciamos também a situação em que elas são desempenhadas e o tema que desenvolvem. De acordo com Bakhtin (2003), o enunciado é marcado pela especificidade de sua esfera de atividade, razão pela qual decidimos selecionar, para este trabalho, sujeitos de esferas de atividades diferentes para analisarmos as funções prototípicas de seus tweets. Considerando que as esferas de atividade mais presentes no Twitter são as esferas cotidiana, literária, jornalística e artística, decidimos analisar, da esfera cotidiana, os tweets de Flávia Orci. Da esfera literária, os tweets de Fabrício Carpinejar. Da esfera jornalística, analisaremos os tweets da jornalista Rosana Hermann. Da esfera artística, os tweets de Rafinha Bastos. Analisamos ainda os tweets de João Pismel, que pode ser considerado um híbrido, uma vez que trata de tema da esfera cotidiana, mas age como um sujeito da esfera artística. Analisando os tweets postados por cada sujeito, no período de 15 a 30 de setembro de 2010, encontramos algumas funções prototípicas, isto é, funções que eram desempenhadas - com maior ou menor frequência, dependendo da esfera de atividade - pelos tweets de todos os sujeitos selecionados. Foram elas: informar, interagir e fazer refletir. Essas foram, portanto, as funções discutidas nesta pesquisa. Muito importante para este trabalho é o conceito de texto. Seguindo as abordagens de Koch (2011) e Hanks (1996), consideramos, aqui, texto como uma atividade interacional que preenche uma função comunicativa reconhecível num dado contexto social / Abstract: Considering that, according Sandig (2009), the texts, in certain situations, fulfill certain functions that refer to certain issues, our goal in this work was to seek the functions performed prototypically by the tweets - messages up to 140 characters posted on Twitter - produced by the subjects chosen for our study. From the functions found, we presented also the situation in which the tweets are performed and their theme. According to Bakhtin (2003), the statement is marked by the specificity of its sphere of activity, which is why we decided to select, for this work, subjects of different spheres of activities to analyze the prototypical functions of their tweets. Considering that the spheres of activity more present on Twitter are familiar, literary, journalistic and artistic, we decided to analyze, from familiar, Flavia Orci?s tweets. From the literary sphere, the Fabricio Carpinejar?s tweets. From the journalistic sphere, we will analyze the tweets of the journalist Rosana Hermann. From the artistic sphere, Rafinha Bastos? tweets. We also analyzed the tweets of João Pismel, which can be considered a hybrid, because it deals with the theme of familiar sphere, but acts as a subject of artistic sphere. Analyzing the tweets posted by each subject in the period from 15 to 30 September 2010, we found some prototypical functions, functions that were performed - with more or less often, depending on the sphere of activity - on the tweets of all subjects selected. They were: to inform, to interact and to reflect. These were therefore functions discussed in this study. Very important for this work is the concept of text. Following the approaches of Koch (2011) and Hanks (1996), we consider here the text as an interactive activity that fills a recognizable communicative function in a given social context / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestra em Linguística

Test management tools are used to structure and manage test processes in software and hardware development. The purpose of this project was to design a test report template editor for a test management tool with a focus on usability. Requirements analysis was made using domain analysis and stakeholder interviews. In the design phase, usage scenarios were developed as well as two paper prototypes. A final paper prototype was created based on feedback from the stakeholders. TDR reports is a WYSIWYG editor that provides a set of features that allow users to choose which information to include in their test reports. A basic usability evaluation was performed at the end of the study that indicated that the initial requirements were fulfilled.

This report describes the process of developing a user-friendly and responsive archive website. The website is a Hi-fi prototype and was created for the company JG Communications, to serve as an archive for their customers’ style guidelines. To create this website I have used HTML5 and CSS3 to make it responsive for various computer screens. I have also used PHP and some JavaScript to make some of the functions and Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator to make design elements for the prototype. The main purpose with this project was to come up with a design and most of all to come up with how the site should function. I have done user tests combined with interviews, content analysis on JG Communications website, and applied various design methods when building and designing the website.

The aim of this study was to find out whether Europeans and North Americans differ as to what they consider to be best examples of four categories; namely vehicles, clothes, vegetables, and furniture. I compared the two continents with each other and tried to find out to what extent the cultural differences really influence the best examples chosen by the research participants. Further, I briefly compared the prototypes with European females and males and North American females and males and tried to point out some differences between the two genders. Moreover I tried to connect the differences to cultural and gender related factors. The results show the existence of some good and some bad examples that were the same no matter if we looked at the European list or the North American one. However, as we have found out through our research there seem to be strong cultural reasons for the best examples the participants chose. It is a natural behavior to choose prototypes of categories that are well known by the research participants. The best known items are those which are present in the lives of the participants. So, for example riding a bicycle does not seem to be very common among people in North America. They consider bicycle only a lower average example for the category vehicles, whereas Europeans for example seem to use bicycles much more often. They place it on rank four out of 17. People seem to choose things they know or are interested in.

The aim of this study was to find a connection between changes in societies and changes in semantic prototypes by examining the prototypes of ‘fruit’ and ‘car’ among Slovenes that reached adulthood in Yugoslavia and Slovenes that that reached adulthood in the Republic of Slovenia and to compare those results with a control group of native English speakers. The results of the study suggests that in some aspects, the prototypes of ‘fruit’ and ‘car’ amongyounger Slovenes have moved closer to what they are in cultures that have a long history of capitalism and consumerism. The opinions about how good an example of a ‘fruit’ a banana is, is the best example of this. Younger Slovenes and the control group see it as a very good example, while older Slovenes rated it lower. The older Slovenes were also slightly more accepting of a very small car model being a good example of a ‘car’, than both younger Slovenes and the control group were.

The Aouda.X Space suit simulator, developed by The Austrian Space Forum( OeWF) currently consists of a system that weighs 48 kg of which nearly 57% is comprised of the Suit's HUT (Hard Upper Torso), PLSS (Portable Life Support System) and OBDH (On- board data handling). In addition to this, the current conguration requires 3 hours of assisted donning/doffing. To improve the ergonomics of the design, a relatively lighter HUT/PLSS design prototype with efficient donning capabilities, preferably self -donning, must be developed. This issue can be addressed by proposing a Rear - Entry Design that when implemented on the Aouda.X, can potentially ease these impediments.This study aims at identifying a suitable Rear entry closure design for the current conguration of Aouda.X based on planetary suit performance indicators and operational requirements. The Aouda.X rear entry design is also targeted to be compatible with the NDX -Suitport developed by the University of North Dakota's Human Space Flight Laboratory. The thesis work comprises of the development of a suitable methodology to distinguish a rear entry design for the HUT and PLSS of the spacesuit simulator with the identication of a self-sealing/locking mechanism based on these requirements. A full scale CAD model of the HUT and PLSS with optimal dimensions of compatibility for the Spacesuit with the suitport is designed as a result of this study. Static load bearing analysis is performed to validate the feasibility of the structure and make suitabe recommendations for choice of materials. Methods for further improvement for rear entry suit development are outlined.