<p>Inbyggda system blir allt vanligare i dagens samhälle. De inbyggda systemen finns i nästan allt nuförtiden, från diverse fordon till leksaker för barn.</p><p>Dagens teknik innebär bland annat att gårdagens lösningar kan realiseras på en bråkdel av den tidigare ytan. Allt mer blir ytmonterat med mindre och mer komplexa kretsar. Detta är inte alltid till utvecklarnas fördel då montering av prototypkort blir en svår och/eller dyr process.</p><p>Målet är att ta fram ett inbyggt system med en ARM-processor. Systemet ska innehålla USB-OTG, ethernet, minne av olika slag som FRAM och microSD samt en display med pekskärm för användargränssnitt. Projektet omfattar allt från komponentval till test och verifiering med programkod.</p><p>Tiden räckte inte till för att få med alla delar som planerats. Resultatet av projektet blev ett prototypkort och två små programsekvenser, en som blinkar två lysdioder på kortet och en som skriver ut en bild på displayen.</p><p>Detta inbyggda system är i första hand till för utvärdering av ARM-processorer för Mikrodidakt AB.</p> / <p>Embedded systems has become more and more common in today's society. The embedded systems are included in almost everything today, from various vehicles to children's toys.</p><p>Today's technology means that yesterday's solutions can be realised on a fraction of the area. More and more become surface mounted with smaller and more complex circuits. This is not always an advantage for the developers when assembling and soldering prototype circuit boards become a more difficult and/or an expensive process.</p><p>The goal is to create an embedded system with an ARM-processor. The system will consist of USB-OTG, ethernet, various memory like FRAM and microSD and a display with touchscreen for user interface. The project includes everything from choice of components to test and verification with program code.</p><p>The time was too short to include all the parts that was planned. The result of the project was a prototype card and two small program sequences, one that blinks the two light diodes on the card and one that writes a picture on the display.</p><p>This embedded system is intended for evaluating ARM-processors by Mikrododakt AB.</p>

Enligt statistiken år 2010 fanns det 26 individer sett från en grupp på 100.000 som var tilldelade oxygenbehandling i hemmet. Oxygenbehandlingen tillför en bestämd mängd oxygen till bäraren då möjligheten att själv förse sig med rätt mängd för överlevnad hämmats. Den dominerande sjukdomen till oxygenbehandling i hemmet är KOL, kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom. Som namnet antyder är det en kronisk sjukdom som ger inflammatoriska förändringar i lungans bronkioler. Dessa förändringar minskar andningsytan vilket resulterar i att individens andningskapacitet reduceras. Projektet använde metoder från dynamisk produktutveckling med användaren i fokus. Detta för att få fram en funktionell prototyp som kunde användas utav avsedd målgrupp och uppfylla det syfte, mål och krav som ställdes på projektets resultat. En viktig komponent som projektet därför arbetade med var insamling av data. För detta användes olika metoder som kunde tillskaffa sig information från både användare och förskrivare av oxygenbehandling.  Samtliga av de metoder som användes var beprövade sedan tidigare och projektet kunde därför med fördel genomföra intervjuer, observationer, matrisuppställningar, riskanalyser samt användartester på patienter med oxygenbehandling. Prototypen som togs fram i projektet resulterade i att avsedd målgrupp kunde utföra testmoment på den utan att det förekom risker med användandet. Resultatet uppfyllde därför syftet och målet med projektet som riktade sig mot att patienter skulle få möjlighet till att förflytta den syrgasslang som används vid oxygenbehandling. Vidare kunde slutsatsen dras att resultatet uppfyllde patienternas önskemål om att ta fram en möjlighet till förflyttning av syrgasslangen i hemmet samtidigt som det besvarade de frågeställningar som projektet strävade efter att besvara. Det fanns inga befintliga lösningar på det problem som beskrevs i projektet och det gav möjlighet att framställa en första prototyp som uppfyllde syftet och målet. / According to statistics, in 2010 there were 26 individuals seen by a group of 100,000 who were depending in home oxygen therapy (HOT). Oxygen treatment adds a certain amount of Oxygen to the patient because the ability to breathe correctly and sufficiently is negatively affected. The dominant disease that leads to HOT is COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. As the name suggests, it is a chronic disease which gives inflammatory changes to the lung bronchioles. These changes affect the breathing surface which results in that the individuals’ respiratory capacity becomes reduced. The project used methods from dynamic product development with the user in focus. This to obtain a functional prototype that could be used by the target group and to fulfill the purpose, goals and requirements set for the project's results. An important component of the project therefore was to work with the collection of data. For this, various methods were used to obtain information from users as well as prescribers of HOT. All of the methods used have been tested earlier and proven reliable. This project collected information from interviews, observations, matrix arrays, risk analysis and usability testing in patients with HOT. The prototype developed in the project resulted in that the target group could perform live test without any risks during testing. The results showed that the aim and objective for the project were fulfilled, expressed in that patients would be able to move the oxygen tube used in HOT. It was further concluded that the results fulfilled the patients' desire and opportunity to move the Oxygen tube in their home and at the same time answered the questions that the project was to answer. There were no existing solutions to the problem which is included in the project, but it was possible to develop a first prototype that met the purpose and object of the project.

This monograph is an empirical study of the competition between the French movement verbs amener/apporter and emmener/emporter, regarded as partial synonyms in the sense that they are interchangeable in certain contexts. The main purpose of this study is to account for these competing verbs from the perspective of actual language use, and to determine to what extent they are synonymous. The study is based on a corpus of French newspaper texts, some literary texts and the answers from a group of informants. It is shown that these lexemes cannot be defined by the principle of shared properties of all the senses represented. They are best analysed as polysemous within the framework of the prototype theory, according to which there is a basic sense from which the other secondary senses are derived through metaphor or metonymy. In the case of these verbs the competition between them arises through the widening of the semantic content of the verbs amener and emmener, extended to the use of inanimate objects uncapable of movement. This case normally calls for the use of the verbs apporter et emporter. In response to the question of the degree of synonymy between these verbs, when adopting a cognitive perspective, it is argued that they are to be considered as lexical variants rather than as perfect synonyms, in the sense that they focus on different aspects of the described movement. In other words, there is an aspectual difference between these closely related lexemes which is determined not only by inherent semantic properties, but to a large extent also by non-linguistic properties, such as the perspective adopted by the speaker in describing the mouvement. Finally, it is pointed out that the prototypical sense of each verb not only explains the different derived senses it gives rise to, but also accounts for the aspectual difference between these competing verbs. / digitalisering@umu

From Britain¡¦s point of view, the problems of security and defense in India subcontinent were far greater than those of the maintenance of law and order and imperial rule in the subcontinent itself. For Indian subcontinent, it was the pivot of British power in all of Asia. Furthermore, British possessed the maritime supremacy, the main threat came from the land, especially form the Northwest frontier. British strategy for the defense of India¡¦s land frontiers was based on the following three points: (1) to maintain firm military strength in the most vulnerable parts of the frontier, i.e., the Northwest frontier and Baluchistan, and to keep the tribes of this area pacified or under their control by ¡§divide and rule¡¨ tactics, for the purpose of consolidating integrity of the Northwest frontier and the security of India subcontinent; (2) to encourage the establishment of a string of buffer states all along the perimeter of the subcontinent and to maintain influence or friendly relations with them; and (3) to prevent any contiguous territory and states form coming under the control of a strong power, notably Russia, if necessary by forceful means. Although there are many historical and geographic constraints in South Asia defense considerations, the present defense strategy of India has to be designed to meet the new circumstances. Throughout the years of independence the main security concern of India has been defense over both land and sea problems. On land, India has to handle the relationship with Pakistan and protect the Northeast frontier against the threat from China. In the past, the Northwest frontier was an unified area, after the retreat of British power in 1947, the geographical and strategic unity of the India subcontinent was broken. Moreover, India has nearly a coastline of 7,000 km long, but India doesn¡¦t have the maritime supremacy, so that it should be compelled to deal with potential threat from India ocean.

Univ., Diss. u.d.T.: Næss, Åshild: Transitivity: from semantics to structure--Nijmegen, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

The central goal of the current thesis was to increase our understanding of how representations of individual faces are built from instances that vary. The prototype effect was used as a tool to probe the nature of our internal face representations. In face recognition, the prototype effect refers to the tendency to recognize, or find familiar, the average image of a face after having studied a series of similar face images. The experiments presented in this thesis investigated the modulating role of different variables on the prototype effect in face recognition. In the study phase, two or more different exemplars based on the same identity were presented. In the test phase, one of the seen exemplars, the unseen prototype, and an unseen exemplar of each studied identity were presented one at a time, and participants were asked to make a recognition judgement about the prior occurrence of either the exact image or the person’s face. Variants of each face identity were either unaltered images of real people’s faces, or they were created artificially by manipulating images of faces using several different techniques. All experiments using artificial variants produced strong prototype effects. The unseen prototype image was recognized more confidently than the actually studied images. This was true even when the variants were so similar that they were barely perceptually discriminable. Importantly, even when participants were given additional exposure to the studied exemplars, no weakening of the prototype effect was observed. Surprisingly, in the experiments using natural images of real people’s faces, no clear recognition advantage for the prototype image was observed. Results suggest that the prototype effect in face recognition might not be tapping an averaging mechanism that operates solely on variations within the same identity.

In North America, industrial agriculture has led to cheap abundant food while separating direct links between the city and countryside. This thesis attempts to use architecture to reconnect people in Manhattan, New York City, with food production and serve as a model for sustainability. The thesis analyzes Manhattan’s food network, and seeks a site which has the potential for several factors: site accessibility, renewable resources, solar exposure, and integration into the community. These factors serve as the basis in which to build a hybrid prototype that is able to expose people to the process of food production through a combination of traditional outdoor farming methods and indoor hydroponics in the form of a vertical farm. Farmers and customers can be seen together as one entity instead of two disconnected dependencies. The reintegration of food production into the city can be seen as a re-alliance of the country and the city.

Praktinio pobūdžio bakalauro baigiamasis darbas, sudarytas iš penkių pagrindinių dalių: Monopolio žaidimo analizė, reikalavimų specifikacija, architektūros specifikacija, testavimo protokolas bei išvados, naudotojo ir diegimo vadovas. / Practical bachelor thesis, consisting of five major chapters: game Monopoly analysis, requirement specification, architecture specification, software test protocol, end-user and installation manual.

Transactional workloads have storage request streams consisting of many small, independent, random requests. Flash memory is well suited to these types of access patterns, but is not always cost-effective. This thesis presents a novel storage architecture called the SD Storage Array (SDSA), which adopts a many-device approach. It utilizes many flash storage devices in the form of an array of Secure Digital (SD) cards. This approach leverages the commodity status of SD cards to pursue a cost-effective means of providing the high throughput that transactional workloads require. Characterization of a prototype revealed that when the request stream was 512B randomly addressed reads, the SDSA provided 1.5 times the I/O operations per second (IOPS) of a top-of-the-line solid state drive, provided there were at least eight requests in-flight. A scale-out simulation showed the IOPS should scale with the size of the array, provided there are no upstream bottlenecks.

Transactional workloads have storage request streams consisting of many small, independent, random requests. Flash memory is well suited to these types of access patterns, but is not always cost-effective. This thesis presents a novel storage architecture called the SD Storage Array (SDSA), which adopts a many-device approach. It utilizes many flash storage devices in the form of an array of Secure Digital (SD) cards. This approach leverages the commodity status of SD cards to pursue a cost-effective means of providing the high throughput that transactional workloads require. Characterization of a prototype revealed that when the request stream was 512B randomly addressed reads, the SDSA provided 1.5 times the I/O operations per second (IOPS) of a top-of-the-line solid state drive, provided there were at least eight requests in-flight. A scale-out simulation showed the IOPS should scale with the size of the array, provided there are no upstream bottlenecks.