Magister Legum - LLM

This paper examines the changing nature of provincial constitutions in Canada. Provinces are granted the right to have their own constitutions by Sections 58-90 of the Constitution Act, 1867, and various sections of the Constitution Act, 1982. The substance of provincial constitutions includes various Acts of provincial parliaments, long-standing constitutional conventions, unwritten rules and principles and common law. With respect to the practice of responsible government, the provinces have long relied on the traditionally “flexible” nature of their largely unwritten constitutions. Using the case studies of statutes dealing with the executive and legislative branches of government in the provinces of British Columbia, Quebec, and Newfoundland and Labrador, this paper analyzes recent changes in the statutes (and therefore constitutions) of the provinces. The analysis shows that there have been many changes in provincial constitutions on the subject of responsible government. The constitutions increasingly recognize the role of the Premier and cabinets, to the detriment of the traditional roles of Lieutenant Governors and the legislatures. This is in line with general trends in Canada’s provinces toward increased executive dominance. The practice of codifying changes in provincial constitutions is also more in line with how constitutional change happens in the states of comparable federations such as Australia and the United States. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

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La presente tesis es elaborada con la finalidad de evaluar la eficiencia y el cumplimiento normativo de las obras públicas realizadas en la ciudad de Chiclayo, departamento de Lambayeque, por ello se tomó la obra que tiene como nombre: “Pavimento flexible en caliente Av. Pedro Ruiz entre Av. Luis Gonzales y Av. Eufemio Lora y Lora y Av. Eufemio Lora y Lora entre Av. Pedro Ruiz y Av. Fernando Belaunde”. Teniendo en cuenta nuestro objetivo general, ¿Cómo determinar la eficiencia en la gestión de las obras públicas infraestructura vial de la municipalidad provincial de Chiclayo año 2013, mediante la evaluación del cumplimiento normativo”, se realizó una investigación detallada para obtener una mejor predicción del destino de los recursos, costos de las obras, desembolsos, adquisiciones de materiales, precios e insumos requeridos y las fechas de inicio, vigencia y fin; previo a ello se abordó un marco teórico con los conceptos básicos de las variables empleadas, incluyendo la normativa que regula la ejecución de obras públicas, posteriormente, para complementar este trabajo se aplicó una encuesta a las personas que laboran en la Municipalidad Provincial de Chiclayo, y así poder tener un criterio más certero y óptimo sobre la eficiencia de las obras públicas y por consiguiente alcanzar los objetivos establecidos. La investigación realizada da como resultado que las entidades públicas encargadas de presupuestar y gestionar las obras públicas, no lo hacen de una manera eficiente al 100%; pero si cumplen con la Ley de Contrataciones de Estado y con todos sus lineamientos establecidos.

Esta investigación, ha abarcado la importancia del uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en los gobiernos locales, específicamente en la Municipalidad Provincial de Chiclayo, porque es necesario llevar a esta institución hacia la modernidad para que pueda realizar una gestión eficiente. Una forma de mejorar el servicio que brinda esta entidad es mediante la actualización de los procedimientos que los ciudadanos realizan, esto se logrará gracias a las TIC, fusionando el procedimiento administrativo tradicional, con el procedimiento administrativo electrónico. De esta manera, la Municipalidad se convertirá en una institución de fácil acceso para los administrados, ya que ahora se podrán enviar documentos, realizar trámites, solicitar un servicio y hasta realizar pagos de manera virtual, pudiendo además dar seguimiento a su expediente y ver el estado de su proceso por internet y recibir la respuesta a su solicitud mediante una resolución virtual. Así todos los ciudadanos se verán beneficiados con estos cambios y el gobierno municipal mejorará.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Sociology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / The debate on decentralisation has intensified on various global platforms wherein both developed and developing countries demonstrate interest in the subject. It is acknowledged by scholars and practitioners in the fields of social sciences and management sciences that decentralisation increases power and authority in sub-national governments. In the South African context, the Constitution of the Republic South Africa (RSA) (Section 156(4)) provides that functions such as the housing function must be assigned to local government. The Municipal Accreditation Programme as implemented by the Department of Human Settlements (DHS) is a classic case of decentralising (delegating and devolving) the housing function from one sphere of government to another in South Africa (DHS, 2012). Regardless of the constitutional provision for decentralisation, the challenge encountered is that the provincial sphere of government is unwilling to delegate and devolve the housing function to local government. As such, a scientific investigation was more than likely to unearth some of the reasons for the unwillingness and challenges affecting the Accreditation Programme in order to provide possible solutions and policy recommendations regarding the problem identified. The purpose of the study was to explore the challenges and perceptions on decentralising the housing function to the local government in South Africa using the case of the Accreditation Programme. The study was anchored by the Weberian Theory of Bureaucracy and Rationalisation. Also, Peter Evans’s embedded thesis was utilised as ancillary to Weberian theory. A qualitative research study was conducted wherein an exploratory case study design was adopted. Purposive sampling was utilised to single out relevant participants for the research problem identified. Interviews were conducted to gather data and thematic data analysis was utilised to analyse data. Besides the solutions provided which are more on the applied dimension for the empirical contribution of the study, this study also provides a theoretical contribution by suggesting some fundamental basis of a Weberian developmental state theory in the South African context. The empirical and theoretical contribution that this study provides address the researcher’s quest to contribute in generating knowledge on the subject of decentralisation. / Department of Human Settlements (DHS)

The master thesis examines the involvement of the United States of America, Germany and the Czech Republic in post-conflict reconstruction and state building in Afghanistan through their Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRT). The aim of the thesis is to find out to what extent the Provincial Reconstruction Teams represent their founder countries' effort of state building in Afghanistan, and to deduce the differences among their attitudes to state building in Afghanistan by comparing their PRTs' activities. Countries directly found their PRTs and therefore their attitude to state building in Afghanistan should be reflected in the activities of their PRTs. The PRTs should reflect the priorities of their founder countries in reconstruction of Afghanistan. This thesis begins with outlining the links among the PRTs, state building and NATO's comprehensive approach and counterinsurgency strategy which pays attention to the civilian aspects of fighting wars. The U.S., German and Czech preferences regarding the state building are examined through their foreign policy documents. Activities of the U.S., German and Czech PRTs are analysed to verify, whether they correspond to their countries' proclaimed aims in the field of state building in Afghanistan.

This paper deals with the post-conflict reconstruction in Afghanistan after the NATO-invasion at the end of 2001 and its success. To ensure the stability of the country, the NATO-led coalition had not only to overthrow the Taliban regime, but also to create basic government structures and help them perform. Reconstruction is of course very common and necessary after conflict, it is however usually operated by strictly civilian measures, e. g. government institutions and humanitarian organisations. In this case, however, such approach was not possible due to volatile security situation, which in some areas grew to such intensity, it essentially became a war-conflict again. This paper focuses on the Herat province and NATO units, especially under ISAF command. It seeks to define the process of post-conflict reconstruction and using the process-tracing method, it then ascertains the extent to which ISAF units dedicated themselves to post-conflict reconstruction and made a positive progress in this area. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The diploma thesis deals with deployment of German army within ISAF strategy in Afghanistan. The deployment of military forces is one of the most discussed queries in German politics and among German public. The thesis analyses the development in Afghanistan from 2001 to September 2013. The thesis is divided into three parts. Firstly, I define the theory of role and the concept of civil power, which is one of approaches for analysis of foreign policy. I define some criteria and according to them I examine, if Germany behaves in Afghanistan as civil power, for which is it considered. In the following part I deal with the development in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2009. I analyse the beginning of OEF and ISAF operations, mandate's extensions, the reasons for deployment in Afghanistan and the development of the security situation in country. The main part of this thesis is the deployment of German army within new ISAF strategy in Afghanistan, which was declared by American president Barack Obama in 2009. The thesis focuses on the attitude of Germany to the most important events in this period, for example to the declaration of new ISAF strategy, to international conference on Afghanistan in London, to transition to afghan lead, to the leaving of the international troops and to support after the year...

The diploma thesis Provincial Courts in 16th Century Portrayals in Bohemia deals with portrayals of the higher provincial courts sessions in Bohemia in the 16th century as well as with their typology. In this time arose mural paintings, which decorated representative spaces of some residences which belonged to the prominent nobleman families, pictures and graphics which illustrated treatises with law themes. The aim of this thesis is to map these portrayals, compare them and set them into the cultural-historical context.