Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka om människors intentioner att donera pengar påverkas av deskriptiva normer. Följande hypoteser användes: 1) Både sociala närhetsnormer (du agerar som personer du känner samhörighet med gör) och provinsiellas normer (du agerar efter de lokala normer som gäller för platsen du befinner dig på) ökar människors intentioner att donera till välgörande ändamål jämfört med ett standardförfarande där välgörenhetsorganisationen enbart signalerar altruistiska ideal och 2) Sociala närhetsnormer leder till starkare intentioner att donera jämfört med provinsiella normer. En kvantitativ metod har använts, instrumentet var ett självskattningsformulär. Etthundraåttio personer, deltog i studien och blev således tilldelade ett av experimentets tre villkor (social närhetsnorm, provinsiell norm, eller standard villkor). Den provinsiella normen bidrar till en högre frekvens av donationer än standardförfarandet och det sociala närhetsvillkoret. Slutsatsen är att välgörenhetsorganisationer kan ha nytta av att ta hänsyn till och använda sig av provinsiella normer vid insamlingar. / The aim of this study was to examine whether people´s intent to donate money is influenced by descriptive norms. Our hypotheses were as follows: 1) Both the social closeness norm (you behave as people close to you do) and the provincial norm (you behave as the local norms of the location where you are at prescribe) increase people´s self-reported intent to donate money to charity compared to the control group where the welfare organisation only try to activate your altruistic ideals and 2) Social closeness norms induce a stronger intent to donate money compared to provincial norms. A qualitative method has been used and the instrument was a self-report questionnaire. One hundred eighty people participated in the study and were thereby given one of the tree conditions (social closeness norm, provincial norm, or the standard condition). The use of provincial norms leads to a higher donation frequency than the standard condition and the social closeness condition.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aim: To investigate whether Mpumalanga Province's representation in the NCOP can be improved. Problem: The Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature is not performing as expected in the NCOP. The views of Mpumalanga Province are not articulated well in the NCOP. This may be as a result of a lack of research capacity within the Provincial Legislature. The available researchers are not experienced in the political and policy environment. The NCOP meeting cycle or timetable also does not allow enough time for the provinces to adequately prepare for pieces of legislation. There is further little or no interaction between the chairpersons of the Provincial Portfolio Committees and their counterparts in the NCOP. There is poor coordination, planning and communication within the provincial legislature. The Mpumalanga NCOP Liaison Office in Cape Town is not adding value to the information flow from Parliament to the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature. It is acting as a post box by passing information on without any further research and analysis. The research question is: How to improve the effectiveness of the Mpumalanga representation in the National Council of Provinces? Hypothesis: The role of the Mpumalanga NCOP Liaison Office in Parliament needs to be redefined, and the research capacity of the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature needs to be enhanced, in order to increase the effectiveness of the representation of Mpumalanga Province in the NCOP. Methodology: The following methods were used in this study; • Face to face interviews with the Chairperson of the NCOP, Ms N Pandor. • A structured questionnaire was sent to the Chief Whip of the NCOP, Mr. E Surty and selected members from the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature. • Participant observation was used, as the researcher was, at the time of this study, an employee of the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature stationed at the NCOP. • A literature study was also undertaken. Scope: The study concentrated on the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature while lessons were drawn from other provinces. There is no universally agreed upon criterion to judge what constitutes organizational effectiveness. Evidence from the literature revealed that in order to improve organizational effectiveness, the Goal Attainment, Systems and Strategic Constituencies Approaches to organizational effectiveness need to be combined. These approaches are not mutually exclusive. The focus of the Goal Attainment Approach is mainly on ends while the Systems Approach concentrates on means to achieve the ends. The Strategic Constituencies Approach seeks to appease those stakeholders, in the environment, with potential to threaten organizational stability. Major Findings: Observation, personal experience and the responses from the informants tended to confirm the hypothesis. This study revealed that the researchers of the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature were not empowered to deal with legislative matters. Major ConclusionslRecommendations: The most important recommendations are; .:. That Parliament should introduce legislation that will enable Provincial Legislatures to confer authority on their delegations to cast votes uniformly on their behalf in the NCOP . •:. That the brief of the provincial research unit be clearly specified. That a research agenda for each session of Parliament be set. .:. That the role of Regis House staff be expanded to include research, administration and liaison work. .:. That all researchers and senior staff of the organization be re-briefed on the functioning of the Provincial Legislature . •:. That comparative research be conducted on KwaZulu Natal and Western Cape who seemed to produce the best results. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelwit: Om ondersoek in te stel of die Mpumalanga Provinsie se verteenwoordiging op die Raad van Provinsies verbeter kan word. Probleem: Die Mpumalanga Wetgewer presteer nie na verwagting in die Nasionale Raad van Provinsies (NRVP) nie. Die sieninge van die Mpumalanga Provinsie word nie goed weergegee in die NRVP nie. Dit mag wees as gevolg van 'n gebrek aan navorsingskapasiteit in die Provinsiale Wetgewer (PW). Die beskikbare navorsers het nie ondervinding in die politieke en beleidsomgewing nie. Die NRVP siklus of tydskedule gee nie genoeg tyd aan provinsies om behoorlik vir wetgewing voor te berei nie. Daar is min of geen interaksie tussen die voorsitters van die Provinsiale Portefeulje Komitees en hul kollegas in die NRVP nie. Daar is ook swak koordinasie, beplanning en kommunikasie in die Provinsiale Wetgewer. Die Mpumalanga NRVP se skakelkantoor in Kaapstad voeg geen waarde toe tot die vloei van inligting van die Parlement na die Mpumalanga Provinsiale Wetgewer nie. Tans dien dit net as 'n posbus, wat inligting deurgee sonder verdere navorsing en analise. Die navorsingsvraag is, hoe kan die verteenwoordiging van die Mpumalanga Provinsie in die NRVP verbeter word? Hipotese: Die rol van die Mpumalanga skakelkantoor in die Parlement moet herdefinieer word en die navorsingskapasiteit van die Provinsiale Wetgewer moet versterk word, om die effektiwiteit van die verteenwoordiging van die Mpumalanga provinsie te verbeter in die NRVP. Metodologie: Die volgende metodes is gebruik in hierdie studie: • Persoonlike onderhoude met die Voorsitter van die NRVP, Me N Pandor. • 'n Gestruktureerde vraelys is gestuur na die Hoofsweep van die NRVP, Mnr E Surty en die teikengroep lede van die Mpumalanga Provinsiale Wetgewer. • Deelnemende waarneming is gebruik, omdat die navorser tydens die studie 'n werknemer van die Mpumalanga Provinsiale Wetgewer was, gestasioneer by die NRVP. • 'n Literatuurstudie is ook onderneem. Omvang: Die studie het gekonsentreer op die Mpumalanga Provinsiale Wetgewer, terwyl lesse geleer is vanaf ander provinsies. Daar is geen universeel ooreengekome kriteria waarop organisasies se effektiwiteit beoordeel kan word nie. Die geraadpleegde literatuur bevestig die hipotese. Die skrywers se gevolgtrekkings toon aan dat die volgende benaderinge tot organisatoriese effektiwiteit gekombineer moet word om 'n organisasie se effektiwiteit te verbeter: die doelwitbereikingsbenadering; sisteem en strategiese kiesafdelingsbenadering. Hierdie benaderings is nie onderling uitsluitend nie. Die fokus van doelwitbereikingsbenadering is hoofsaaklik op resultate terwyl die sisteembenadering konsentreer op maniere om die gevolge te bereik. Die strategiese kiesafdelingsbenadering probeer al die rolspelers met die potensiaal om organisatoriese stabiliteit te bedreig, bevredig,. Hoof Bevindinge: Waarneming, persoonlike ervaring en terugvoering vanaf die respondente het die hipotese deurgaans bevestig. Die studie het getoon dat die navorsers van die Mpumalanga Provinsiale Wetgewer nie wetgewende sake behoorlik kan hanteer nie. Belangrikste Gevolgtrekkings/Aanbevelings: Dit sluit in: ~ Die Parlement moet wetgewing voorlê wat die Provinsiale Wetgewers sal toelaat om hul afgevaardigdes te magtig om hul stemme eenvormig te kan uitbring in die NRVP namens daardie wetgewers. ~ Dat die opdrag van die provinsiale navorsingseenheid duidelik uitgespel word ~ Dat 'n navorsingsagenda bepaal word vir elke sessie van die Parlement ~ Dat die rol van Regis House personeel uitgebrei word om navorsing, administrasie en skakelwerk in te sluit ~ Dat alle navorsers en senior personeel van die organisasie geherorienteer word rakende die werksaamhede van die Provinsiale Wetgewer ~ Dat vergelykende navorsing gedoen word oor KwaZulu Natal en Wes Kaap wat die beste resultate lewer.

Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African Constitution, 1996, requires a development–oriented public administration, cultivating good human resources management and career development practices to maximise human potential. Talent management complies with this constitutional requirement as a practice that ensures that people with the required skills and aptitude are attracted, developed, utilised and retained to increase workplace productivity. The Provincial Government Western Cape (PGWC) has aligned itself with talent management by focusing on the attraction, development and retention of skills to address poverty and unemployment. The Western Cape Provincial Treasury (WCPT), which manages the PGWC finances, has however experienced high employee turnover rates lately with talented employees leaving the organisation for other public service departments or private sector organisations. This thesis assessed WCPT’s approach to talent management by: Obtaining an understanding for why talented employees left or are leaving WCPT; Exploring the concept of talent management in organisations globally; Exploring the legislative context for talent management in the South African public service; and Determining what WCPT’s approach to talent management is by using WCPT as a case study. A qualitative case study research design with unstructured interviews, a survey questionnaire and documentation were used to conduct this study. The case study of WCPT was used to draw inferences between the practice and theory in the literature review to understand why talented employees left and are leaving WCPT and what WCPT’s approach to talent management is. It was found that job dissatisfaction was the broad reason why talented employees left WCPT. Job dissatisfaction includes dissatisfaction about competitive salaries, sufficient training and development, a career planning programme, work-life balance, and so on. A draft talent management strategy has been formulated for WCPT but has not been implemented because the Human Resources department of WCPT has been relocated to the Department of the Premier as a result of the modernisation1 of public service departments in the PGWC. This thesis has made recommendations that the draft talent management strategy be implemented, despite the absence of the Human Resources department, as part of a broader strategy to establish WCPT as an employer of choice. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: The Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet, 1996 vereis ʼn publieke administrasie wat goeie menslike hulpbron bestuurspraktyke bevorder en loopbaanontwikkeling sowel as menslike potensiaal aanhelp. Talentbestuur voldoen aan hierdie vereiste deur te verseker dat mense met vaardighede gewerf, ontwikkel, aangewend en behou word om produktiwiteit te verbeter. Die Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Regering het homself in lyn gebring met hierdie grondwetlike vereiste deur te fokus op die werwing, ontwikkeling en behoud van vaardighede om armoede en werkloosheid aan te spreek. Die Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Tesourie (WKPT) het egter, inteendeel, ʼn hoë omset in talentvolle werknemers ondervind, wie die organisasie verlaat het vir posisies in ander openbare sektor departemente sowel as privaatsektor organisasies. Hierdie verhandeling het die WKPT se benadering tot talent bestuur gemeet deur: ʼn Begrip te verkry vir hoekom talentvolle werknemers WKPT verlaat het; om die begrip talentbestuur in organisasies wêreldwyd te verken; om die wetlike konteks van talentbestuur in openbaresektor organisasies in Suid-Afrika te ondersoek; en om vas te stel wat WKPT se benadering tot talentbestuur is deur WKPT as ʼn gevallestudie te gebruik. ʼn Kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp was gebruik om die navorsings probleem te ondersoek met ongestruktureerde onderhoude, ʼn meningsopname vraelys en dokumentasie as navorsingsmetodes. Die gevallestudie van WKPT was gebruik om verskille tussen die praktyk en die teorie te verstaan en vas te stel waarom talentvolle werknemers WKPT verlaat het en wat die organisasie se benadering tot talentbestuur is. Daar was gevind dat werknemerontevredenheid die oorhoofse rede was waarom talentvolle werknemers WKPT verlaat het. Werknemerontevredenheid sluit in hierdie geval ontevredenheid oor kompeterende salarisse, genoegsame opleiding en ontwikkeling, ʼn loopbaanontwikkelingsprogram en werk-leefbalans in. WKPT het ʼn konsep talentbestuur strategie ontwerp, maar dit was egter nog nie geimplementeer nie omdat die menslikehulpbronne department van WKPT verskuif was na die Departement van die Premier. Hierdie verhandeling het aanbeveel dat die konsep talentbestuur strategie nog steeds geimplementeer word ten spyte van die feit dat die menslikehulpbron department verskuif was. Die implementering van hierdie strategie sal deel uitmaak van ʼn oorhoofse strategie om WKPT te vestig as ʼn werknemer by keuse.

Le diocèse de Toulouse, situé à cheval sur le Languedoc et le Gascogne, a subi d'importantes destructions durant les guerres de Religion. Un tiers des édifices religieux ont été détruits en 1596. Inséré dans une région où les protestants ont conquis de nombreuses villes, les Toulousains se sentent littéralement assiégés par le protestantisme, et cette appréhension renforce les ressorts d'une politique religieuse menée par l'archevêque, le puissant parlement de Toulouse et les laïcs. La Réforme catholique débute en 1590, au moment du concile provincial sous l'impulsion du cardinal de Joyeuse (1588-1605). Celui-ci, fortement empreint des idées borroméennes, en pose les cadres durables. Une visite systématique du diocèse est menée, des institutions nouvelles sont mises en place et les fondements du concile de Trente sont publiés par le biais des canons du concile provincial. Ses successeurs, malgré les longues périodes devacance du siège archiépiscopal, poursuivent la politique menée. On observe alors, grâce aux conférences ecclésiastiques notamment, un glissement des institutions, mises au service d'une meilleure connaissance des réalités religieuses et de la réforme des prêtres et des fidèles. Une campagne importante de reconstructions débute aussi de manière assez précoce dans le diocèse et constitue une des réussites les plus remarquables de la Réforme catholique,néanmoins avec une chronologie différenciée. Il en est de même pour la réforme des prêtres, dont nous étudierons les nombreux ressorts. La Réforme catholique implique de nombreux acteurs. Leur multiplicité est liée à la structure sociale de la ville de Toulouse, ville parlementaire par excellence. La politique religieuse connaît alors une articulation constante entre la Réforme catholique, comme réforme in capito et in membris et la Contre-Réforme, c'est-à-dire la volonté d'éradiquer toute présence du protestantisme. Cette politique, menée bien au-delà du cadre administratif du diocèse, constitue une grande réussite de la fin du XVIIe siècle.

Perceived failures of previous service delivery models within the Gauteng Provincial Departments dictates for experimentation with new working and improved models. Gauteng Shared Service Centre was established to improve efficiencies and effectiveness and service delivery to all citizens in the province. This study conceptualizes and analyses integration of Gauteng Shared Service Centre Organisation Development functions. Specialisation within the component seems to create problems both for the component internally and its client externally which may have a spill-over effect to service delivery to the provincial citizens. The General Systems Theory is utilized to facilitate the analysis of the Organisation Development component from a system’s perspective. This component of the GSSC, like any system exits for the achievement of a specific objective. Working together among system components is crucial for efficiencies. Integration is crucial in coordinating all specialist tasks of the component for improved service delivery to clients. / Public Administration and Management / M.A. (Public Administration)

1 Abstract (in English): This dissertation compares depictions of Roman jewellery and brooches on monuments with archaeological finds. These monuments are mainly of funerary character and they come primarily from Noricum, Pannonia, Germania, in lesser amount also from Gallia and some other areas. Jewellery is also related to local variants of provincial clothing. A typology of Roman jewellery is given and subsequently I try to find analogies to these jewellery types among the depictions. The typology mentioned here doesn't represent a complete list of jewellery types and variants. It focuses on the most common variants and variants which are relevant to the depictions of jewellery. By comparison of the archaeological finds to the depictions it is possible to obtain more accurate image of the appearance of clothing in different provincial areas and also of some specific traditions related to jewellery. The majority of depicted jewellery was identified with archeaological finds of jewellery, yet some cases stay unclear.

Luboš Rypka Římsko-provinciální keramika doby římské a období stěhování národů v Čechách (The Pottery from the Roman Provinces in Bohemia during the Roman and Migration Period). Unpublished master thesis. ÚPRAV FFUK Praha (Institute of Prehistory and Early History, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague). Praha/Prague 2012. Keywords: Roman-provincial pottery, archaeological finds, Roman imports, Roman Period, Migration Period, Bohemia Abstract In his master thesis, author focuses on the finds of Roman-provincial pottery in Bohemia during the Roman and Migration Period from 68 sites in 58 cadastral units. A number of 208 pottery sherds from the settlements of Roman and Migration Period as well as 16 preserved whole or only slightly damaged vessels from the graves of Migration Period, are analyzed. Together, there must had been at least 173 up to 194 ceramic vessels of Roman-provincial origin imported into region of Bohemia. The main stress is putted on an elaborate catalogue of finds. In the analytical part, the 11, respectively 12 main categories of Roman-provincial pottery featured in Bohemia are set aside, the essential finds are briefly discussed and the possible directions of supply of (not only) ceramic import from the Roman Provinces into Bohemia are outlined.

Résumé Our thesis deals with topic a space of a small town in Czech literature. Why the authors of various generations write about a small town, what is changing in a small / provincial town, what remains the same - these are the basic questions to answer. When creating our contribution we have used language and literature publications, dictionaries, anthologies and works of selected authors Jan Neruda, Karel Poláček, Jan Drda, Bohumil Hrabal. We have found that historical factors affect both the choice of subject and method of writing and readers' perception. In difficult periods of life writers and readers return to certainties, even idealized, which childhood time brings. The small town is presented as a space where everything has its own order, there are typical and similar characters (leaders, figurines, individuals). We can discover two faces of a small town society. The atmosphere of a small town in a specific period is made of spoken language, speech and dialogues of characters too. In our work we mentioned films based on stories of our selected authors. This thesis could be beneficial for students of secondary schools or reading audience that finds pleasure in literature with small / provincial town theme.

Laodicée-sur-Mer, l’actuelle Lattaquié se situe sur la côte méditerranéenne de la Syrie au Nord. Elle a joué un rôle très important depuis sa fondation par Séleucos Ie, ce rôle a surtout consisté en son monnayage. L’histoire monétaire de Laodicée a commencé en 300 av. J.-C. avec la frappe des monnaies au type d’Alexandre le Grand. Puis des émissions municipales sont apparues sous le règne d’Antiochos IV et d’Alexandre Bala. Laodicée, après l’an 82/81, a frappé de grande quantité de tétradrachmes civiques. Elle a conservé son rôle pendant l’époque impériale, et a connu l’âge d’or lorsqu’ elle est devenue capitale à la place d’Antioche en 194 puis colonie en 198 sous Septime Sévère. La dernière émission de Laodicée s’est faite sous le règne de Trébonien Galle (251 - 253 ap. J.-C.) La première étape de notre travail consiste dans l’élaboration d’un corpus chronologique des séries et des émissions monétaires et l’étude des coins. La deuxième étape étudie les coins et le rythme de production, ainsi que la circulation des monnaies. En ce qui concerne la dernière partie de cette thèse, elle porte sur l’étude historique de Laodicée aux époques hellénistique et romaine à partir des sources classiques, des inscriptions grecques et latines de la ville, de même que les résultats archéologiques des fouilles à Lattaquié et de son monnayage. / Laodicea-on-Sea, is the modern Lattakia located on the north Mediterranean coast of Syria. This city played an important role since it was founded by Seleucus Ie, this role mostly consisted of his coinage. The monetary history of Laodicea started 300 BC with the coinage type of Alexander the Great. Later on, municipal issues have emerged during the reign of Antiochus IV and Alexander Bala. Laodicea, after the year 82/81 struck a large number of civic tetradrachms. It has retained its role during the imperial era, and has experienced a golden age when it became the capital instead of Antioch in 194 AD. It became a colony during 198 AD under Septimius Severus. The latest coinage issue of Laodicea was made during the reign of Trebonianus Gallus (251-253 AD.) The first step of our study consists on developing a chronological corpus of the different series and monetary issues and on studying the coins. The second step of our work is on the coinage study and the pace of production and circulation of the coins. The last part of our thesis studies the history of Laodicea in the Hellenistic and Roman periods through the classical sources, the Greek and Latin inscriptions of the city that have been discovered, as well as the archaeological findings from the excavations in Lattakia and from its coinage.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a criação de espaços de poder provincial em São Paulo mediante o estudo da atuação política do Conselho da Presidência (1824-1834) e do Conselho Geral (1828-34), os quais juntamente com a presidência da província constituíram a base do poder provincial durante o Primeiro Reinado e os anos iniciais do período regencial, até a extinção de ambos os Conselhos, em 1834. A dissertação procura, concomitantemente, entrelaçar tal discussão com o debate político desenvolvido pela imprensa paulista do período, notadamente pelos periódicos O Farol Paulistano (1827-1831) e O Observador Constitucional (1829-1832), que por sua vez representam os dois primeiros jornais impressos na província de São Paulo. Ao levar em consideração o papel fundamental que a imprensa desse período desempenhou como veículo de produção, discussão e disseminação de ideais e projetos políticos vinculados a grupos de interesses distintos, a análise dos periódicos selecionados possibilita aprofundar o entendimento não apenas da imprensa paulista e dos elementos envolvidos na sua implementação e manutenção, mas também da inserção da província de São Paulo no interior de um processo histórico mais amplo que foi o da construção das bases políticas do Império. Nesse sentido, o trabalho pretende problematizar o posicionamento político dos periódicos em questão, partindo da hipótese de que não constituíam conjunto homogêneo, aspecto esse que ajuda a compreender as nuanças políticas da Província de São Paulo no Primeiro Reinado e no período inicial da Regência. / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the creation of provincial political areas in São Paulo through the study of the political performance of the Provincial Councils (Conselho da Presidência and Conselho Geral), which along with the provinces presidency formed the local power structure between the First Reign (1822-1831) and the beginning of the Regency Period (1831-1834). The dissertation purposes at the same time to link such analysis to the political discuss developed by the paulista press, mainly by O Farol Paulistano (1827-1831) and O Observador Constitucional (1829-1832), the first two printed newspapers in São Paulo. Taking into consideration the basic role that the press of that time represented as a vehicle of discussion and dissemination of distinct political projects, the analysis about the chosen periodicals enables a better understanding of the São Paulos press, the people involved in its implementation and maintenance, as well as the insertion of São Paulo in the political emperial bases construction in 19th century. In this regard, the research intends to bring out the essential elements of the political conceptions of the two newspapers, starting from the hypothesis that they didnt compose a homogeneous group, aspect that helps to understand the political nuances in São Paulo in the First Reign and in the initial period of the Regency.