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Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva hur mammor med synnedsättning och barn i åldern 0-16 år upplever sin psykosociala hälsa samt hur de hanterar sin situation. Metod: En deskriptiv studie med en kvalitativ ansats. Data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman. Totalt analyserades intervjuer med åtta informanter. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fem kategorier och 20 subkategorier: Att vara förälder med synnedsättning, att som synskadad möta sin omgivning, att få stöd, att hantera vardagen, att fysiskt och psykiskt påverkas av sin situation.  Resultaten visade att mammor med synnedsättning med barn i åldern 0-16 år utsattes för ökad psykosocialt stress. De höga krav de själva ställde på sig, den tid och energi som synnedsättningen tog i anspråk samt genom att de valde att inte berätta för sin omgivning att de hade en synnedsättning ansågs vara en del av förklaringen. Resultaten visade även att mammor med synnedsättning upplevde att de för det mesta blev bra bemötta samt att det sociala nätverket var viktigt för att få vardagen att gå ihop. / Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how visually impaired mothers with children aged 0-16 years experienced their psychosocial health and how they handle their situation. Method: A descriptive qualitative interview study.  Data analysis was performed by qualitative content analysis according to Graneheim och Lundman. A total of eight interviews were analysed. Results: The analysis yielded five categories containing a total of 20 sub-categories: to be a visually impaired parent, to encounter your environment, to get support, to handle everyday life, to be psychologically and physically affected by the situation. The study concludes that visually impaired mothers with children aged 0-16 years were more prone to psychosocial stress. This, according to the results, is due to the high demands they have on themselves, the time and energy everything takes when you are visually impaired and by choosing to not tell people around you about your visual impairment. The results also show that visually impaired mothers mostly experience positive attitudes and that the individual social network is important in order to make ends meet in everyday life.

Background: Internalized weight stigma has gained growing interest due to its association with multiple health impairments in individuals with obesity. Especially high internalized weight stigma is reported by individuals undergoing bariatric surgery. For assessing this concept, two different self-report questionnaires are available, but have never been compared: the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) and the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS). The purpose of the present study was to provide and to compare reliability, convergent validity with and predictive values for psychosocial health outcomes for the WSSQ and WBIS. Methods: The WSSQ and the WBIS were used to assess internalized weight stigma in N = 78 prebariatric surgery patients. Further, body mass index (BMI) was assessed and body image, quality of life, self-esteem, depression, and anxiety were measured by well-established self-report questionnaires. Reliability, correlation, and regression analyses were conducted. Results: Internal consistency of the WSSQ was acceptable, while good internal consistency was found for the WBIS. Both measures were significantly correlated with each other and body image. While only the WSSQ was correlated with overweight preoccupation, only the WBIS was correlated with appearance evaluation. Both measures were not associated with BMI. However, correlation coefficients did not differ between the WSSQ and the WBIS for all associations with validity measures. Further, both measures significantly predicted quality of life, self-esteem, depression, and anxiety, while the WBIS explained significantly more variance than the WSSQ total score for self-esteem.

<p>This is a qualitative study, whose purpose is to examine if night shelters effects homeless peoples self-perceived psychosocial health. In Sweden alone there are almost 18000 homeless people, and 12% of them uses a night shelter. The homeless can’t be seen as a heterogeneous group but instead homelessness counts as a state of being in. The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare have done mapping over the homelessness since 1993 and the problem is an important part of what the welfare system has to fight against. A night shelter is one of many contributions to aid the homeless people in an effort to get them off the streets. To do this research, we have conducted seven interviews in total with the homeless men and the supervisor of a nigh shelter. The data analysing tool we used was inspired by the IPA-method and we found out that the shelter had both positive and negative effects on the users. The shelter provided the basic need for the homeless such as food, shelter and the opportunity to rest and also to wash themselves and clean their clothes. The shelter also provided important contacts with the local hospital and the social welfare for its users. The negative impact it had on their self-perceived psychosocial health was that they had nothing to do during the day other than drift around the town, drinking alcohol and using drugs. Another negative influence was that the homeless men felt a loss of their right to self-determination and that they sometimes felt treated like children. Other findings were that they found that the society made harder rules and demands for them than other citizens has to apply to.</p>

This is a qualitative study, whose purpose is to examine if night shelters effects homeless peoples self-perceived psychosocial health. In Sweden alone there are almost 18000 homeless people, and 12% of them uses a night shelter. The homeless can’t be seen as a heterogeneous group but instead homelessness counts as a state of being in. The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare have done mapping over the homelessness since 1993 and the problem is an important part of what the welfare system has to fight against. A night shelter is one of many contributions to aid the homeless people in an effort to get them off the streets. To do this research, we have conducted seven interviews in total with the homeless men and the supervisor of a nigh shelter. The data analysing tool we used was inspired by the IPA-method and we found out that the shelter had both positive and negative effects on the users. The shelter provided the basic need for the homeless such as food, shelter and the opportunity to rest and also to wash themselves and clean their clothes. The shelter also provided important contacts with the local hospital and the social welfare for its users. The negative impact it had on their self-perceived psychosocial health was that they had nothing to do during the day other than drift around the town, drinking alcohol and using drugs. Another negative influence was that the homeless men felt a loss of their right to self-determination and that they sometimes felt treated like children. Other findings were that they found that the society made harder rules and demands for them than other citizens has to apply to.

The aim of this essay is to examine the legal regulation of the Labour laws regarding the psychosocial work environment for employees, as well as the responsibility that the employer has regarding this. The essay also aims to examine how, in the future, the new regulation from the Swedish Work Authority regarding the organization and social work environment can change the responsibility of the employer. The methodology of the study includes a juridical and a legal sociology method to analyze the material. This, in turn, will answer the research questions. The laws of the work environment act are based on the directive from the EU about the work laws. Besides there are regulations complementing this stating the responsibility of the employers regarding the employees. Throughout the essay, the aim continues to examine what changes the new regulation can make. It also continues to examine how this could change women’s psychological health. The analysis of the essay points out the different ways of how the new relegation can change the laws and secondly, the outcome of the work environment today. The analysis discusses how this can change the responsibility of the employer in regard to the work environment laws. The conclusions are that there is a regulation through the work environment law regarding the psychosocial environment. What there are not are examples of different concrete measures for the Employer to take action, in order for it to improve. There may be changes in the future regarding the psychosocial environment, especially for women. But before the new regulation is made valid, and because there are not any cases of this to date, it is hard to make a solid conclusion.

Abstract   Background:  Breast cancer is the most common cancer for women, with over 8000 of cancer cases per year. Surgery is the most common form of treatment. Basis of illness and the loss of a breast can be a big trauma for the individual and affect many aspects. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate health-related quality of life and psychosocial situation and the need for support and care for women who undergone a mastectomy with or without reconstruction. Method: The study design was a descriptive study with qualitative approach. The selection was strategically consisting of the eight women from five cities which had undergone mastectomy with or without reconstruction. The interviews were semi-structured individual that analyzed using  content analysis. Results:All of the women felt that the body changed after the mastectomy.  Feelings of insecurity and discomfort were common. Among those who underwent reconstruction were all dissatisfied with the results. The quality of life was under the influence of individual plan in terms of reduced strength and altered personality. Two of the women  experienced a more active and enriched lifestyle, despite unsatisfactory reconstructions. The psychosocial health was perceived to have been adversely affected and the main support  came from the women's relatives. Desire for an increased deal of support from health care emerged. A good treatment and the opportunity for courses about state of disease where a positive experiences of care. The negative perceptions revolved around lack of time, stress, complications and impersonal encounters with hospital staff. Conclusion: The women in this  study seek more supportand knowledge. Personalized care where good communication and good treatment is the foundation, should be implemented. / Sammanfattning    Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen för kvinnor, över 8000 av cancerfallen per år består av bröstcancer. Kirurgi är den vanligaste behandlingsformen. Sjukdomsperiod samt förlorandet av ett bröst kan vara ett stort trauma för individen och således påverka psykiska, fysiska och sociala aspekter. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hälsorelaterad livskvalitet och psykosocial situation, samt behov av stöd och omvårdnad bland kvinnor som genomgått en mastektomi med eller utan rekonstruktion. Metod: Studiens design var en deskriptiv studie med kvalitativ ansats. Urvalet var strategiskt innehållandes åtta kvinnor från fem städer vilka hade genomgått mastektomi med eller utan rekonstruktion. Intervjuerna var individuella semistrukturerade sådana som analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Samtliga kvinnor upplevde att kroppen förändrats efter genomförd mastektomi. Känslor av osäkerhet och obehag var vanligt förekommande. Bland de som genomgått rekonstruktion var samtliga missnöjda med resultatet. Livskvaliteten var påverkad på individuella plan i form av minskad ork, nedsatt kraft och förändrad personlighet. Två av kvinnorna upplevde en mer aktiv och berikad livsstil, trots otillfredsställande rekonstruktioner. Den psykosociala hälsan upplevdes ha påverkats negativt och det huvudsakliga stödet kom från kvinnornas närstående. Önskan om ett utökat erbjudande av stöd och samtal från sjukvården framkom. Ett gott bemötande samt möjlighet till utbildning inom sjukdomstillstånd gav positiva upplevelser av vården. De negativa upplevelserna kretsade ofta kring tidsbrist, stress, sjukdomsbesked samt opersonliga möten. Slutsats: Kvinnorna i denna studie efterfråga mer stöd och kunskap. Individanpassad vård där god kommunikation och ett gott bemötande utgör grunden bör implementeras vid vårdtillfällen som strålbehandling samt cancerbesked.

<p>The purpose was to investigate design factors in nursing station work environments, to explore and compare outcomes of centralized and decentralized designs on nurses’ psychosocial health, work behaviors and indirect hospital economic implications. Six nursing units in three US hospitals participated in the study. A triangulation method was used. The approach included a literature review, hospital statistical data, observations, a survey and two focus groups. Results showed small variations in comparable hospital statistics. Observations revealed office type duties as an ongoing activity. Sound levels exceeded those recommended in all nursing stations. Nurses in the decentralized stations experienced lower sense of control. Four design themes emerged from the focus groups; nurse specific support, sense of control, professional privacy and requirements to stay separate but connected. In conclusion there was no evidence suggesting that either type of nursing station design could be regarded as better in terms of nurses’ psychosocial health and work behavior.</p>

The purpose was to investigate design factors in nursing station work environments, to explore and compare outcomes of centralized and decentralized designs on nurses’ psychosocial health, work behaviors and indirect hospital economic implications. Six nursing units in three US hospitals participated in the study. A triangulation method was used. The approach included a literature review, hospital statistical data, observations, a survey and two focus groups. Results showed small variations in comparable hospital statistics. Observations revealed office type duties as an ongoing activity. Sound levels exceeded those recommended in all nursing stations. Nurses in the decentralized stations experienced lower sense of control. Four design themes emerged from the focus groups; nurse specific support, sense of control, professional privacy and requirements to stay separate but connected. In conclusion there was no evidence suggesting that either type of nursing station design could be regarded as better in terms of nurses’ psychosocial health and work behavior.

Utifrån tidigare forskning påvisas att den psykosociala ohälsan inom arbetslivet har ökat. En förklaring till detta kan vara att det mer flexibla arbetslivet gör att arbetstagarens gränser mellan arbete och fritid suddas ut. Arbetsrelaterat överengagemang, work over-commitment (WOC), har vid tidigare studier visats ha en negativ inverkan på den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Brist på återhämtning är en faktor som oftare nämns i samband med psykosocial ohälsa. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka samband mellan arbetsrelaterat överengagemang och återhämtning samt om det skiljer sig åt gällande respondenter i privat respektive offentlig verksamhet. Metoden var kvantitativ och genomfördes via en webbenkät. 80 arbetstagare inom offentlig och privat verksamhet bjöds in att deltaga i studien, svarsfrekvens var 51,25%. Resultaten visar att det är små skillnader mellan grupperna avseende hur de skattar såväl arbetsrelaterat överengagemang som återhämtning. Ju mer tid för återhämtning desto lägre inverkan har arbetsrelaterat överengagemang. Korrelationsanalys visar att respondenter som ofta kommer i tidsnöd i sitt arbete och försämrad återhämtning på kort sikt har ett signifikant samband. Även hos respondenter där de närmaste säger att de offrar för mycket för arbetet fanns ett signifikant samband avseende brist på återhämtning efter en natt. / Previous research shows that health problem due to psychosocial health at work has increased. One explanation for this may be that the more flexible labor market means that the worker's boundaries between work and leisure blur. High work commitment, work over-commitment (WOC) has in previous studies been shown to have a negative impact on the psychosocial work environment. Lack of recovery is a factor often mentioned in relation to health problem due to psychosocial health. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between work-related overcommitment and recovery, and if there´s a difference between respondents in the private and public sectors. The study was quantitative and web questionnaire was distributed via e-mail. Invitation was send to 80 participants and the response rate was 51.25%. The results show that there are small differences between the groups regarding how they estimate both the work commitment and the recovery. The more time for recovery, the lower impact has work commitment. Correlation analysis shows that respondents who frequent lack of time in their work and increased recovery during short time has a significant correlation. Even among respondents where the relatives say they sacrifice too much for their work was a significant correlation of lack of recovery after one night.