Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 canassa_rd_me_ia.pdf: 1425813 bytes, checksum: f31b55518d0ce57f0beb77a3b0835cb9 (MD5) / Nesta dissertação de mestrado, que trata da interpretação mítica e psicológica do enredo dos quatro filmes: Caixa de Pandora (1928); Helena de Tória (1955) e Kill-Bill - Vol.1 e 2 (2003), analiso o comportamento das personagens principais e estabeleço uma conexão com as seguintes deusas gregas: Pandora, Afrodite e Deméter, numa leitura junguiana. Por mais racionais que possamos ser, nossos cérebros não resistem ao ímpeto de adotar relatos metafísicos para o entendimento dos mistérios naturais que determinam nossa existência. Os mitos possuem características humanas e, por meio de suas lendas, podemos compreender melhor nossas questões existênciais, na busca de sentido para vida humana. Os temas mitológicos contemplam tanto a sociedade, o coletivo, como a subjetividade humana, o individual, tornando-se universal, com seu poder de nos emocionar e de nos ensinar as verdades profundas da psique humana. Ao associar cinema, psicologia e mitologia, encontro uma nova leitura entre imagem e verbo e que poderá dar novo significado à leitura e a compreensão de um filme. / This master's degree thesis studies the mythical and psycological interpretations of the plot of the following four films: Pandora's Box (1928); Helen of Troy (1955); and Kill Bill - Vol. 1 and 2 (2003). The behavior of the main characters is studied and a connection with the following Greek goddesses is made: Pandora, Aphrodite and Demeter, according to Jungian analysis. No matter how rational we might attempt to be, our brains do not resist the urge to adopt metaphysical accounts in order to understand the mysteries and natural phenomena that determine our existence. Myths have human characteristics and, by means of their legends, one can better understand our existential issues, in search of the meaning of human life. Mythological themes embrace both society - the collective - and human subjectivity - the individual-, becoming universal, with their power to stir up our emotions and teach us the deepest truths of human psyche. By associating cinema, psychology and mythology I find a new reading of image and words which might give a new meaning to the reading and understanding of a film.

Intergroup discrimination is a pervasive fact of life and many factors are proposed to contribute or relate to its existence and expression (e.g. Staub, 2001). Though much research in social psychology has focused on the need for positive self-esteem as an underlying motive, in the past 25 years, evidence for the role of self-esteem in intergroup discrimination has at best proved contradictory (see Long & Spears, 1997; Rubin & Hewstone, 1998). More recently, other motivational constructs for human behaviour have been proposed to play a part in intergroup discrimination (e.g. Abrams & Hogg, 2001). This thesis focuses on the need to belong (or belongingness) as this has long been recognised as a basic human need (e.g. Horney, 1945) and recently, evidence has been provided to support this assumption (e.g. Baumeister & Leary, 1995). Thus the present thesis argues that as a fundamental need, the need to belong (NTB) would be expected to play a role in intergroup discrimination. In support of this assumption, results from some empirical studies are also highly suggestive of a link between intergroup discrimination and the NTB (e.g. Marques & Paez, 1994), though the current research programme is the first to explicitly examine this link. Seven experiments employing the same basic methodology were conducted to investigate the central hypothesis that engaging in intergroup discrimination decreases the NTB. Three experiments supported the hypothesis. Experiments 2 and 3 found that the NTB decreased for New Zealanders who engaged in intergroup discrimination and Experiment 7 found that members of a minimally socially important group showed a decrease in the NTB following intergroup discrimination when measured at a group level, but not at the personal level. Experiment 1 (Chapter 5) investigated the central hypothesis utilizing the minimal group paradigm (MGP). Despite participants exhibiting intergroup discrimination when given the opportunity, there was no significant change in their reported NTB. Thus the results of this experiment did not support the central hypothesis. Experiment 2 (Chapter 6) investigated whether the central hypothesis would be supported if participants were members of a realistic and meaningful social group category (i.e. New Zealanders). Results from this experiment showed that those participants who exhibited intergroup discrimination did in fact show a significant decrease in their NTB. Experiment 3 (Chapter 7) sought to replicate these results and to control for self-esteem effects utilizing New Zealand participants. Again, results supported the central hypothesis and no effect was found for either global or collective self-esteem. To test whether this result would generalize to other social categories, Experiment 4 (Chapter 8) tested whether the NTB would be decreased after women participants engaged in intergroup discrimination. Results found there was no significant difference in the NTB between women who engaged in discrimination and those who did not. Thus the central hypothesis and the results from Experiment 2 and 3 were not supported. To then investigate whether social influence accounted for the contradictory results from Experiments 1-4, Experiment 5 (Chapter 9) required women to publicly or privately state their intergroup discrimination. No significant changes were found in the NTB (from pre- to post- allocation task) for either private or public responding conditions, whether women engaged in intergroup discrimination or not. It was then assessed whether the importance to participants of the social identity in question was a factor. Experiments 6a and 6b (Chapter 10; women and men respectively) compared the NTB of participants with low identification with their social group, to high identifying participants. For both women and men, no significant changes were found in the NTB from pre- to post-allocation task for either high or low identifiers, regardless of whether they engaged in intergroup discrimination. Thus the central hypothesis was again not supported. Finally in Experiment 7, the NTB measure was re-evaluated and items were changed to be more group-oriented, compared to the original more individually-oriented items. The procedure used for Experiment 1 (i.e. MGP) was employed for Experiment 7 (Chapter 11) with participants completing both the personal and group versions of the NTB scale. The results for the modified group NTB scale showed that for participants who engaged in intergroup discrimination, group NTB decreased significantly from pre- to post- allocation task, compared with no significant change for those participants who did not engage in discrimination. No effects were found for either control or experimental participants� responses on the original NTB scale. Thus the central hypothesis and the results from Experiments 2 and 3 were supported. Furthermore, as was found for earlier experiments, there was no effect of either personal or collective self-esteem on the results for Experiments 4- 7. Taken overall, these results indicate that there may be a relationship between intergroup discrimination and the need to belong and that this may be most appropriately assessed using a group level measure of the NTB. Moreover, these results cannot be explained on the basis of self-esteem. Results from Experiments 2 and 3 may also indicate that if the social group category is meaningful enough for the individual (e.g. nationality), significant changes for the NTB at the personal level may occur. Despite the limitations of the present research, these results indicate that the investigation of the relationship between intergroup discrimination and the need to belong may further elucidate the underlying nature of prejudice. A number of possible directions for future research are discussed.

Intergroup discrimination is a pervasive fact of life and many factors are proposed to contribute or relate to its existence and expression (e.g. Staub, 2001). Though much research in social psychology has focused on the need for positive self-esteem as an underlying motive, in the past 25 years, evidence for the role of self-esteem in intergroup discrimination has at best proved contradictory (see Long & Spears, 1997; Rubin & Hewstone, 1998). More recently, other motivational constructs for human behaviour have been proposed to play a part in intergroup discrimination (e.g. Abrams & Hogg, 2001). This thesis focuses on the need to belong (or belongingness) as this has long been recognised as a basic human need (e.g. Horney, 1945) and recently, evidence has been provided to support this assumption (e.g. Baumeister & Leary, 1995). Thus the present thesis argues that as a fundamental need, the need to belong (NTB) would be expected to play a role in intergroup discrimination. In support of this assumption, results from some empirical studies are also highly suggestive of a link between intergroup discrimination and the NTB (e.g. Marques & Paez, 1994), though the current research programme is the first to explicitly examine this link. Seven experiments employing the same basic methodology were conducted to investigate the central hypothesis that engaging in intergroup discrimination decreases the NTB. Three experiments supported the hypothesis. Experiments 2 and 3 found that the NTB decreased for New Zealanders who engaged in intergroup discrimination and Experiment 7 found that members of a minimally socially important group showed a decrease in the NTB following intergroup discrimination when measured at a group level, but not at the personal level. Experiment 1 (Chapter 5) investigated the central hypothesis utilizing the minimal group paradigm (MGP). Despite participants exhibiting intergroup discrimination when given the opportunity, there was no significant change in their reported NTB. Thus the results of this experiment did not support the central hypothesis. Experiment 2 (Chapter 6) investigated whether the central hypothesis would be supported if participants were members of a realistic and meaningful social group category (i.e. New Zealanders). Results from this experiment showed that those participants who exhibited intergroup discrimination did in fact show a significant decrease in their NTB. Experiment 3 (Chapter 7) sought to replicate these results and to control for self-esteem effects utilizing New Zealand participants. Again, results supported the central hypothesis and no effect was found for either global or collective self-esteem. To test whether this result would generalize to other social categories, Experiment 4 (Chapter 8) tested whether the NTB would be decreased after women participants engaged in intergroup discrimination. Results found there was no significant difference in the NTB between women who engaged in discrimination and those who did not. Thus the central hypothesis and the results from Experiment 2 and 3 were not supported. To then investigate whether social influence accounted for the contradictory results from Experiments 1-4, Experiment 5 (Chapter 9) required women to publicly or privately state their intergroup discrimination. No significant changes were found in the NTB (from pre- to post- allocation task) for either private or public responding conditions, whether women engaged in intergroup discrimination or not. It was then assessed whether the importance to participants of the social identity in question was a factor. Experiments 6a and 6b (Chapter 10; women and men respectively) compared the NTB of participants with low identification with their social group, to high identifying participants. For both women and men, no significant changes were found in the NTB from pre- to post-allocation task for either high or low identifiers, regardless of whether they engaged in intergroup discrimination. Thus the central hypothesis was again not supported. Finally in Experiment 7, the NTB measure was re-evaluated and items were changed to be more group-oriented, compared to the original more individually-oriented items. The procedure used for Experiment 1 (i.e. MGP) was employed for Experiment 7 (Chapter 11) with participants completing both the personal and group versions of the NTB scale. The results for the modified group NTB scale showed that for participants who engaged in intergroup discrimination, group NTB decreased significantly from pre- to post- allocation task, compared with no significant change for those participants who did not engage in discrimination. No effects were found for either control or experimental participants� responses on the original NTB scale. Thus the central hypothesis and the results from Experiments 2 and 3 were supported. Furthermore, as was found for earlier experiments, there was no effect of either personal or collective self-esteem on the results for Experiments 4- 7. Taken overall, these results indicate that there may be a relationship between intergroup discrimination and the need to belong and that this may be most appropriately assessed using a group level measure of the NTB. Moreover, these results cannot be explained on the basis of self-esteem. Results from Experiments 2 and 3 may also indicate that if the social group category is meaningful enough for the individual (e.g. nationality), significant changes for the NTB at the personal level may occur. Despite the limitations of the present research, these results indicate that the investigation of the relationship between intergroup discrimination and the need to belong may further elucidate the underlying nature of prejudice. A number of possible directions for future research are discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-30 / Introdução: O exercício físico (EF) tem sido utilizado como uma intervenção terapêutica no tratamento de doenças crônico-degenerativas como o Diabetes Mellitus (DM) que pode causar complicações renais e cardiovasculares. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a intervenção prévia ao estabelecimento da doença na modulação fisiológica e o impacto médico nessas disfunções. Nosso objetivo no presente trabalho foi estudar os efeitos do EF prévio sobre a atividade nervosa simpática renal (ANSR), controle autonômico do sistema cardiovascular e função renal de ratos diabéticos por estreptozotocina. Métodos: Ratos Wistar foram divididos em 5 grupos: controle (C, n=8), diabético (D, n=8), controle treinado (CT, n=8), diabético treinado (DT, n=8) e diabético treinado prévio (DTP, n=8) e foram submetidos a 10 semanas de treinamento (grupos CT e DT) ou 14 semanas (grupo DTP). Medidas metabólicas, função renal, ANSR, modulação autonômica, barorreflexo e ecocardiograma foram mensurados. Resultados: EF prévio reduziu a proteinúria no grupo DTP (36,9±10,2 mg/24 h) comparado ao grupo D (90,6±5,7 mg/24 h, p<0,05) e atenuou esta medida em relação ao grupo DT (46,8±4,1 mg/24 h), o EF prévio também diminuiu a fração de excreção de Na+ (0,72±0,06 %) quando comparado ao grupo D (2,40±0,30 %, p<0,05) e atenuou esta media em relação ao grupo DT (0,99±0,02 %). Além disso, o EF prévio normalizou a ANSR no grupo DTP quando comparado ao grupo D (23,6±0,6 mV/ciclo vs. 18,1±1,7 mV/ciclo, p<0,05), respectivamente, e melhorou a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, assim como, o barorreflexo. Conclusão: Esse estudo demonstrou que o EF prévio é uma importante ferramenta terapêutica com a finalidade de aumentar a segurança e trazer maiores benefícios à saúde, no que concernem as alterações renais e cardiovasculares provocadas pelo DM. Assim, dados indicam que deve haver uma necessidade de realizar o EF em pessoas com alto risco de desenvolver DM, para minimizar futuros impactos na função cardiovascular e renal induzidos pelo DM. / Background: The exercise training (ET) has been recognized as an important therapeutic intervention for the chronic degenerative diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) that cause renal and cardiovascular complications. However, little is known if previous ET intervention modulates the physiological and medical impact caused by these dysfunctions. We investigated the effects of previous ET on renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), cardiovascular autonomic control and renal function in rats with experimental diabetes. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided in five groups: control (C, n= 8), diabetic (D, n= 8), trained control (TC, n= 8) or diabetic (TD, n= 8) and previous trained diabetic (PTD, n= 8). TC and TD were submitted to 10 wks and PTD to 14 wks of ET. Renal function, proteinuria, RSNA and autonomic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were evaluated. Results: Previous ET reduced proteinuria in PTD group (36.9±10.2 mg/24 h) as compared to D group (90.6±5.7 mg/24 h, p<0.05) and attenuated in relation to TD group (46.8±4.1 mg/24 h), fractional excretion of sodium in PTD group (0.72±0.06 %) as compared to D group (2.40±0.30 %, p<0.05) and attenuated in relation to TD group (0.99±0.02 %). Moreover, previous ET normalizes RSNA in PTD when compared to D group (23.6±0.6 mV/cycle vs. 18.1±1.7 mV/cycle, p<0.05), respectively and improve heart rate variability as well as BRS compared to D group. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the previous ET is an important therapeutical tool in order to increase the safety and bring greater healthy benefits, with respect to cardiovascular and kidney alterations due to DM. Thus, these data indicates a necessity to performe ET in patients with high risk of DM in order to minimize future impact on cardiovascular and renal function induced DM. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Resumo: Nesta dissertação de mestrado, que trata da interpretação mítica e psicológica do enredo dos quatro filmes: Caixa de Pandora (1928); Helena de Tória (1955) e Kill-Bill - Vol.1 e 2 (2003), analiso o comportamento das personagens principais e estabeleço uma conexão com as seguintes deusas gregas: Pandora, Afrodite e Deméter, numa leitura junguiana. Por mais racionais que possamos ser, nossos cérebros não resistem ao ímpeto de adotar relatos metafísicos para o entendimento dos mistérios naturais que determinam nossa existência. Os mitos possuem características humanas e, por meio de suas lendas, podemos compreender melhor nossas questões existênciais, na busca de sentido para vida humana. Os temas mitológicos contemplam tanto a sociedade, o coletivo, como a subjetividade humana, o individual, tornando-se universal, com seu poder de nos emocionar e de nos ensinar as verdades profundas da psique humana. Ao associar cinema, psicologia e mitologia, encontro uma nova leitura entre imagem e verbo e que poderá dar novo significado à leitura e a compreensão de um filme. / Abstract: This master's degree thesis studies the mythical and psycological interpretations of the plot of the following four films: Pandora's Box (1928); Helen of Troy (1955); and Kill Bill - Vol. 1 and 2 (2003). The behavior of the main characters is studied and a connection with the following Greek goddesses is made: Pandora, Aphrodite and Demeter, according to Jungian analysis. No matter how rational we might attempt to be, our brains do not resist the urge to adopt metaphysical accounts in order to understand the mysteries and natural phenomena that determine our existence. Myths have human characteristics and, by means of their legends, one can better understand our existential issues, in search of the meaning of human life. Mythological themes embrace both society - the collective - and human subjectivity - the individual-, becoming universal, with their power to stir up our emotions and teach us the deepest truths of human psyche. By associating cinema, psychology and mythology I find a new reading of image and words which might give a new meaning to the reading and understanding of a film. / Orientador: Pelópidas Cypriano de Oliveira / Coorientador: Claudete Ribeiro / Mestre

Syftet med studien var att beskriva vilket stöd gastric bypass-opererade upplever att de behöver före och efter sin operation. Studien hade en beskrivande design och sjutton gastric bypass-opererade svenskar deltog. Data insamlades genom semistrukturerade frågeformulär via mail och materialet analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet redovisas i tre kategorier och ett tema. Kategorin Känna sig utelämnad beskriver hur deltagarna upplevde ett bristande stöd från sjukvården inför sin operation. I kategorin framkom en saknad av psykologiskt stöd både före och efter gastric bypass-operationen. Kategorin beskriver också den bristande uppföljningen efter operationen. Kategorin Känna trygghet skildrar betydelsen av information före ingreppet och vikten av att vara förberedd på livet efter operationen. Kategorin visar hur viktigt stöd från sjukvården, anhöriga och andra opererade var för att känna trygghet. Den tredje kategorin, Stå på egna ben, visar att de gastric bypass-opererade tog eget ansvar för att söka information före och efter operationen och att de då inte var i behov av stöd från sjukvården. Temat Så stor, men ändå så liten - att ta eget ansvar för ett livsavgörande beslut, men ändå behöva stöd med förbindelsen framkom ur kategorierna och beskriver vilket stöd de gastric bypass-opererade upplever att de behöver före och efter sin operation. / The aim of the study was to describe what kind of support patients who undergo gastric bypass-surgery needs. The study had a descriptive design and seventeen Swedish participants who’ve had a gastric bypass were recruited. Data were collected by a semi structured question form through mail and the material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The result is presented in three categories and one theme. The category Feeling left out describes how the participants experienced a lack of support before their surgery. In this category a lack of psychological support, both before and after surgery, came out. The category also describes the loss of follow-up after surgery. The category Feeling at ease describes the importance of information before surgery and to be prepared for life after surgery. The category also shows the importance of support from healthcare services, relatives and other people who’ve had a gastric bypass, to feel at ease. The third category, To stand on my own two feet, showed that the participants took own responsibility to get as much information as possible before and after surgery and that they were not in need of support from healthcare services. The theme So big, but still so small – to take own responsibility for a life changing decision, but still be in need of support with the connection emerges from the categories and describes the patients need of support before and after gastric bypass.

prediction of future percormance is attempted in almost every field of endeavor. The accuracy varies in different lines of study, and perhaps none is as subject to variability as those attempted with human beings as subjects. When an attempt is made to ascertain in advance the performance of college students in their schoolwork, a multiplicity of complicating problems are introduced. Whereas intelligence can be fairly well isolated, it is difficult to control or even enumerated all the other factors that come into the problem of predicting grades from scores received on an intelligence examination. Among the factors that are difficult to objectively measure or control are the transference of past learning, levels of aspiration, efficiency of study habits and time spent in studyingy, attentiveness in class, as well as specific aptitudes of disabilities, varying difficulty of different academic courses, and susceptibility to or freedom fromphysiological or paychological disorders. Evn though correlations between scholastic grades and intelligence test scores will be, due to various factors of limitation, only moderately high at best, their values cannot be doubted. With high correlations, a definite relationship can be established. With lower correlations, trends can be noted. A segment analysis also may prove to be of value in establishing areas of relative stringth and weaknesses in the predictive structure. The thesis problem is one of determining certain predictive values of the American Council on Education Psychological Examination. Inasmuch as specificity is a virtue in educational measurement, the American Council test is a definite step in this direction. The aim of the test is to measure what the authors of hte test consider to be schoolastic aptitude. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of this scholastic aptitude test in predicting grade-point averages of Utah State Agricultural College freshmen students in their first quarter in college.

Att åldras är en stor förändring både för de som bor kvar hemma och för dem som väljer att flytta till ett särskilt boende. Vilka upplevelserna är och vad det innebär har intresserat oss under vår utbildning och därför beslutade vi oss för att ta en djupare titt på detta fenomen.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka upplevelsen äldre människor har av att flytta till ett särskilt boende och efter att ha bott där under en kort tid. Vi valde att använda en kvalitativ metod och genomförde sex intervjuer med personer som nyligen flyttat till ett särskilt boende. Resultatet visade att förändringen kunde delas in i fysiska, psykologiska och sociala upplevelser. I den fysiska upplevelsen var känslor förknippade med fysiskt beroende av omsorgspersonal samt den kroppsliga förändringen för de äldre. Den psykologiska upplevelsen visade både trygghet/otrygghet av att stanna hemma eller flytta, olika förluster, och att känna sig hemma. Och slutligen visade den sociala upplevelsen på en stor förändring i det personliga nätverket och också att anhöriga är viktiga under processen att flytta och tiden efteråt. / To age is a major change for both those who stay at home and for those who choose to move to a nursing home. What the experiences are and what it means has interested us during our education and therefore we decided to take a deeper look into this phenomenon.The aim of this study was to examine the experience older people have of moving to a nursing home and having lived there for a short time. We chose to use a qualitative approach and conducted six interviews with people who had recently moved to a nursing home. The result showed that the change could be divided into physical, psychological and social experiences. In the physical experience were feelings related to the physical dependence of the social care staff as well as the bodily change for the elderly. The psychological experience showed both security/insecurity of staying at home or moving, different losses, and to feel at home. And finally, the social experience showed a big change in the personal network and also that relatives are important during the process of moving and the time afterwards.

Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på hur lärare arbetar för att höja lågstadieelevers inre motivation i ämnet matematik. Åtta kvalitativa intervjuer samt tre affirmativa observationer genomfördes på totalt åtta legitimerade lärare som arbetar eller har arbetat i årskurserna 1–3. Samtliga lärare valdes ut ur ett bekvämlighetsurval. Respondenternas svar och arbetssätt analyserades utifrån Ryan och Decis (2000) tolkning av medbestämmandeteorin och människans tre psykologiska grundläggande behov; autonomi, kompetens och tillhörighet.De analysverktyg som användes under denna process var meningskoncentrering, meningskategorisering samt meningstolkning. Studien påvisar att lärare lägger stor vikt vid relationen mellan lärare-elev samt elev-elev för att på den vägen skapa inre motivation hos eleverna. Vidare konstaterar studien att behovet av autonomi lättare tillgodoses i och med elevernas stigande ålder då de får ta mer ansvar över sitt eget lärande. Det ökade ansvaret innebär även en större frihet till att påverka undervisningsinnehållet på ett individuellt plan, vilket i sin tur ökar den inre motivationen för matematik.

published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy