Este estudo in vitro avaliou a variação da temperatura no interior da câmara pulpar durante a fotoativação do sistema adesivo e incrementos de resina composta em função de diferentes fontes de luz, testando as hipóteses nulas de que estes fatores não interferem na temperatura intra câmara pulpar. Foram selecionados 10 incisivos bovinos, seccionados na região radicular 3 mm além da junção amelocementária. Uma cavidade retangular (10X8mm) foi confeccionada no centro da face vestibular, com espessura padronizada do remanescente dentinário da parede axial em 1 mm. A câmara pulpar foi preenchida com pasta térmica e o sensor termopar tipo K foi introduzido na câmara em contato com o remanescente dentinário. A elevação da temperatura foi aferida durante 40s de fotoativação do sistema adesivo (SBMP) e dos 3 incrementos consecutivos de 1mm de resina composta (Z250), com diferentes fontes de luz. As fontes utilizadas foram: Luz Halógena 755mW/cm2 (Curing Light XL 3000 3M), Luz emitida de diodo (LED) de baixa densidade de potência 400 mW/cm2 (OptiLight LD Max - Gnatus), e LED de alta densidade de potência 1500mW/cm2 (VALO Ultradent). O LED de alta densidade de potência proporcionou os maiores aumentos de temperatura, seguido da luz halógena e do LED de baixa densidade de energia. A polimerização do sistema adesivo seguido do primeiro incremento de resina determinou os maiores aumentos de temperatura. A partir do segundo incremento da resina composta, o material restaurador atuou como isolante térmico reduzindo o aumento de temperatura. Independente da fonte de luz e etapa restauradora, o aumento no tempo de polimerização foi determinante no aumento de temperatura, rejeitando as hipóteses nulas testadas. / This In vitro study evaluated the temperature variation inside the pulp chamber during the curing of the adhesive and composite layers with different light sources, testing the null hypothesis that these factors do not affect the temperature of the intra pulp chamber. Ten bovine incisors were selected and sectioned beyond the root region at 3 mm of the cementoenamel junction. A rectangular cavity (10x8mm) was made in the center of the buccal surface, with the remaining 1mm dentin thickness standardized at the axial wall. The pulp chamber was filled with thermal paste and a type K thermocouple sensor was introduced into the chamber in contact with the remaining dentin. The temperature was measured for 40s during the curing of the adhesive system (SBMP) and 3 consecutive layers of 1mm composite resin (Z250) was applied with three different light sources. The sources used were: Halogen Light 755mW/cm2 (Curing Light XL 3000 - 3M), Light emitted diode (LED) low power density 400 mW/cm2 (Optilight LD Max - Gnatus), and high power density LED 1500mW/cm2 (VALO Ultradent). For all light sources, the temperature readings decreased as the cavity was filled, with statistically significant differences until the second layer of composite resin. The high power density LED showed a significantly higher temperature average (42.78+1.56oC) than the other light sources, and the lowest was the average of the low power density LED (37.81+0.12oC). It could be concluded that both the light source, and the number of layers interfered with the temperature variation, rejecting the null hypotheses tested.

Submitted by Marta Toyoda (1144061@mackenzie.br) on 2017-01-18T19:36:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Douglas Sáppia Lima.pdf: 79969812 bytes, checksum: 4610213fe6c15dd62e96879e9323fa5d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Amarante (1146629@mackenzie.br) on 2017-02-07T20:23:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Douglas Sáppia Lima.pdf: 79969812 bytes, checksum: 4610213fe6c15dd62e96879e9323fa5d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-07T20:23:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Douglas Sáppia Lima.pdf: 79969812 bytes, checksum: 4610213fe6c15dd62e96879e9323fa5d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-19 / This dissertation minds the formal aspects of the film Pulp Fiction (1994), by Quentin Tarantino, under a perspective of intermediality. Henceforth, it aims to assess the extent in which the director’s style fall back on signs and meaning settlements inherent to the language of other means of communication, such as the television, the comic books, video games and the past of the cinema itself. In these terms, the research divides itself into three main segments: the examination of the film narrative procedures (that concerns temporal ellipsis, flashbacks and a round structure intricate by three parallel stories); followed up by the discussion regarding the ostensive violence on the screen (which comprehends to the graphic violence stylization grounded on the saturation of visual signs and on the hybridization of different medias) and the analysis of dialogue constitution (which are granted within the Socratic dialogue and the post-modern conception of parody). In synthesis, in order to sustain the assumption that Pulp Fiction (1994) configures itself as a post-modern exponent, this research relies on the critical thoughts from authors who worked both with film and intermediality theories, as with language and post-modernity theories, such as Mauro Baptista Vedia (2010), Linda Hutcheon (1991) e Mikhail Bakhtin (1984). / Essa dissertação ocupa-se em estudar os aspectos formais do filme Pulp Fiction (1994), de Quentin Tarantino, sob uma perspectiva intermidiática. Para tanto, procura-se avaliar em que medida o estilo do diretor recorre a signos e procedimentos geradores de sentido inerentes à linguagem de outros meios de comunicação, como a televisão, as histórias em quadrinhos, os videogames e o próprio passado do cinema. Nesses termos, a pesquisa se divide, essencialmente, em três partes principais: o exame dos procedimentos narrativos do filme (que concernem a elipses temporais, flashbacks e uma estrutura circular intercalada por três histórias paralelas), seguido da discussão a respeito da violência ostensiva na tela (que compreende a estilização da violência gráfica com base na saturação de signos visuais e na hibridização de diversas mídias) e a análise da constituição dos diálogos (que estão pautados no diálogo socrático e na concepção pósmoderna da paródia). Em síntese, a fim de sustentar a pressuposição de que Pulp Fiction (1994) configura-se como um expoente do cinema pós-moderno, esse estudo se apoia no pensamento crítico de autores que trabalham tanto com teorias do cinema e da intermidialidade, quanto com teorias da linguagem e da pós-modernidade, como Mauro Baptista Vedia (2010), Linda Hutcheon (1991) e Mikhail Bakhtin (1984).

Avaliou-se a proliferação das células tronco da polpa de dentes decíduos esfoliados humanos (SHED) após aplicação única do laser de baixa potência. Foi realizada a análise da viabilidade das SHED cultivadas sob déficit nutricional e em condições ideais após irradiação com o laser de baixa potência vermelho de Indio Gálio Alumínio e Fósforo - InGaAlP (660nm, 40mW e 10J/cm2) e infravermelho (780nm, 40mW e 10J/cm2) durante 4 e 8 segundos, nos períodos de 24, 48 e 72 horas através dos ensaios de redução do MTT e do ensaio colorimétrico de Busatti e Gomes. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o teste ANOVA complementado pelo teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5% (p< 0,05). Observou-se tanto com o MTT quanto com o ensaio colorimétrico de Busatti e Gomes uma tendência de aumento da proliferação celular diretamente relacionada à dose do LBP, estatisticamente significante nos períodos de 24, 48 e 72 horas. Ao analisar os resultados e considerando os parâmetros utilizados e o protocolo de LBP, pode-se concluir que o LBP promoveu a proliferação das SHED tanto a 660 nm quanto a 780nm, pode influenciar a viabilidade e a proliferação das SHED nas doses e comprimentos de onda utilizados e os ensaios do MTT e colorimétrico de Busati e Gomes demonstraram dentro de suas limitações ser eficientes para determinar a viabilidade e proliferação das SHED. / It was evaluated the proliferation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) after a single application of low power laser. The viability of SHED grown under ideal conditions and under nutritional deficit after irradiation with red laser (660/780nm, 10J/cm2 and 40mW) during periods of 4 and 8 seconds was analyzed through the MTT reduction assays and rapid colorimetric assay of Busatti and Gomes. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA and Tukey´s multiple comparisons test with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). It was observed with the MTT assay and Busatti and Gomes assay a trend of cell proliferation increase directly releated to the irradiation dose, statistically significant. After 24, 48 and 72 hours, all the groups showed higher cell proliferation when compared to control. Analyzing the results and considering the used parameters and LBP protocol, it can be concluded that LBP promoted the proliferation of SHED both 660nm and 780nm according to the dosage and wavelengths used, and MTT assay and colorimetric Busatti and Gomes demonstrated within their limitations to be effective in determining the viability and proliferation of SHED.

Orientador: Hilary Castle de Menezes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T16:29:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CastilloCaceres_Miluska_M.pdf: 10593950 bytes, checksum: b93ec4104306167339ca2e01eb59d1ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: Existe dentro do setor de sucos de frutas e drinques uma importância crescente na produção de produtos diferenciados. O desenvolvimento de "blends" entre diferentes sucos e polpas é um recurso a disposição da indústria para o preparo de bebidas diferenciadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e avaliar sensorialmente um "blend" a base da polpa de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L) e suco de beterraba (Seta vulgaris) e ainda estudar o processo de extração da polpa de tamarindo. Desta maneira, foram avaliados através de diversos ensaios, condições adequadas para a extração da polpa de tamarindo. Os resultados indicaram que à temperatura de 50 ac, tempo de maceração de 20 min e uma relação fruta:água de 1:1,5, foram as melhores condições para obter um produto com características físico-químicas e microbiológicas adequadas para ser utilizada como matéria-prima na formulação do "blend" tamarindo-beterraba. Produziu-se polpa de tamarindo e suco de beterraba para formular onze diferentes misturas, para o qual foi utilizado um planejamento experimental completo do tipo fatorial 22. Estas formulações foram avaliadas sensorialmente mediante teste de aceitabilidade e intenção de compra utilizando uma escala hedônica não estruturada de nove pontos. Determinou-se que a formulação do "blend" constituída de 35% de polpa de tamarindo e 20% de suco de beterraba foi a que apresentou maior aceitação e evidenciou uma maior intenção de compra. O "blend" avaliado como próximo do ideal apresentou características físico-químicas e microbiológicas estáveis ao longo de 90 dias de estocagem a temperatura ambiente / Abstract: Currently, increasing importance is being given to the production of differentiated products within the fruit juice and drinks sector. The development of different juice and pulp blends is one resource available to industry for the preparation of differentiated beverages. The objective of this research was the development and sensory evaluation of a juice blend based on tamarind (Tamarindus indica) pulp and beetroot (Beta vulgaris) juice. A study was also carried out to determine the best processing conditions to extract the tamarind pulp. Thus various trials were carried out for the extraction of the tamarind pulp and the results indicated that a temperature of 50QC, maceration time of 20 min. and a fruit : water ratio of 1:1.5 produced a pulp with adequate physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics to be used as a raw material for the tamarind-beetroot blend. Tamarind pulp and beetroot juice were produced in amounts sufficient to formulate the 11 juice blends determined by the 22 complete, factorial, experimental design. These formulations were evaluated by a sensory acceptance test and buying intention using a 9 point non-structured hedonic scale. The results showed that the blend formulated with 35% tamarind pulp and 20% beetroot juice was the most accepted blend with the greatest buying intention. This blend was shown to be microbiologically, physically and chemically stable for 90 days of storage at room temperature / Mestrado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Abstract Dentin forms the hard tissue portion of the dentin-pulp complex, while the dental pulp is soft connective tissue that retains the vitality of the dentin. Odontoblasts form the outermost cell layer of pulp and play a central role during dentin formation by producing and mineralizing the dentin matrix. The understanding of the defensive reactions in the dentin-pulp complex is limited. Information about the transcriptome and proteome of pulp tissue and odontoblasts would facilitate understanding of their functions during health and disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profiles of human pulp tissue and odontoblasts in vivo and in vitro using large-scale expression analysis methods. Also, the suitability of these methods in pulp biological research in vivo and in vitro was evaluated. cDNA microarray revealed only minor variation and 2-D electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry revealed no differences between healthy and carious teeth pulp tissue in vivo. The effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on pulp and odontoblasts was studied in vitro using oligonucleotide-based microarrays, and marked changes in the transcriptome were revealed, especially in the expression of chemokine- and cytokine-related genes. Transiently increased interleukin expression was confirmed at the protein level by antibody array. DNA microarray analysis of native pulp tissue and odontoblasts was used to search for potential odontoblast markers. Only one gene related to extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis, matrilin 4, and two expressed sequence tags (ESTs), which represent transcribed sequences encoding possibly unknown genes, were identified in odontoblasts but not in pulp. Analysis of mature native odontoblasts and cultured odontoblast-like cells by DNA microarray revealed a high similarity (84%) between native and cultured cells. Also, differential expression levels of selected neuronal proteins were observed and confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, microarray is a powerful tool for pulp biology, especially for in vitro studies. TGF-β1 was revealed as a potent regulator of proinflammatory responses in the dentin–pulp complex. In addition, several potential odontoblast markers were identified by microarray, and the similarity of cultured odontoblast-like cells used in the study with native odontoblasts was confirmed.

Abstract The Finnish chemical forest industry has undergone a profound structural change over the past two decades. The basic industry is increasingly focusing its product development investments on its own products and operations while the development of processes and process machinery is left to specialised companies. At the same time the purchases of the pulp and paper industry are becoming larger: there is a shift from single device purchases to larger functional units. This research studies the Finnish process machinery industry serving the needs of the pulp and paper industry and its product development environment and strategies, and evaluates the ability of selected case companies to design integrated process solutions. Particularly the role of measurement and automation technology in these solutions is under closer scrutiny. Aspects of product life cycles and technology management, together with various procedures and operating models for innovation and product development processes, are discussed on the basis of the literature. The empirical part of the research was carried out as a case study with several Finnish companies manufacturing machinery and equipment for the chemical forest industry. The results show that the strategies of the studied industry are still very much dominated by the traditional emphasis on machinery design and construction. The change in the customers' purchasing behaviour towards ever larger units and functions is reflected particularly as increasingly large delivery projects. The units required by the customers are put together in the project phase, using parts and components developed in isolation from each other. There is very little evidence of actual product development, design or producing of integrated process solutions. In those cases where the design work has explicitly aimed at an integrated functional unit, the result has been a process that the customer can easily purchase and where the supplier's expertise in processes and process control is already included in the package. Designing integrated process solutions takes more than technical expertise and capability: the strategy, organisation, and product development process of the supplier company must support the integration of different technologies and expertise areas in the product. Instead of the traditional serial product development it is imperative that the questions of process design, process machinery, and process control are treated and solved simultaneously. The in-house expertise and networking of research and development must be promoted in such a way that the capabilities necessary to include the required technologies and expertise areas in a product project are already available when the product is being specified and designed.

The cornea is the transparent, avascular and highly innervated outer anterior layer of the eye. The cornea is a very delicate structure and any traumatic insult may lead to damage and limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), leading to chronic discomfort, visual impairment and ultimately blindness. The resultant issues can have a significant effect on patients and reduce their quality of life. Whilst conservative and therapeutic management of these problems play a part in the treatment of corneal injuries often surgery is indicated. However, surgical repair of damaged corneas may be limited by the availability of suitable donor tissue and donor site morbidity. Corneal grafts or penetrating keratoplasty (PK) or donor limbal grafts may lead to surgical complications such as corneal scarring, infection and graft rejection. First described in 1908 by A. Maximow, stem cells offer the opportunity to produce functional cell specific tissues from undifferentiated “primordial” cells. By using stem cells from human adult or deciduous tooth pulp, repair and regeneration of the cornea may be possible. Furthermore, it may lead to development of new and innovative treatments of other corneal disorders and injuries. The aim of the investigations detailed in this thesis was to characterize dental pulp stem cells (DPSC), help establish their use in regenerative medicine and help enhance the repair and regeneration of damaged corneal epithelium. Using various laboratory techniques including PCR, western blot and immunostaining it was determined that DPSC possess adequate potency and plasticity to be differentiated into a number of cell-lines. Co-culture of DPSC with human cornea demonstrated that stem cells were attracted to the tissue and migrate towards it and attach to the surface of the limbal explant. Additionally, using soft contact lenses it has been shown that DPSC can be successfully transferred from culture to human cornea in vitro. Expression of terminally differentiated corneal epithelium markers such as cytokeratin 3 & 12 further supports the concept that DPSC were transdifferentiated into epithelial progenitor cells. Once transferred onto the corneal surface, DPSC supported corneal epithelium regeneration, allowed corneal epithelial like cells to grow and avert conjunctivalisation and thus maintained cornea transparency. Further studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the DPSC’s role in corneal regeneration, but it is clear that DPSC are promising candidates for this novel and non-invasive method of corneal epithelium regeneration.

Ph.D. / The main objective of this study was to investigate the presence, variations and the fate of lipophilic extractives during all the stages in the dissolving pulp production process. Lipophilic wood extractives which include fatty acids, sterols, hydrocarbons, steroid hydrocarbons and ketones are organic compounds present in the wood and dissolving pulp which are soluble in organic solvents. Their presence in wood and pulp has negative effects on both the pulping process and the quality of the produced dissolving pulp. Comparison of two Eucalyptus species (E. grandis and E. dunnii) at three different sites (Richmond, Umvoti and Ixopo in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa) revealed that lipophilic extractives were higher in E. dunnii than in E. grandis in all the sampled sites and that the woods at the Ixopo site were found to have the highest amount of lipophilic extractives. The quantitative variation of lipophilic extractives in wood was found to be significantly affected by respective sites and tree species. The principal component analysis (PCA) model, which was used to correlate soil parameters and amount of lipophilic extractives in woods per each site, revealed that high amounts of lipophilic extractives were found in trees grown at sites with a high composition of clay soil and organic matter. Thus if the industry is to avoid the high levels of lipophilic extractives in wood, sandy sites should be the choice to grow the trees. Partial least squares (PLS) modelling revealed that sterols and saturated fatty acids significantly influence the quality parameters (Kappa number, viscosity, copper number, cellulose yield and retained carbohydrates) of dissolving pulp, whereas unsaturated fatty acids and unsaturated sterols in particular were found to positively correlate with the Kappa number, thus affecting its measurement.The main objective of this study was to investigate the presence, variations and the fate of lipophilic extractives during all the stages in the dissolving pulp production process. Lipophilic wood extractives which include fatty acids, sterols, hydrocarbons, steroid hydrocarbons and ketones are organic compounds present in the wood and dissolving pulp which are soluble in organic solvents. Their presence in wood and pulp has negative effects on both the pulping process and the quality of the produced dissolving pulp. Comparison of two Eucalyptus species (E. grandis and E. dunnii) at three different sites (Richmond, Umvoti and Ixopo in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa) revealed that lipophilic extractives were higher in E. dunnii than in E. grandis in all the sampled sites and that the woods at the Ixopo site were found to have the highest amount of lipophilic extractives. The quantitative variation of lipophilic extractives in wood was found to be significantly affected by respective sites and tree species. The principal component analysis (PCA) model, which was used to correlate soil parameters and amount of lipophilic extractives in woods per each site, revealed that high amounts of lipophilic extractives were found in trees grown at sites with a high composition of clay soil and organic matter. Thus if the industry is to avoid the high levels of lipophilic extractives in wood, sandy sites should be the choice to grow the trees. Partial least squares (PLS) modelling revealed that sterols and saturated fatty acids significantly influence the quality parameters (Kappa number, viscosity, copper number, cellulose yield and retained carbohydrates) of dissolving pulp, whereas unsaturated fatty acids and unsaturated sterols in particular were found to positively correlate with the Kappa number, thus affecting its measurement. Viscosity of pulp which is an important quality parameter was also found to be positively influenced by sterol residues, whereas the reducing properties of pulp were found to be affected by sterols and saturated fatty acids with a carbon chain length of less than C20.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / The purpose of this study was to determine duration time, breakage and apical displacement, whilst using six different endodontic filing systems to prepare molar teeth. A total of 96 molar teeth were used in the study, divided equally, ie 16 teeth per system selected randomly, totalling 48 canals per system. A standardised access cavity was prepared for all the teeth before selection. The canals were filed according to the manufacturers’ guidelines. The result showed that PROTAPER®, K3™ and the combination of: HERO Shaper®, HERO Apical® and Endoflare® (Referred from hereon as HERO System for convenience) were statistically faster than PROFILE® and FlexMaster®, which were in turn faster than AETTM. Although breakage did occur in K3™ and HERO System this was not deemed statistically significant. Apical displacement occurred in the form of Type 1 in the AETTM, PROFILE® and HERO System, but once again this was not statistically significant. It was concluded that more aggressive cutting features such as a positive rake angle, pyramidal shaped tip, progressive taper and absence of radial lands, if present, could have enabled K3™, HERO System and PROTAPER® to have faster times, and in addition these features did not compromise these systems with regard to apical foramina transportation and breakage. / South Africa

The bonding of fibres in paper is influenced by environmental changes (e.g. moisture) that may cause unstable fibres to move. These movements include cell-wall swelling, fibre lifting and/or puffing that break inter-fibre bonds and lead to reduced strength and surface roughness. Fibre puffing is defined as the expansion of the lumen area as result of changes in the environment. Puffing was investigated through image analysis of scanning electron micrographs. Detailed images were obtained with samples that were embedded in resin and then etched. Puffing of fibres was then quantified by calculating the ratio of lumen area to fibre area. Stability of softwood and hardwood fibres was studied in this way, and to simulate printing, handsheets were calendered and rewetted. This method was later validated against commercial sheets. Compared to softwood, hardwood fibres were more stable and most of the handsheet properties were retained after rewetting. Mannanase and/or endoglucanase treatments resulted in improved fibre stability by increasing fibre bonding, fibrillation or fibre collapse. Mannanase improved handsheet smoothness and strength as well as fibre stability, but endoglucanase was less effective. The effect of the enzymes was more difficult to observe on hardwood fibres, because even untreated fibres were more stable under moist conditions. Thin-walled fibres such as earlywood were less stable than latewood fibres, but it responded better to mannanase treatment. Thick-walled fibres (latewood), on the other hand, were more difficult to improve with enzymes. The potential of enzymes to improve fibre stability of commercial pulp was tested on chemi-thermo-mechanical pulp (CTMP) and bleached CTMP. Enzyme treatment improved fibrillation and reduced beating energy of bleached CTMP. Mannanase again resulted in the most improved fibre stability. On rejects, a lack of response to enzymes was overcome by pre-treating the pulp with alkaline peroxide. This study provided new insights into the stability of fibres with different morphology. It was also demonstrated that fibre stability can be improved with enzyme treatment and it is expected that this knowledge could have significant commercial value. / Dissertation (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted