Thesis (doctoral)--Wageningen Universiteit, 2008. / Summary in Dutch: p. 245. "Propositions" ([1] leaf) inserted. Includes vita (p. 149-151). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Simon Fraser University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-149).

Thesis (M. S.)--Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. / Koros, William, Committee Member ; Hsieh, Jeffery, Committee Chair ; Deng, Yulin, Committee Member.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, November, 2003. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-210)

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Lignocellulosic material is composed of three major macromolecule components i.e., cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. These components are chemically associated and directly linked to each other through covalent bonding which is scientifically denoted as lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) and their interaction is fundamentally important as to understand wood formation and reactivity during chemical and biological processing e.g. pulping and enzymatic hydrolysis. The association of lignin with polysaccharides (covalent linkages) has been surrounded by contradictions and controversy in several wood chemistry studies. These linkages exist in lignocellulosic materials from wood to herbaceous plants. In woody plants, they consist of ester and ether linkages through sugar hydroxyl to α-carbonyl of phenyl-propane unit on lignin. However, in herbaceous plants ferulic and p-coumaric acids are esterified to hemicelluloses and lignin respectively. In recent studies, the existence of the bonds has been shown by applying indirect analysis strategies which resulted to low yields and contaminations. The general aim of the current study was to isolate and fractionate LCCs from raw lignocellulosic materials (E. grandis and sugarcane bagasse) and corresponding processed materials (chemical pulps and water-insoluble residues (WIS)) in order to determine the chemical structure of the residual lignin associated with polysaccharides and how they affected industrial processing. The objective of the study is to compile a document that when the development of pulping and bio-ethanol bio-refinery will greatly depends on the detailed wood chemistry on how the components interact with each before and after hemicelluloses pre-extraction prior to pulping and steam explosion pre-treatment prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. The current study was focusing on understanding the effect LCCs isolated from two different industrial processing methods, i.e. pulping and enzymatic hydrolysis (EH). There were two lignocelluloses feedstocks used for pulping, i.e. Eucalyptus grandis and sugarcane bagasse whereas sugarcane bagasse was the only feedstock used for enzymatic hydrolysis. Hemicelluloses pre-extracted (mild alkali or dilute acid and autohydrolysis for sugarcane bagasse) pulps of Kraft or soda AQ from E. grandis and sugarcane bagasse were used to understand the effect of xylan pre-extraction prior to pulping on lignin-carbohydrate complexes has not been reported to the best knowledge of the primary author. Also prior to EH the material was subjected to two different treatment methods, i.e. steam explosion and ionic liquid fractionation in varying conditions. The study illustrated the types of extracted and fractionated LCCs from hemicelluloses pre-extracted pulps and WIS in comparison to the non-extracted pulps and reports from the literature. Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) were isolated and fractionated by an inorganic method which yielded reasonable quantification quantities and no contamination and low yields for the hardwood compared to reports of using an enzymatic method. To the best knowledge of the authors, no work has been done on WIS material. The lignocelluloses were subjected to ball milling which was followed by a sequence of inorganic solvents swelling and dissolution into 2 fractions i.e. glucan-lignin and xylan-lignin-glucan. Characterisation of the isolated LCCs was made using a variety of analytical tools such as FTIR-PCA, HPLC, GPC and GC-MS. LCCs were evident when FTIR and HPLC studies were conducted. Residual lignin isolated from the lignocelluloses was assumed to be chemically bonded to carbohydrates and mostly to xylan. Approximately 60% and 30% of the lignin was linked to xylan while for the second and first fractions respectively. It is reported that lignin associated with xylan is more resistant and reduce the delignification process than when linked to glucan that is easily hydrolysable. With the FTIR and GPC analyses of LCC fractions, it was evident that the ester bonds of LCCs were destroyed through pre-extraction and pre-treatment, where this resulted to more cellulose being more accessible to alkaline pulping and enzymatic hydrolysis respectively. The linkages were either partially broken down or completely destroyed leading to significant changes of chemical structures. The polydispersity of the LCCs assisted in determining the structure of lignin, either existing as monolignols on the surfaces of fibres or a as complex two or three-dimensional structure that is linked to carbohydrates as the Mw increased or decreased. In general, these findings may have an important implication for the overall efficiency on bio-refinery. The molecular weights (Mw) of the extracted LCCs were measured by gel permeation chromatography. From the chromatograms, it was observed that the materials that were subjected to pre-processing prior to further processing, the Mw shifted to lower Mws regions. It was found that LCCs isolated from mild alkali pre-extracted pulps had high lignin syringyl to guaiacyl lignin contents than LCCs isolated from dilute acid pre-extracted pulps. High syringyl/guaiacyl ratio (S/G ratio) was an indication of low lignin content as a result of processing which will result to high product yields after downstream processing. The 5 average S/G ratio for the pulps from E. grandis and sugarcane bagasse was ranging between 1.1 to 19.01 and 1.4 to 18.16 respectively, while for the WIS-material generated from ionic liquid fractionated and steam exploded materials ranged from 3.29 to 9.27 and 3.5 to 13.3 respectively. The S/G ratios of the LCCs extracted from E. grandis and sugarcane bagasse pulps ranged from 0.42 to 2.39 and 0.041 to 0.31 was respectively while for the LCCs extracted from water-insoluble-solids (WIS) material generated from steam exploded material was from 4.87 to 10.40. The determination of S/G ratio is recommended for the LCC extraction and characterisation study as an evaluation of residual lignin in processed materials such as pulps and WIS. The obtained saccharifications were low, possibly due to the severity of the steam explosion pre-treatment and ionic liquid fractionation conditions which resulted on high accumulation of acetic acid and increased in cellulose crystallinity respectively. From quantitative analysis of the LCCs perspective it could be concluded that free lignin was present in mild alkali pre-extracted pulps than for the dilute acid pre-extracted pulps. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Cellulose materiaal is saamgestel uit drie groot makromolekule komponente naamlik, sellulose, hemisellulose en lignien. Hierdie komponente is chemies verwante en direk met mekaar verbind deur kovalente binding wat wetenskaplik aangedui as lignien-koolhidraat komplekse (LCCs) en hul interaksie is fundamenteel belangrik as hout vorming en reaktiwiteit tydens chemiese en biologiese verwerking bv om te verstaan verpulping en ensiematiese hidrolise. Die vereniging van lignien met polisakkariede (kovalente verbindings) is omring deur teenstrydighede en omstredenheid in verskeie hout chemie studies. Hierdie skakeling bestaan in cellulose materiaal uit hout te kruidagtige plante. In houtagtige plante, hulle bestaan uit ester en eter bindings deur suiker hidroksiel te α-karboniel van feniel-propaan eenheid op lignien. Maar in kruidagtige plante ferulic en p-coumaric sure veresterd te hemisellulose en lignien onderskeidelik. In onlangse studies, het die bestaan van die bande is getoon deur die toepassing van indirekte analise strategieë wat gelei tot lae opbrengste en kontaminasie. Die algemene doel van die huidige studie was om te isoleer en fraksioneer LCCs van rou cellulose materiaal (E. grandis en suikerriet bagasse) en die ooreenstemmende verwerkte materiaal (chemiese pulp en water-oplosbare residue (WIS)) ten einde die chemiese struktuur van die te bepaal oorblywende lignien wat verband hou met polisakkariede en hoe hulle geaffekteerde industriële verwerking. Die doel van die studie is 'n dokument op te stel dat wanneer die ontwikkeling van verpulping en bio-etanol bio-raffinadery sal grootliks afhang van die gedetailleerde hout chemie oor hoe om die komponente met mekaar voor en na hemisellulose pre-onttrekking voor verpulping en stoom ontploffing pre-behandeling voor ensiematiese hidrolise. Die huidige studie was die fokus op die begrip van die effek LCCs geïsoleerd van twee verskillende industriële verwerking, maw verpulping en ensiematiese hidrolise (EH). Daar was twee lignocelluloses voerstowwe gebruik vir verpulping, dws Eucalyptus grandis en suikerriet bagasse terwyl suikerriet bagasse was die enigste grondstof gebruik vir ensiematiese hidrolise. Hemisellulose pre-onttrek (ligte alkali of verdunde suur en autohydrolysis vir suikerriet bagasse) pulp van Kraft of soda AQ van E. grandis en suikerriet bagasse is gebruik om die effek van Xylan pre-onttrekking te voor verstaan verpulping op lignien-koolhidraat komplekse het nie aan die berig is beste kennis van die primêre outeur. Ook voor EH die materiaal is onderworpe aan twee verskillende behandeling metodes, naamlik stoom ontploffing en ioniese vloeistof fraksionering in wisselende toestande. Die studie geïllustreer die tipes onttrek en gefractioneerd LCCs van hemisellulose pre-onttrek pulp en WIS in vergelyking met die nie-onttrek pulp en verslae van die literatuur. Lignien-koolhidraat komplekse (LCCs) is geïsoleer en gefraksioneer deur 'n anorganiese metode wat redelike kwantifisering hoeveelhede en geen besoedeling en lae opbrengste opgelewer vir die hardehout vergelyking met verslae van die gebruik van 'n ensiematiese metode. Na die beste kennis van die skrywers, het geen werk op WIS materiaal gedoen. Die lignocelluloses is onderworpe aan die bal maal wat gevolg is deur 'n reeks van anorganiese oplosmiddels swelling en ontbinding in 2 breuke dws glucan-lignien en Xylan-lignien-glucan. Karakterisering van die geïsoleerde LCCs is gemaak met behulp van 'n verskeidenheid van analitiese gereedskap soos FTIR-PCA, HPLC, GPC en GC-MS. LCCs was duidelik wanneer FTIR en HPLC studies is uitgevoer. Residuele lignien geïsoleerd van die lignocelluloses is aanvaar moet word chemies gebind aan koolhidrate en meestal te xylan. Ongeveer 60% en 30% van die lignien is gekoppel aan xylan terwyl dit vir die tweede en eerste breuke onderskeidelik. Dit is gerapporteer dat lignien wat verband hou met Xylan is meer bestand en die delignification proses as wanneer gekoppel aan glucane wat maklik hidroliseerbare verminder. Met die FTIR en GPC ontledings van LCC breuke, was dit duidelik dat die ester bande van LCCs is deur pre-ontginning en pre-behandeling, waar dit gelei tot meer sellulose om meer toeganklik te alkaliese verpulping en ensiematiese hidrolise onderskeidelik vernietig. Die skakeling is óf gedeeltelik afgebreek of heeltemal vernietig lei tot beduidende veranderinge van chemiese strukture. Die polydispersity van die LCCs bygestaan in die bepaling van die struktuur van lignien, hetsy bestaande as monolignols op die oppervlak van die vesel of 'n as komplekse twee of drie-dimensionele struktuur wat gekoppel is aan koolhidrate as die Mw vermeerder of verminder. In die algemeen, kan hierdie bevindinge het 'n belangrike implikasie vir die algehele doeltreffendheid op bio-raffinadery. Die molekulêre gewigte (Mw) die onttrek LCCs gemeet deur gelpermeasie- chromatografie. Van die chromatograms, was dit opgemerk dat die materiaal wat blootgestel is aan die pre-verwerking voor verdere verwerking, die Mw verskuif MWS streke te verlaag. Daar is gevind dat LCCs geïsoleerd van ligte alkali pre-onttrek pulp het hoë lignien syringyl lignien inhoud as LCCs geïsoleerd van verdunde suur vooraf onttrek pulp te guaiacyl. Hoë syringyl / guaiacyl verhouding (S/G-verhouding) was 'n aanduiding van 'n lae lignien inhoud as 'n resultaat van verwerking wat sal lei tot 'n hoë produk opbrengste ná stroomaf verwerking. Die gemiddelde S/G-verhouding vir die pulp van E. grandis en suikerriet bagasse was wat wissel tussen 1,1-19,01 en 1,4-18,16 onderskeidelik, terwyl dit vir die WIS-materiaal gegenereer uit ioniese vloeistof gefraksioneer en stoom ontplof materiaal het gewissel 3,29-9,27 en 3.5 13,3 onderskeidelik. Die S/G verhoudings van die LCCs onttrek uit E. grandis en suikerriet bagasse pulp gewissel 0,42-2,39 en ,041-,31 was onderskeidelik terwyl dit vir die LCCs onttrek uit water-oplosbare-vastestowwe (WIS) materiaal gegenereer uit stoom ontplof materiaal was van 4,87-10,40. Die bepaling van S/G-verhouding word aanbeveel vir die LCC ontginning en karakterisering studie as 'n evaluering van die oorblywende lignien in verwerkte materiaal soos pulp en WIS. Die verkry saccharifications was laag, moontlik as gevolg van die erns van die stoom ontploffing pre-behandeling en ioniese vloeistof fraksionering voorwaardes wat gelei op 'n hoë opeenhoping van asynsuur en vermeerder in sellulose kristalliniteit.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 duque_cco_me_arafo.pdf: 6964321 bytes, checksum: 22480753de2d82fb176b13a6a33d913e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Tem sido demonstrado que a susceptibilidade do complexo dentino-pulpar aos efeitos adversos do clareamento dental apresenta uma relação direta com a espessura de esmalte/dentina do substrato dental. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito estético e biológico de um gel clareador contendo 10% de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) aplicado por diferentes períodos sobre a superfície de discos simulando a espessura de incisivos inferiores (ICI) e pré-molares superiores (PMS). Discos de esmalte/dentina, provenientes de incisivos bovinos, com 2,3 e 4,0 mm de espessura foram adaptados a câmaras pulpares artificiais e distribuídos nos Grupos ICI e PMS, respectivamente. O gel clareador com 10% de H2O2 foi aplicado na superfície de esmalte por 3x15, 1x15 ou 1x5 minutos. Como controle positivo, um gel com 35% de H2O2 aplicado por 3x15 minutos (protocolo tradicional) foi empregado. Nenhum tratamento foi realizado na superfície de esmalte no grupo controle negativo. O meio de cultura em contato com a dentina imediatamente após o clareamento (extrato) foi coletado e aplicado por 1 hora sobre células pulpares humanas. A viabilidade e morfologia celular foram avaliados imediatamente após exposição aos extratos (T1), bem como 72 horas pós-tratamento (T2). O estresse oxidativo e a quantificação do H2O2 nos extratos também foram analisados em T1. A atividade de ALP (atividade de fosfatase alcalina) e deposição de nódulos de mineralização (NM) foram avaliados em períodos de 14 e 21 dias pós-clareamento, respectivamente. De forma a avaliar a eficácia estética dos protocolos testados nas diferentes condições experimentais, mensurou-se ainda a alteração de cor (ΔE) durante seis sessões clareadoras. De uma forma geral, observou-se que todos os protocolos experimentais com gel a 10% de H2O2 promoveram diminuição dos efeitos deletérios promovidos pelo protocolo tradicional. O protocolo 10% 3x15 causou redução significativa na viabilidade celular em relação ao controle negativo no período T1, em ambos os Grupos ICI e PMS, sendo que as células expostas a este protocolo no Grupo ICI não demonstraram capacidade proliferativa em T2. As alterações morfológicas, a intensidade do estresse oxidativo e a redução nos marcadores fenotípicos (ALP e NM) também foram mais intensos para este protocolo nos Grupos ICI e PMS. Para os protocolos 10% 1x15 ou 1x5 minutos, ausência de redução significante na viabilidade celular foi observada, independente da espessura. No entanto, estresse oxidativo significativo foi observado nas células do Grupo ICI. Estes protocolos promoveram redução na atividade de ALP, a qual foi proporcional ao tempo de contato e espessura do substrato dental; entretanto não se observou redução na deposição de NM aos 21 dias. Valores de ΔE similares ao protocolo tradicional foram observados para os protocolos 10% 3x15 e 10% 1x15 no Grupo ICI após 4 e 6 sessões, respectivamente. Para o Grupo PMS, este parâmetro foi atingido apenas para o protocolo 10% 3x15 após 6 sessões clareadoras. Concluiu-se que a espessura do substrato dental influenciou significativamente na citotoxicidade trans-amelodentinária do gel com 10% de H2O2. A aplicação deste gel por períodos de 45 ou 15 minutos sobre discos simulando a espessura de incisivos inferiores minimizou significativamente a toxicidade celular e promoveu clareamento tão efetivo quanto o protocolo tradicionalmente empregado. / The susceptibility of pulp-dentin complex to the adverse effects of tooth bleaching therapies has a direct relationship with the thickness of dental substrate. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the biologic and esthetic effect of a 10% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching gel applied for different periods onto enamel/dentin discs simulating the thickness of low incisors (LI) and upper pre-molars (PM). Enamel/dentin discs from bovine incisors measuring 2.3 and 4.0 mm were adapted to artificial pulp chambers and distributed into the IC Group (low incisors) and PM Group (upper premolars), respectively. The enamel surface was bleached with a 10% H2O2 gel for 3x15, 1x15 or 1x5 minutes. The 35% H2O2 gel applied for 3x15 minutes was used as positive control (traditional therapy) and no treatment was performed on negative control group. The culture medium immediately after bleaching (extract) was applied for 1 hour on human dental pulp cells. Cell viability and morphology were evaluated immediately after bleaching (T1) and 72 h thereafter (T2). Oxidative stress and the amount of H2O2 in culture medium were also quantified at T1. The ALP activity and mineralized nodule (MN) deposition were assessed 14 and 21 days after bleaching, respectively. The color change (ΔE) of enamel was analyzed throughout six bleaching sessions. Overall, the experimental protocols with the 10% H2O2 gel minimized significantly the negative effects of traditional therapy to cultured pulp cells. The protocol 10% 3x15 promoted significant cell viability reduction in comparison with negative control at T1, in both, IC and PM Groups; however, the cells of IC Group did not feature proliferative capability at T2. The morphologic alterations, oxidative stress intensity and reduction on phenotype markers (ALP and NM) expression were also more intense on IC Group for this bleaching protocol. Regarding the protocols 10% 1x15 and 1x5, no significant cell viability reduction related to negative control was observed regardless of the thickness of dental substrate. Nevertheless, significant oxidative stress was observed on cells from IC Group. These protocols caused significant reduction of ALP activity in comparison to negative control, which intensity being proportional to enamel/dentin thickness; however, no reduction on NM was detected at 21 days post-bleaching. Similar ΔE values as positive control were found for the 10% 3x15 and 1x15 protocol on IC Group after 4 and 6 sessions, respectively. For PM Group, this feature was reached out after 6 bleaching sessions for the 10% 3x15 protocol. It was concluded that the enamel/dentin thickness of dental substrate played a significant role on the trans-enamel and trans-dentinal cytotoxicity of a 10% H2O2 bleaching gel on human dental pulp cells in vitro. Application of gel during 45 or 15 minutes onto thin dental substrate minimizes significantly the cell toxicity in comparison to high concentrated gels (35%) associated with similar esthetic outcome by increasing the number of bleaching sessions. / FAPESP: 2014/07229-6 / CNPq: 442336/2014-4

Thesis (M.Sc.D.)--Boston University, School of Graduate Dentistry, 1973. (Pedodontics) / Bibliography included.

MBL 3 Research Report / This study investigated the economic significance of using bagasse as a source of raw material for pulp and paper manufacturing. The study also compared this issue with the currently undergoing practices of cogeneration, where bagasse is burnt in the sugar mill boilers to produce steam and generate electricity.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:22:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_cf_dr_arafo.pdf: 5096479 bytes, checksum: c93553f9fa019b1a3784c9a4402e4a1a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O laser de baixa intensidade (LBI) tem sido amplamente utilizado no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária. Pesquisas in vivo demonstraram que o LBI pode promover um aumento na síntese de matriz de dentina e menor grau de inflamação pulpar. Entretanto, o mecanismo que rege este processo permanece desconhecido. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o metabolismo de células odontoblastóides em cultura quando submetidas à irradiação direta ou transdentinária (indireta) com LBI e seus efeitos sobre o complexo dentino-pulpar. Células odontoblastóides MDPC-23 foram cultivadas em placas de acrílico de 24 compartimentos ou sobre a superfície pulpar de discos de dentina, com 0,4 mm de espessura e obtidos de terceiros molares, adaptados em câmaras pulpares artificiais. As células foram irradiadas diretamente por 3 vezes (a cada 24 horas) com 2, 4, 10, 15 ou 25 J/cm2 e submetidas a avaliação de metabolismo (MTT), síntese de proteína total e de fosfatase alcalina. Os dois melhores parâmetros de irradiação direta foram utilizados para o ensaio de irradiação transdentinária (indireta) das células. Como resultado da etapa direta de irradiação, foi demonstrado que tanto os valores do MTT quanto os níveis de proteína total e fosfatase alcalina apresentaram valores estatisticamente superiores nas doses de 15 e 25 J/cm2 (Mann-Whitney p<0.05). Assim, estas doses foram usadas no teste de irradiação indireta, obtendo-se aumento do metabolismo, síntese de proteína e fosfatase alcalina estatisticamente superior apenas para a dose de 25 J/cm2 (Mann-Whitney p<0.05). Desta maneira, foi possível concluir, dentro das condições experimentais, que os maiores valores de bio-estimulação das células MDPC-23 ocorreram quando estas foram irradiadas com 25 J/cm2. Para avaliação dos efeitos do LBI sobre o complexo dentinopulpar, foram confeccionadas cavidades... / Low level laser (LLL) has been widely used for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. In vivo studies have shown increased synthesis of dentin matrix and less severe pulpal inflammation in teeth irradiated with LLL. However, the mechanisms that guide this process remain unknown. This study evaluated the metabolism of cultured odontoblastlike cells submitted to direct or transdentinal LLL irradiation as well as its effects on pulp tissue of first molars of rats. The odontoblast-like cells MDPC-23 were cultured (12,500 cells/cm2) on either 24-well acrylic plates or the pulpal surface of dentin discs adapted to artificial pulp chambers. In the first experiment, the cells received direct irradiation for 3 times (every 24 hours) with the following energy doses: 2 J/cm2, 4 J/cm2, 10 J/cm2, 15 J/cm2, and 25J/cm2. Then, the irradiated cells were evaluated concerning their metabolism, synthesis of total protein (TP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The two best direct irradiation parameters obtained in this first protocol were selected to be used in the second experiment, in which the MDPC-23 cells were irradiated through 0.4mm dentin discs obtained from human teeth (indirect irradiation). For the direct assay, the MTT values as well as the TP and ALP levels were significantly higher at the doses of 15 and 25 J/cm2 (Mann-Whitney; p<0.05). When both of these energy doses were used for the indirect irradiation assay, it was observed a statistically significant increase in cell metabolism and synthesis of TP and ALP only for 25 J/cm2 (Mann-Whitney; p <0.05). Under the experimental conditions, it may be concluded that the highest biostimulation values were obtained when the MDPC-23 cells were irradiated with 25 J/cm2. For evaluation of the effects of LLL on the pulp dentin complex, class I cavities were prepared in the first superior molars of rats. After this, the cavities were immediately irradiated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-03-28Bitstream added on 2015-01-26T13:30:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000806001_20170328.pdf: 531116 bytes, checksum: 4bcef8dc36e6fadb7f840876180a7545 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-03-31T12:19:25Z: 000806001_20170328.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-03-31T12:20:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000806001.pdf: 3239201 bytes, checksum: 56301903e59b57f9f74a836016abf9ac (MD5) / Nesta pesquisa, foram analisadas a eficácia clareadora, citotoxicidade e características fenotípicas de células pulpares expostas a protocolos de clareamento de consultório experimentais. No primeiro estudo, discos de esmalte/dentina foram submetidos a 6 sessões clareadoras, caracterizadas por 1 ou 3 aplicações de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) a 35% ou 17,5%, por 5 ou 15 min, ou de peróxido de carbamida (PC) a 37%, por 10 ou 20 min. A alteração de cor (E) e quantificação da difusão de H2O2 (violeta leuco-cristal/peroxidase) foram avaliadas. Todos os protocolos testados promoveram alteração significativa de cor associados a redução na difusão de H2O2; no entanto, o gel com PC apresentou os piores resultados (Traço de Pilai; Bonferroni/p<0,05). Apenas os protocolos 35% H2O2/ 1x 15 e 3x 5 min, 17,5% H2O2/ 3x 15 min e 37% PC/ 3x 20 min apresentaram valores de E similares ao protocolo tradicional (35%/ 3x 15 min) em até 6 sessões de clareamento (ANOVA; SNK e Tamhane/p>0.05). No segundo estudo, foi avaliada a citotoxicidade trans-amelodentinária causada pela aplicação de protocolos experimentais usando 35% H2O2/ 1x 15 e 1x 5 min e 17,5% H2O2/ 3x 15, 1x 15 e 1x 5 min. O protocolo 35% H2O2/ 3x 15 min foi empregado como controle positivo. Os discos de esmalte/dentina foram adaptados em dispositivos trans-well, os quais foram posicionados sobre células odontoblastóides (MDPC-23) e cultura primária de células pulpares humanas (HDPCs) previamente semeadas. A viabilidade (MTT) e morfologia celular (MEV) foram avaliadas imediatamente e 72 h pós-clareamento, bem como o estresse oxidativo e lesão à membrana celular (microscopia de fluorescência). Todos os protocolos experimentais avaliados reduziram significativamente o dano celular quando comparados ao controle positivo (Kruskal-Wallis; Mann-Whitney/p<0,05). Esta redução foi tempo/concentração dependente. As células expostas aos protocolos com o gel contendo 17,5% de... / In this study, the bleaching effectiveness, cytotoxicity and phenotypic characteristic of dental pulp cells exposed to experimental in-office bleaching protocols were analyzed. In the first study, enamel/dentin discs were subjected to 6 bleaching sessions, composed by 1 or 3 applications of a 35%- or 17.5%-H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) gel, during 5 or 15 minutes, or by a 37%-CP (carbamide peroxide) gel, applied for 10 or 20 minutes. Color change (E) and H2O2 diffusion (leucocrystal violet/ peroxidase) were analyzed. All the tested protocols promoted significant color alteration and reduction of H2O2 diffusion; however, the CP gel presented the worst results (Pillai’s trace/ Bonferroni test; p<0.05). Only the protocols 35%-H2O2/ 1x 15, 35%-H2O2/ 3x 5 min, 17.5%-H2O2/ 3x 15 min and 37%-CP 3x 20 min presented similar E values than traditional protocol (35%-H2O2/ 3x 15 min) up to 6 sessions (ANOVA; SNK and Tamhane tests/p>0.05). In the second study, the trans-enamel and trans-dentinal cytotoxicity on dental pulp cells of selected experimental bleaching protocols (35%-H2O2/ 1x 15 and 1x 5 min; 17.5%-H2O2/ 3x 15, 1x 15 and 1x 5 min) were tested. The protocol 35%-H2O2/ 3x 15 min was considered as the positive control group. The enamel/dentin discs were adapted to trans-wells devices, which were positioned over odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) and primary culture of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) previously seeded on culture plates. The cell viability (MTT) and morphology (SEM) were evaluated immediately and 72 h post-bleaching, as well as oxidative stress and cell membrane damage (fluorescence microscopy). The experimental protocols promoted significant minimization of cell damage, for all evaluated parameters, when compared to positive control, in a time/concentration fashion (Kruskal-Wallis; Mann-Whitney/ p<0.05). Cells exposed to protocols with the 17.5%-H2O2 gel presented cell recovery capability in around 50% three days after bleaching...