The main objective of this work was to develop simple and sensitive electrochemical sensors for the detection of bisphenol A. To investigate the electrochemical behavior of BPA on a bare glassy carbon electrode. To apply the developed biosensor for the determination BPA by differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectrometry, square wave voltammetry and steady-state amperometry. To characterize the synthesized PDMA-PSS by cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

The main objective of this work was to develop simple and sensitive electrochemical sensors for the detection of bisphenol A. To investigate the electrochemical behavior of BPA on a bare glassy carbon electrode. To apply the developed biosensor for the determination BPA by differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectrometry, square wave voltammetry and steady-state amperometry. To characterize the synthesized PDMA-PSS by cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Magister Scientiae - MSc / The main objective of this work was to develop simple and sensitive electrochemical sensors for the detection of bisphenol A. To investigate the electrochemical behavior of BPA on a bare glassy carbon electrode. To apply the developed biosensor for the determination BPA by differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectrometry, square wave voltammetry and steady-state amperometry. To characterize the synthesized PDMA-PSS by cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). / South Africa

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-06-26T00:47:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) eliziana_santana_gomes.pdf: 3970415 bytes, checksum: 2481c11516ababe53f6e97ce77e43efc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-07-18T12:49:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) eliziana_santana_gomes.pdf: 3970415 bytes, checksum: 2481c11516ababe53f6e97ce77e43efc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T12:49:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) eliziana_santana_gomes.pdf: 3970415 bytes, checksum: 2481c11516ababe53f6e97ce77e43efc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O estriol (C18H24O3, denominado E3) ? o principal esteroide estrog?nico produzido na gravidez. O uso do estriol ? comum para o tratamento da menopausa como alternativa ao 17?- estradiol, estrona ou a uma combina??o destes dois f?rmacos. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o perfil voltam?trico do estriol utilizando a voltametria c?clica e desenvolver uma metodologia para a sua determina??o em comprimidos e urina utilizando a voltametria de pulso diferencial (DPV) e o eletrodo de carbono v?treo modificado com um filme de polimetionina e cobalto. Os resultados mostraram que em solu??o de tamp?o fosfato a 0,1 mol L-1 (pH 7,0) o E3 oxidou irreversivelmente no potencial de +0,58V, apresentando uma boa defini??o do pico. A curva anal?tica para o E3 foi linear no intervalo de concentra??o de 0,60 ?mol L-1 ? 4,76 ?mol L-1 (R2 = 0,996) e 5,66 ?mol L-1 ? 9,90 ?mol L-1 (R2 = 0,994), com limites de detec??o e de quantifica??o iguais a 3,40x10-8 mol L-1 e 1,13 x 10-7 mol L-1, respectivamente. A precis?o foi avaliada atrav?s de an?lises voltam?tricas do estriol realizadas em um mesmo dia e em dias diferentes e apresentaram desvios padr?es relativos (RSD) inferiores a 5,0%, mostrando que o m?todo desenvolvido ? preciso. Os estudos sobre interferentes mostraram que as subst?ncias presentes nas amostras de comprimido (lactose, estearato de magn?sio e amido) ou urina (?cido ?rico, ?cido asc?rbico e ?cido c?trico) n?o interferiram de maneira significativa na determina??o do E3. Al?m disso, o m?todo desenvolvido foi comparado estatisticamente com um m?todo citado na farmacop?ia atrav?s do teste-t e do teste-F. Os resultados mostraram que os valores de t e F calculados foram menores do que os valores de t e F cr?ticos, indicando que n?o houve diferen?a estat?stica significativa entre os m?todos. A exatid?o do m?todo foi avaliada tamb?m por estudos de adi??o e recupera??o. As recupera??es do E3 variaram de 97,7 ? 100,9% para a formula??o farmac?utica e 99,0 ? 100,9% para a urina, indicando que n?o houve efeitos de interfer?ncia de matriz significativos e que o m?todo apresenta boa exatid?o. Desta forma, a valida??o da metodologia desenvolvida demonstrou que o m?todo proposto pode ser aplicado com sucesso na determina??o do E3 em medicamentos e urina humana. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The estriol (C18H24O3, named as E3) is the main estrogenic steroid produced during pregnancy. The E3 is used to treatment of menopause as an alternative for 17?-estradiol, estrone or a combination of both. The main goal of this work was to study the voltammetric profile of E3 using cyclic voltammetry in order to develop a methodology for its determination in tablets and urine using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and the glass carbon electrode modified with a film of polymethionine and cobalt. The results showed that the E3 was oxidized at + 0.58V in a 0.1 molL-1 phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0), giving a good peak definition. The analytical curve for E3 was linear in the concentration range of 0.60 ?molL-1 ? 4.76 ?molL-1 (R2 = 0.996) and 5.66 ?molL-1 ? 9.90 ?molL- 1 (R2 = 0.994 with lmits of detection and quantification of 3.40x10-8 molL-1 and 1.13x10-7 molL-1, respectively. The precision was evaluated by recording voltammograms of E3 on the same or different day. The relative standard deviations were lower than 5.0% for each test, indicating that the developed method has good precision. The interfering study showed that the tested substances do not interfered significantly in the determination of E3, as for both tablets (lactose, magnesium stearate and starch) or urine test (uric acid, ascorbic acid and citric acid). Furthermore, the developed method was compared to the suggested method from American Pharmacopoeia using the t-test and the F-test. The results showed that the calculated values of t and F were lower than their critical values, indicating no significant statistical difference between the methods. The accuracy of the method was also evaluated by studies of addition and recovery. The recovery of E3 ranged from 97.7 ? 100.9% for the pharmaceutical formulation and 99.0 ? 100.9% for the urine, indicating no significant effects of matrix interference and that the developed method presented accuracy. Thus, the validation of the developed methodology demonstrated that the proposed method can be applied successfully to the determination of E3 in drugs and human urine.

Cette thèse porte sur l’étude de nanocristaux semi-conducteurs ternaires, et leur application dansdes cellules solaires hybrides organiques/inorganiques. Les nanocristaux semi-conducteurs absorbentla lumière à des longueurs d’ondes déterminées par leur taille et leur composition, et conduisent lescharges électriques. Ils sont stables en solution, ce qui permet un dépôt de couches minces à bascout. Aujourd’hui les meilleurs rendements en cellules solaires hybrides sont obtenus à partir de nanocristauxbinaires contenant soit du plomb, soit du cadmium. Les nanocristaux ternaires conserventles propriétés particulières des nanocristaux binaires tout en permettant de s’affranchir des élémentstoxiques. Cependant, leur synthèse reste à optimiser pour contrôler de leur structure cristalline et leurcomposition.Nous avons réalisé, par voie chimique, la synthèse de nanocristaux de CuInS2 de taille et de compositioncontrôlées. En suivant in situ la synthèse de ces nanocristaux par diffraction des rayons X sous rayonnementsynchrotron nous avons trouvé que les précurseurs s’organisent avant nucléation sous forme deplans espacés par deux longueurs du ligand utilisé (ici dodécanethiol, DDT). Cela impacte nucléationet croissance des nanocristaux. Les ligands stabilisent les nanocristaux en solution colloïdale, maisleur caractère isolant peut inhiber le transfert et le transport de charges. Le remplacement du ligandd’origine (DDT) par un ligand plus court, l’éthylhexanethiol (EHT), modifie les niveaux d’énergie etpermet d’augmenter la conductivité des films de nanocristaux. Nous avons intégré des nanocristauxde CuInS2 entourés d’EHT dans des cellules hybrides constituées d’un polymère conjugué (P3HT) etd’un fullerène (PCBM). L’efficacité des cellules solaires contenant des nanocristaux entourés d’EHTest significativement améliorée par rapport à celle des cellules de P3HT :PCBM réalisées dans lesmêmes conditions. Le transfert et la mobilité des charges sont étudiés par RPE sous éclairement etphoto-CELIV respectivement. De ces études il ressort que l’amélioration des cellules provient d’unemeilleure génération et dissociation des charges. / This work is devoted to the study of ternary semiconductor nanocrystals, and their application inhybrid organic/inorganic solar cells. Semiconductor nanocrystals absorb light at controlled wavelength(depending on their size and composition) and are able to transport charges. They form a colloidalsolution in organic solvent compatible with low-cost deposition in thin films. Nowadays, the bestefficiency for such hybrid solar cells is obtained with binary nanocrystals containing lead or cadmium.Ternary nanocrystals preserve the opticla and electronic properties of binary nanocrystals withoutrelying on toxic elements, but it is still a challenge to control their composition and structure.In this thesis, CuInS2 nanocrystals of controlled size and composition were syntesized. A study ofnucleation and growth was carried out by following the synthesis in situ with X-ray radiation at thesynchrotron. This has shown that precursors’ organize themselves into plans of atoms separated by twotimes the length of the ligand (here dodecanethiol, DDT). Ligands stabilize the nanocrystals in colloidalsolution, but their insulating character inhibits efficient charge transfer and transport. Ligand exchangewith ethylhexanethiol (EHT) improves the conductivity of thin films and changethe energetic level ofthe nanocrystals.We studied an approach of hybrid solar cell design, consisting in a bulk heterojunctionof two semiconductor organic components (P3HT and PCBM) and CuInS2 nanocrystals. The efficencyof the cells where nanocrystals are added are better than the one with only P3HT:PCBM. The chargetransfer and mobility was studied by the mean of light induced ESR and CELIV respectively. It hasshown that the improvement of the solar cell efficiency is mainly related to an improvement of thecharge generation and dissociation in the ternary blend.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-12-04T08:42:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Stefani Garcia Rezende - 2015.pdf: 1241735 bytes, checksum: dafaf794ccbc058198ef0f2dd475ae74 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-12-04T08:43:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Stefani Garcia Rezende - 2015.pdf: 1241735 bytes, checksum: dafaf794ccbc058198ef0f2dd475ae74 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T08:43:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Stefani Garcia Rezende - 2015.pdf: 1241735 bytes, checksum: dafaf794ccbc058198ef0f2dd475ae74 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The honey is a concentrated source of nutrients, it is used by animals and exploited as a natural resource for homes since antiquity. Many studies have tried to characterize the honey and its quality, but the complex natural process of production, involve that any research is not able to obtain fully satisfactory results. In this work 24 samples. Were studied 24 samples from honey producing regions located around Goiania - GO and some foreign samples (Portugual, USA and New Zelândias), those donated by the Beekeeping Association of the State of Goiás and these purchased in specialty stores in their respective countries . The physical and chemical tests as indicative of deterioration, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and diastase activity (AD), followed parameters proposed by Normative Instruction N. 11/2000 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA). The antioxidant components analysis was used for traditional spectroscopic methods Folin-Ciocalteu (FC), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH●); and electroanalytical calculated from the oxidation peaks voltammetric differential pulse (DPV) by Electrochemical Index (EI). While mid-infrared method (IR) and methods of multivariate statistical analysis were used for identification and classification of honey from different floral sources and/or regions. As for the deterioration analysis test (HMF and AD) 50% of the samples applied in these tests, for the control of physical and chemical quality, were at odds with the Normative Instruction N. 11/2000 of MAPA. All samples showed the presence of antioxidant compounds exposed by methods FC, FRAP, DPPH● and EI; and the method of FRAP was the one closest to the EI and the DPPH● was inversely proportional to EI, which may conclude that the electroanalytical by DPV is suitable for analysis of antioxidant compounds in honey. The infrared results coupled with chemometric tool, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), were not satisfactory for sample groups of the same floral origin and/or region, but suggested trend in results. / O mel é uma fonte concentrada de alimento, é usada pelos animais e aproveitada como recurso natural pelos homens desde a antiguidade. Muitos são os estudos que trataram de caracterizar os méis e sua qualidade, mas o complexo processo de produção natural pelas abelhas faz que nenhuma pesquisa obtenha resultados plenamente satisfatórios. Neste trabalho foram estudadas 24 amostras provenientes de regiões produtoras de mel localizadas no entorno de Goiânia – GO e algumas amostras estrangeiras (Portugal, Estados Unidos e Nova Zelândia). Os testes físico-químicos empregados com indicativos de deterioração foram (de acordo com a Instrução Normativa nº 11/2000 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento - MAPA): o método do hidroximetilfurfural (HMF) e atividade diastásica (AD). Alem da avaliação da qualidade, foi analisada a capacidade antioxidante mediante: métodos espectrofotométricos tradicionais (Folin-Ciocalteau - FC, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential - FRAP; e 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil - DPPH●); e métodos eletroanalíticos (Índice Eletroquímico - IE, calculado a partir dos picos de oxidação da voltametria de pulso diferencial - DPV). Os resultados obtidos por os diferentes métodos foram tratados usando técnicas de estatística descritiva e quimiometría como a análise de componentes principais (PCA) ou análise hierárquica (HCA), com a finalidade de classificar e identificar as méis a partir das fontes florais e/ou regiões. Os resultado das análises de deterioração (HMF e AD), 50% das amostras estavam em desacordo com a citada Norma. Respeito à atividade antioxidante, em todas as amostras, contrastou-se uma correlação entre os diferentes métodos de analises (FC, FRAP, DPPH● e IE). O método do FRAP foi o que mais se aproximou do IE e o DPPH● foi inversamente proporcional ao IE, o que pode concluir que a técnica eletroanalítica DPV é satisfatória para análise de compostos antioxidantes em mel.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-05-19T12:27:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin - 2016.pdf: 9705883 bytes, checksum: 750508198f2865e073cf36b649344178 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Rejected by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com), reason: on 2016-05-19T12:31:22Z (GMT) / Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-05-19T12:48:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin - 2016.pdf: 9705883 bytes, checksum: 750508198f2865e073cf36b649344178 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-05-19T13:11:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin - 2016.pdf: 9705883 bytes, checksum: 750508198f2865e073cf36b649344178 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-19T13:11:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin - 2016.pdf: 9705883 bytes, checksum: 750508198f2865e073cf36b649344178 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study investigated the antioxidant activity using biosensors based on carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with crude extract of laccase (Pycnoporus sanguineus, activity 2019 U L-1) in different compositions. The biosensor consists of carbon nanotubes activated with DNA (CPEL-DNA: CN) showed the best sensitivity level, 0.0549 μA / μM and 1.2 uM detection limit (LOD) in the concentration range of 20-140 μM of rutin. This biosensor showed excellent stability over 10 days and reproducibility (RSD <5%). This biosensor was used to determine the total amount of phenol in coffee samples (expressed by the equivalent rutin) using electroanalytical technique. For the evaluation of its detection capability, the results were compared with other electroanalytical techniques using analytical basis as samples of commercial coffee from different countries. The CPL-DNA: CN was used to determine the total amount of phenol in coffee samples (expressed by the equivalent rutin). Thus, it was possible to propose the CPL as an analytical tool for the detection of phenols. In this research, we developed several studies using different CPE to investigate the antioxidant natural product profile such as coffee samples, dry extracts of acerola, obtained by cyclic voltammetry (CV),) differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV), which allowed to conclude classes of antioxidants present in the samples. The quantitative determination of these compounds was performed using the standard addition method by differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical index (EI) has been proposed for estimating the oxidizing potential between different samples. Carbon paste electrode was also investigated using the different quality control samples commercialized produced from acerola employing DPV for the quantification of ascorbic acid (AA) in all samples, where the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.31 and 0.96 μM and with excellent recovery between 97.4 to 102.2% The DPPH tests were used to compare the antioxidant activity in coffee and acerola samples. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to estimate the antioxidant activity of rutin from coffee samples. These methods proposed had advantages such as simplicity of sample preparation and the speed of the analysis of antioxidant capacity. / Neste trabalho foram realizados ensaios de atividade antioxidante em amostras de acerola, café, bem como de outros extratos secos de frutos vermelhos, empregando-se eletrodos convencionais de pasta de carbono (EPC), bem como biossensores de EPC modificados com extrato bruto de lacase (EPCL), partindo de Pycnoporus sanguineus (atividade 2019 U L-1) em diferentes composições com e sem uso de agentes modificadores, visando avaliar melhor sistema. Para além consolidar o uso de métodos eletroanalíticos, i.e. voltametria cíclica (VC), voltametria de onda quadrada (VOQ) e pulso diferencial (VDP), na análise de produtos naturais, seja para avaliar perfil antioxidante, seja para inferir sobre classes de antioxidantes presentes nas amostras, pode-se neste estudo avaliar o papel de diferentes agentes modificadores. O biossensor constituído de nanotubos de carbono ativado com DNA (EPCL-DNA) apresentou o melhor nível de sensibilidade 0,0549 μA/μM e um limite de detecção (LOD) de 1,2 μM no intervalo de concentração de 20-140 μM de rutina. Além disso, o biossensor mostrou ter uma excelente estabilidade ao longo de 10 dias e reprodutibilidade (RSD < 5%). Para a avaliação da sua capacidade de detecção, os resultados obtidos foram comparados com outras técnicas eletroanalíticas usando como base analítica amostras do café comercial de diferentes países. O EPCL-DNA foi empregado para determinar a quantidade de fenol total nas amostras de café (expressa pelo equivalente de rutina). Com isso, foi possível propor os EPCL como ferramenta analítica para a detecção dos fenóis. A determinação quantitativa desses compostos foi realizada através da construção de curvas de calibração para VPD e o índice eletroquímico foi proposto para estimar o potencial antioxidante entre diferentes amostras. Também foi investigado o uso de EPC para o controle de qualidade de diferentes produtos obtidos a partir da acerola, empregando VPD para a quantificação de ácido ascórbico (AA) em todas as amostras, onde os limites de detecção (LD) e o Limite de quantificação (LQ) foi de 0,31 e 0,96 μM respectivamente e com uma excelente taxa de recuperação entre 97,4-102,2%. Os ensaios de DPPH foram utilizados para comparar a atividade antioxidante nas amostras de café e acerola. O método de Folin-Ciocalteu foi usado para estimar a atividade antioxidante da rutina nas amostras de café. Pode concluir-se que os métodos propostos apresentaram vantagens, como a simplicidade na preparação das amostras e a rapidez do ensaio da capacidade antioxidante.

The aim of this thesis is to summarize the available evidence about quantum dots and their effects on living systems. The text describes methods for the preparation of quantum dots with respect to their characteristics (size, fluorescence wavelength) and methods of quantum dots bio-functionalization of biomolecules. In living organisms is a large number of proteins, because these are considered as one of the main components of the interaction of organisms. Therefore, the work also provides basic information about proteins. Finally, there are described various methods by which the quantum dots may be characterized mainly by differential pulse voltammetry measurement zeta potential and fluorescence measurement. The main objective of this work is to propose models of different environments in which will be degradation of quantum dots with regard to the evaluation of acquired kinetic parameters for predicting the stability of individual quantum dots.

The thesis is focused on the development of the electrochemical system with microfluidic platform for the detection of multiple biomarkers. It analyses the use of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancer. The theoretical part contains basic information about voltammetric methods and microfluidic systems. The practical part provides solutions to the microfluidic chips, including the description of the used materials, designs, methodologies of preparation and conclusions from the testing of the manufactured microfluidic systems. The thesis describes the lock-in electrochemical system which measures the response of 4 electrochemical cells simultaneously. For the electrochemical system measurements, an electrochemical chip consisting of 64 electrochemical cells was used. The results of the analysis include the processing of the system tests and detected voltammetric curves of the Fe2+/Fe3+ solution and cysteine.

Chlortoluron is a herbicide from the group of substituted ureas and it is used for weed control in production of cereals and poppy. Substituted ureas are widely used but these substances are known for their high mobility in soil, persistence and contamination of underground water. Therefore, the development of analytical methods suitable for residual concentrations determination is necessary. This thesis deals with the determination of chlortoluron using carbon paste electrode (CPE) by the methods of differential pulse voltammetry and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical (HPLC-ED) and spectrophotometric (HPLC-UV) detection. The aim of the work was to find optimal conditions suitable for chlortoluron determination. Further, the possibility of using miniaturized carbon paste electrode (mCPE) and usability of tested methods for determination of chlortoluron in model samples of river water and soil were studied. Concentration dependences in deionized water were measured by the method of DPV in the Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer (pH = 3) and methanol (10 %, v/v). The limit of detection was 3,7∙10-7 mol∙dm-3 in the case of CPE and 8,7∙10-8 mol∙dm-3 in the case of mCPE. Also, concentration dependences were measured using HPLC with mobile phase containing BR buffer (pH = 4) and...