The Swedish upper secondary education consists of different types of schools. One type of school is the upper secondary for pupils who have assessed as having an intellectual disability. The aim of this study is to increase the knowledge and understanding of pupils’ experiences of everyday life in school, and how they perceive the significance of their sense of belonging to this type of school. An additional aim of the study is to increase the knowledge about different ways of organizing the education and teaching. The collection of data started with a national questionnaire survey which was directed to headteachers at the schools. Based on the results from the survey five schools were selected. By participant observations at the schools and repeated interviews with 14 young women and 12 young men, the first person perspective has been studied and analysed through an interpretive approach. The analysis showed that knowledge about the schools different ways of organizing the teaching are of importance, to understand pupils’ diverse experiences of school life. As an example it has an impact on how the pupils evaluate different types of knowledge, but also how they view their future opportunities. Any clear connection between the schools different ways of organizing the education and teaching and pupils’ experiences of their sense of belonging to this type of school has not emerged. Instead pupils’ awareness, confidence, uncertainty, dejection and determination are to be seen as a framework of understanding, telling us about their experiences of their school affiliation. Together they demonstrate a complexity surrounding pupils’ situation, associated to both advantages and disadvantages in school, but also their thoughts about identity and how they perceive being categorized as deviant by others. The analysis also showed that expectations on the pupils, and their possibilities in the school context, are related to a special school culture and to gender differences. / <p>Therése Mineur</p><p>is also affiliated to / är också knuten till</p><p>Högskolan i Halmstad</p>

This study was designed to determine the relationships between three variables in fifth- and sixth-grade classroom verbal interactions. These variables include sex of teacher, sex of pupil, and approval/disapproval interactions between teacher and pupil.

Les auteurs antiques sont à l’origine de la réception de la bataille d’Alésia qui a eu lieu en 52 avant J.-C. et dont la mémoire se maintient jusqu’à la redécouverte archéologique du site, au XIXe siècle, au moment où les Gaulois et Vercingétorix apparaissent au grand jour. Cependant les nombreux vestiges, pas plus que les textes anciens, ne suffisent pas à dépasser les « mythes » nationaux et les querelles concernant la localisation du site. Cette recherche, après avoir rappelé l’importance d’Alésia depuis l’Antiquité, consiste à observer comment la conquête des Gaules et en particulier l’événement « Alésia », épisode de l’histoire gauloise qui n’est abordé dans l’enseignement secondaire en France que dans le cadre de l’histoire romaine, a été présenté à plusieurs générations d’élèves. L’enquête s’appuie sur l’analyse d’une centaine de manuels d’histoire et d’une cinquantaine de cahiers d’élèves de collège, datés de 1880 à nos jours. Les manuels sont ici envisagés comme des témoignages de la transmission des savoirs, inscrits dans un processus qui trouve sa source dans les préconisations officielles du ministère et son aboutissement dans les cahiers d’élèves. Les auteurs de manuels jouent un rôle essentiel dans la réception de cet épisode de l’histoire romaine dans la mesure où ils appartiennent à la fois au monde de la recherche et à celui de l’enseignement secondaire. Jules Toutain, universitaire spécialiste de la Tunisie antique et d’Alésia mais aussi acteur de la colonisation et auteur de manuels, en est l’illustration et permet d’esquisser des parallèles entre la conquête romaine et la colonisation de l’Afrique du Nord. / Ancient authors are the starting point of the reception of the battle of Alesia in 52 B.C. the memory of which has lived on until the archaeological rediscovery of the site during the 19th century, when Gauls and Vercingetorix became one of the foremost topics of historical discussion. Nevertheless neither archaeological remains nor classical sources enable the historian to dispel nationalist myths and disputes about the localization of the site. Underlining the importance of Alesia from antiquity onwards, this study aims at analyzing the way the conquest of Gaul and more particularly the battle of Alesia – a historical event which has long been presented, within French secondary education, only as a chapter of roman history – were taught to generations of pupils. It is based on the close examination of about a hundred textbooks and fifty pupils’ notebooks, dating from 1880 to present times. Textbooks are here regarded as testimonies of the transmission of knowledge, within a process originating from the Ministry’s official recommendations and leading ultimately to pupils’ notebooks. Textbook authors play a decisive role in the reception of this historical episode, since they belong both to the realm of academic research and secondary education. The case of Jules Toutain – a specialist in ancient Tunisian and Gallo-roman history, but also a supporter of colonization and a textbook author – exemplifies this observation and permits us to draw parallels between the Roman conquest and the colonization of North Africa.

Title: Evaluation of running by children young school age Objectives: The thesis aims to determine the level of running locomotion and the educational evaluation of techniques of running by children young school age on the basis of predetermined certain criteria. The results of the thesis were compared with the study of Pojezdalová (1995). Methods: Considering the thesis character I used the standard educational methods of evaluations to affect the individual differences in technique of running deliberately chosen files that consisted of children of third and fourth grade elementary school. I took a video of the running of selected group of children on a quick stretch by digital camera. I was processing a qualitative analysis of the technique of running on the computer by Dartfish software, whereas I used a digitizing of movement, which this program enables. I diagnosed the individual differences in the implementation of chosen skills and by description I pointed out the greatest and the most frequent faults in the technique of running in the monitored children young school age. I wrote the results of evaluation to the pre-created categories and I described the frequency of the individual monitored effects in the result part by basic statistical process. Results: The most frequent fault in the...

The aim of the thesis is to develop the awareness about the existence of demotivation at English lessons and its possible reasons. Major concepts connected with motivation and demotivation are clarified, along with main demotivating factors at school such as a teacher, student's personality, fear or inadequate use of prize and punishment. The research in the form of a questionnaire realised at a primary and a secondary school was done to describe the degree of demotivation at those schools and to find the reasons for it. It was found out that the degree of demotivation is relatively high, prevalent in boys rather than girls. The main demotivating factors seem to be a teacher, a course book and students' laziness. Also the motivating power of praise was confirmed. It was indicated that demotivation is a serious problem that should be solved and therefore some suggestions how to motivate demotivated pupils are introduced. Key words motivation, demotivation, boredom, fear, teacher, pupils, English language

Title: Analysis of motor tests football players Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to assess motor skills and posture among footballers and analyze individual sub-tests in terms of post game player Method: To evaluate the individual tests were used methods of observation. Over four years, was tested using 14 tests 161 football players junior category, 18 goalkeepers, 46 defenders, 32 midfielders and 65 attackers. The results were presented in the form of bar graphs. Results: Partial confirmation of the hypothesis No. 1: results of motor tests, physiotherapy and sports readiness are able to capture qualitative and quantitative changes in the training process. Confirmation Hypothesis 2: Results of the survey of selected anthropometric tests and physiotherapy are dependent on gaming position. We verified the appropriateness of including physiotherapy examination to test batteries and need medical evidence. Key words: Football, measurement, older pupils, motor tests, physiology.

1 Abstract A theoretical part of the thesis is focused on current changes in the basic concept of Education. An attention is paid mainly to the change of the concept of educational goals and new didactic concept of teaching. In the context of changes with regard to student's evaluation in terms of its function, content and its form, it appears that so far the normal way of evaluation (classification) does not cover all the aspects of educational processes of pupils. For these reasons, there is introduced a verbal evaluation, however, it is not entirely accepted by the general public. This thesis summarizes the two types of evaluations. It also informs about the concept of evaluation in alternative ways and approaches to other pedagogies (Montessori pedagogy, "Step by Step", "Respect and be respected") and their benefits and inspiration for the evaluation of pupils from mainstream schools. The research of the thesis presents factors influencing the manner and form of student's Evaluation in Montessori elementary school. An integral part of the research is a survey results from the parents and teachers, in which the main objective is to obtain the question, what type and form of evaluation best captures the level achieved education of a particular student, or what is the most objective evaluation. For this...

(anglicky) Fractions are one of the critical areas of mathematics at the primary school. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe didactic practices used when teaching fractions (focusing in particular on additive operations with fractions) and find out what strategies are used by pupils at selected tasks focusing on fractions, what difficulties are an obstacle in their successful solutions and what images of fractions the pupils have. The theoretical part contains considerations about the teaching and learning of mathematics, the overview of the historical development of the concept of fraction and operations with fractions and also selected research related to fractions. The practical part begins with the analysis of the textbooks where their semantic and structural models used for fractions are identified as well as ways of teaching operations with fractions. My own research consists of semi-structured interviews with five experienced teachers (one of whom is not qualified) on the topic of teaching fractions, the difficulties of pupils with fractions and of clinical interviews with three pupils from different primary schools. Interviews with the pupils were focused on the solution of the diagnostic tasks in the field of fractions. Transcripts of both interviews were analyzed by techniques...

Title: The issues of diagnosing young pupils in football Objective: The aim of the thesis is to find out the improvement or disimprovement of fitness and technical skills during the preparative period in football and the comparison of these results with common population and with other sportsmen at the age from 11 to 12. Method: The tested group were 19 players at the age from 11 to 12 (year of birth 2002) who play the pupil's league. This group came through a 3 - month training course in the preparative period. The players submitted the entry tests, the training course and afterwards they were tested with final tests that were equal to the entry tests. Results: The results part contains a concrete evaluation and comparison with the results by other authors concerning with similar issues. The final results are drawn up in charts, graphically depicted and evaluated. Conclusion: The diagnosing of fitness abilities and technical skills is an important part of the training process because it offers the coach a feedback from the players. The coach can focus on the professionall growth of individual players and can get to know which areas in the training process should be improved. Key words: Football, young pupils, biological age, fitness abilities, coordination skills, technical skills, fitness...

Title: Athletic physical literacy of secondary school pupils Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to compare athletic literacy of seventh and ninth-graders and to test if these pupils are able to perform athletic excercises and can be therefore called athletically literate. Methods: Cross-sectional study, video analysis. Results: The final evaluation showed that the results of both tested grades in the nodal points are similar. Both groups have comparable athletic skills, however, the ninth-graders reached slightly better results. These pupils have more experience and they were able to coordiate their movements better and their performance was also smoother. This "extra" ability is what can be called athletic literacy. The pupils have basic athletic skills and they also know how and when to use these skills properly. Keywords: Athletic literacy, video analysis, kinogram. pupils