Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra hur lärare i årskurs F–3 respektive årskurs 4–6 använder högläsning i sin undervisning. Studiens frågeställningar är: vad syftet med högläsning är i årskurs F–3 jämfört med årskurs 4–6, hur lärare i årskurs F–3 respektive årskurs 4–6 använder högläsning i sin undervisning samt om aktiviteter används i samband med högläsningen. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är det sociokulturella perspektivet. För att få syn på deltagarnas perspektiv har halvstrukturerade intervjuer använts som datainsamlingsmetod. Det är sex verksamma lärare som intervjuats i studien. Studiens resultat visar att syftet med högläsningen är att utveckla elevers språkförståelse samt upptäcka böckernas värld. Det ges även mer utrymme åt högläsning i årskurs F–3 än årskurs 4–6. Den vanligaste aktiviteten är att samtala om och diskutera det lästa. / The purpose of this study is to compare how teachers in grades F-3 and 4–6 use reading aloud in their teaching. The following research questions have been considered: what is the purpose of reading aloud in grades F-3 compared to grades 4–6 and how teachers in grades F-3 and 4–6 respectively use reading aloud in their teaching. The study will also inquire into activities used with reading aloud. The theoretical starting point of this study is the socio-cultural perspective. In order to gain an overview of the participants' perspectives, semi-structured interviews have been used as a data collection method. There are six teachers interviewed in this study. The results of the study show that the purpose of reading aloud is to develop the pupils' language comprehension and to discover the world of books. Reading aloud is also given more space in grade F – 3 than grade 4–6. Speaking about and discussing the reading is a common activity.

Studien är gjord inom området religionsdidaktik med inriktning mot grundskolans årskurs 4 – 6. Det saknas forskning som är gjord i en svensk kontext på mellanstadiet, vilket motiverar studien. Det har gjorts liknande undersökningar i andra länder, varför det också blir intressant att undersöka hur det ser ut i ett svenskt skolsammanhang på mellanstadiet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om och i så fall hur religionskunskapslärare i årskurs 4 – 6 i en svensk kommun använder sina elever som lärande resurser i religionskunskapsämnet. Frågeställningen handlar främst om hur lärare arbetar med att inkludera elevernas religiösa erfarenheter i undervisningen. Studien består av ett resultat baserat på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex olika lärare på tre olika skolor i Gislaveds kommun. En hermeneutisk ansats har använts för att tolka resultatet vilket innebär att min förförståelse och erfarenhet har spelat roll. Alla lärare använder elevers religiösa erfarenheter i undervisningen. Dock varierar det hur lärarna resonerar kring detta och hur de använder dessa. Det är olika hur lärarna tänker när det gäller att be eleverna om tillåtelse att ställa frågor till dem under undervisningen. Alla lärare är överens om att undervisningen berikas av att bjuda in eleverna att dela med sig av sina erfarenheter. ”Det blir mer på riktigt”, som en av lärarna säger. Sammanfattningsvis är det viktigt att känna eleverna. / The study is made within the area of Religious Education didactics with its focus on compul-sory school for children in years 4 – 6. There is much research missing made within a Swedish context in those classes mentioned, which motivates the study. There have been made a few similar studies in other countries, why it is also interesting to see results from a Swedish school context for school years 4 – 6. The purpose of this study is to look into if and in that case how, Religious Education teachers in school years 4 – 6 in a Swedish municipality use their pupils as learning resources in the Religious Education subject. The questions at issue are mainly about how teachers work to include pupils’ religious experiences in the teaching. The study consists of a result based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with six different teachers in three different schools in Gislaveds kommun. A hermeneutic approach has been used to interpret the results which means that my preunderstanding and experience has played a part in the interpretation of the results. Every teacher in the study uses pupils’ religious experiences in their teaching. However, it varies how they reason about the phenomena and how they use it. It is different how the teach-ers think when it comes to ask the pupils about their permission to be asked questions during the class. All the teachers agree that the teaching is enriched by inviting the pupils to share their experiences. “It gets more real”, as one of the teachers said. To sum up, it is important to know the pupils.

The diploma thesis identifies the level of physical abilities of pupils of the first grade of elementary school in relation to the specialization of the teacher of physical education. To test the level of mobility, I chose the proven Unifittest test battery (6-60). I chose the pupils and teachers from four different primary schools in Prague and the surrounding area participated in the testing. By testing, I find and compare the physical abilities of pupils under the guidance of teachers with different specializations. I try to found out whether pupils' results are reflected by the fact that PE lessons are not led by teachers specialization in physical education. I also compare the content of physical education classes in their broader focus. To find this part of the research, I used the questionnaire method. I process and validate my hypotheses with Unifittest (6-60) and my questionnaire. The results of my work show that the level of physical abilities of pupils at primary school level is higher for pupils led by a teacher with PE specialization. Using questionnaires, I have verified that also the qualitative level of PE lessons and the interest of pupils in sports and physical activity are demonstrably higher for pupils led by a physical education expert.

I chose the topic for my diploma thesis " The Excursion for the Elementary School Pupils along the Riverside of the Vrchlice River Aiming at Woody Plants". I took that topic intentionally just for several reasons. I wanted to bring a scenic valley of the Vrchlice river to pupilsˇ attention, to make the identification of woody plants more attractive in the natural scientific excursion, and to consolidate pupils' relation to nature and neighbouring environment. The first theoretical part deals with the general description of this valley and at the same time with the characteristic of animals and plants. Selected sorts of woody plants are described in the most detailed way as they became initial ones for working out worksheets and for the natural scientific excursion. The next part of the diploma thesis concerns inquiry research the goal of which was to find out the interest of teachers from nearby basic schools in worksheets dealing with the woody plants issues of the river Vrchlice. Worksheets dealing with selected wooden plants were elaborated on the basis of the research assessment. Those worksheets were verifield in the follow-up excursion. The closing part evaluates whether all the set targets were accomplished. Keywords Woody plants, educational excursion, worksheets, plants, pupils

Matematik har under lång tid ansetts vara ett maskulint kodat ämne vilket märks både i utbildningar och yrkesliv där en högre andel män än kvinnor återfinns. Elever ska efter genomgången grundskola kunna göra väl underbyggda val av utbildning och yrke. Då jämställdhet i Läroplanen lyfts fram som ett av skolans ansvarsområden är det intressant att se vilka föreställningar om matematisk subjektivitet som elever i de lägre åldrarna har. Syftet med studien var att få en bild av dessa föreställningar samt hur elever ser på sin egen subjektivitet. Med hjälp av poststrukturalistisk feministisk teori möjliggörs studien. Undersökningen har genomförts med semistrukturerade fokusgruppsintervjuer innehållande en bilduppgift med 27 elever i årskurs 3. Analys av materialet har skett genom transkribering av de inspelade ljudupptagningarna samt informanternas bilder av matematiska personer. Resultatet visar att individens eget arbete ansågs vara den främsta orsaken till varför en del elever och vuxna är matematiska. Genus sågs inte som en bidragande faktor vilket överensstämmer med forskning som visar att detta har betydelse i högre årskurser. Risken med att elever anser att individuella orsaker är avgörande kan bli att de upplever att de själva upplever att de bär ansvaret för sin matematiska framgång. / Mathematics has been considered a masculine coded subject for a long time which is evident in both educational programs as well as in professional life, which consists of a higher proportion of men than women. After completing elementary school, students should be able to make well-informed choices of education and occupation. As equality is highlighted as one of the compulsory school’s responsibilities in the Curriculum, it is interesting to see which notions of mathematical subjectivity pupils of the lower ages have. The purpose of this study was to explore these beliefs and how students view their own subjectivity. The study was made possible by using poststructuralist feminist theory. The survey was conducted with semi-structured focus group interviews including a picture assignment given to 27 third grade pupils. Analysis of the material was made using transcripts of sound recordings and informants' images of mathematical persons. The findings show that the individual's own work was considered to be the primary reason why some pupils and adults are mathematical. Gender was not considered to be a contributing factor, consistent with research showing that this is important in later grades. The risk that pupils think individual causes are decisive may be that they feel that they themselves are responsible for their own mathematical success.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Education)) --University of the North, 1988 / Refer to the document

I denna studie undersöker jag hur andraspråkselevers matematiska kunskaper bedöms, när matematikkunskaper ligger på högre nivå än de språkliga. Jag utgick från lärarens perspektiv gällande: vilka tillvägagångssätt en lärare använder för att bedöma eleverna, hur språket blir ett hinder och hur läraren gör för att undvika att språket ska vara ett hinder. För att besvara dessa frågor intervjuade jag två olika lärare på olika skolor som har även olika förutsättningar. Resultaten visar att lärare använder sig av kartläggning och matematikuppgifter, men de tar även hänsyn till att eleverna ännu inte har utvecklat språket genom att använda sig resurser som kan översätta och erbjuda andra uttrycksformer som ”plockisar”. / This study focuses on how second language pupils’ mathematical knowledge is accessed, when their mathematical knowledge is at a higher level than the linguistic knowledge. I focused on the teacher’s perpective regarding: What approaches a teacher uses to assess pupils, how the language becomes an obstacle and how the teacher does to avoid the language to be an obstacle. To answer these wuestions, i interviewed two different teachers at different schools who also have different conditions. The results show that teacheras use a survey and math problem, however they also take into account that pupils have not yet develop the language. Therefore they use  other resources for example a translater and other forms of expression such as ”plockisar”.

This study is about pupils’ perception and interest in the chemistry topic and their understanding of the content of the lessons. This is made by studying pupils’ understanding and motivation based on two lessons in chemistry, a theoretical lesson and a practical lesson. The pupils’ get more curious about the subject of chemistry and environment when working with NTA-box. Eight pupils divided into two groups with four in each, have been interviewed in this study. The pupils in the first group have read a factual text in the science book about red cabbage juice and answered some questions about it. The second group have examined the chemical properties of some substances with the help of red-cabbage juice. The results from the pupil’s answers has shown that motivation of second group was higher, because most pupils thought that laboratory work is fun and they have learned a lot from the studies. However, the pupils who have read the book have been able to understand the text and explain their answers in a clear way.

This paper examines how second-generation Muslim immigrants feel that it is to live as a Muslim today in Sweden. The survey is based on six qualitative interviews in which young adults describe how they relate to their religion, religiosity and to their Muslim identity. The result showed that the interviewers felt that Muslims are often generalised as a homogeneous group in the society where their ethnicity, culture and religiosity are often mixedup with other nationalities and cultures. The young adult Muslims believe that they usually end up in a dilemma when discussion about religious affiliation emerges and that they tend to adapt their identity to the environment and to the people they are surrounded by. The study also showed that young adults seemed to consider that the Muslim traditions were more important during the early years of their childhood and that they functioned as a band between them and their parents during their upbringing. Over the years their religiosity seemed to decrease gradually and the young adults think that different factors have had an impact on the change. The interviewers believe that they, together with their parents, have had to adapt Muslim values to the society. They considered that other traditions, in particular Christian traditions, have become more important in their lives.

<p>Syftet med föreliggande studie är att, genom intervjuer med tolv elever ur år fem, undersöka deras uppfattningar om matematik. För att studera detta har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ metod med inspiration av den fenomenografiska ansatsen. Utifrån studiens syfte och frågeställningar har tre temaområden framtagits inom vilka elevernas uppfattningar analyserats och därefter kategoriserats. Ur resultatet framkommer en relativt snäv syn på matematiken där läroboken är dominerande i elevernas uppfattningar. Boken fungerar som utgångspunkt både i definitionen av matematikämnet och vid beskrivningen av hur ämnet upplevs. Detta kan ha sin grund i, vilket framgår i elevernas beskrivning av matematiklektionerna, att undervisningen till stor del kännetecknas av räknande i läroboken. Ett stort antal av eleverna uppfattar undervisning i matematik som mer eller mindre lustfyllt beroende på hur långt de kommit i läroboken. Att ligga långt fram och att räkna fort framstår som betydande för hur duktiga eleverna upplever sig vara. Flertalet elever uttrycker dessutom en önskan om variation i undervisningen med förslag såsom miljöombyte, nyttjande av konkret material eller möjlighet till arbete närmare det egna intresseområdet. Samtliga elever beskriver dock matematikämnet som viktigt där de flesta argumenten är av funktionell karaktär. Den praktiska användbarheten av matematiken framkommer i liten utsträckning, då främst i anknytning till handel och pengahantering.</p> / <p>The aim of the present study is, through interviews with 12 students in year five, to investigate their views on mathematics. In order to study this, we have used a qualitative approach inspired by the phenomenographic methodology. Based on the study’s aims, three areas have been identified, in which the pupils’ views were analyzed and then categorized. The results showed a somewhat limited view of mathematics, where the course textbook heavily influenced pupils’ perceptions of the subject. The study shows that the textbook largely forms the basis both for how the subject is defined and perceived. This could be based on teaching being largely based on arithmetic exercises in the textbook itself, as is shown in students’ description of mathematics lessons. A large number of pupils correlate their enjoyment of mathematics with how far they have come in the courseware.  <em>To be a long way into the book </em>and <em>to be able to calculate quickly </em>are both key indicators of how mathematically able students consider themselves to be. In addition a majority of pupils express a desire for more variation in teaching methods, with proposals such as a change of scenery, the use of real world examples, or the possibility to concentrate on an area in which they were particularly interested. However, all pupils consider the subject of mathematics to be important, where the most common arguments are of a functional nature. The practical usefulness of mathematics was considered to be limited, mainly confined to shopping and managing money.</p>