The topic of thesis is motivation of experienced employees toward to starting own business. The purpose is to identify the attitudes of respondents to leave their job and decide to start own business within push-pull theory. Research is carried out on the basis of questionnaire which is divided into three parts. Results of thesis will be suggestions for companies to reduce workers leaving the job depending on push factors.

The present study aims to identify the association between gender and three different aspects: performance, pull-push factors, and nonprofit-for-profit sectors. In order to respond to the research questions, a quantitative approach was applied. Secondary data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2016 was collected as it includes self-reported information of established business owners from the UK. The results provided by the cross tabulation analysis executed by the SPSS, show a deeper and quantitative understanding regarding the associations between gender and the three aspects. Findings demonstrated that gender only had a significant association with the for-profit and nonprofit sectors. The other aspects clearly showed that they did not have any association with gender. Also, this study discusses the unequal number of female and male entrepreneurs shown in each of the aspects in order to provide acknowledge about the current situation in the UK. It is recommended that future research collects a higher number of variables or responses, preferably primary data that includes more information about the aspirations and preferences of the individuals and combines quantitative with qualitative methods. In conclusion, the gender of entrepreneurs should not be considered to be a break-dealer factor.

This thesis studies the factors that make international students from non-EU countries move to Hungary for their studies, what their experience in the host society was and how this experience affected their decisions about their post-graduation plans. Using qualitative methodology and semi-structured interviews, this research seeks to analyze the different factors that either pull these students to stay in Hungary or relocate to a different country or factors that push these students to return home. These factors are divided into three main groups: professional, personal and social factors. Overall, the results reveal that professional factors play the biggest role in either pulling students to stay in the host country or relocate onwards, while these factors were never mentioned as an incentive to return home. Personal and social factors, on the other hand, affected people differently, as some of the personal or social factors made one stay, while the same factors made others leave.

This thesis deals with the issue of illegal migration in the Czech Republic and various approaches to its solution. First of all, it provides a complex survey of the problem. It views the problem in the context of international migration, labor migration and the legislative framework of the Czech Republic, as regards its relation to foreigners. The goal is to compare and evaluate individual possibilities of dealing with illegal migration from the point of view of governmental and non-governmental institutions, and to propose an optimal solution. The thesis presents indepth interviews with representatives of seven different institutions. It turns out that particular solutions of illegal migration can not be separated, rather they must be viewed in the context of all other solutions. The priorities of the fight with illegal migration are the following: cooperation with countries of origin, enlightenment of both, potential immigrants as well as their potential employers, getting rid of ``push{\crqq} factors in countries of origin, and elimination of the main ``pull{\crqq} factor which is the possibility of getting an illegal job in the target country. The main output of my thesis research is pinpointing recommendations and conclusions which should be considered when looking for an optimal solution to the issue of illegal migration. I also present a few hypotheses for further research. When looking for an optimal solution the crucial task is played by the high-quality discussion on both levels, the professional as well as the public one. I suppose that this work has enhanced such discussion, furthermore, it can enhance such debate in the future too.

Apart from trade and drug control, immigration is one of the three major issues affecting U.S. - Mexican relations. The U.S. today has more immigrants from Mexico alone than any other country in the world has from all other countries of the world. The scale of this human movement, the persistence and the large proportion of the unauthorized low skilled migrants, which dominated this flow for decades, make Mexican migration unique. The decision to migrate North has always been driven by economic motives; the prospect of higher wages and a better living standard have been the main push factors, until recently. Since 2007/2008 there has been a significant change in the character of Mexican migration. This can be attributed to several factors influencing the process at once, but the primary reason is the escalation of drug related violence on the Mexican side of the border. The focus of my thesis is to analyze the transformation of Mexican migration since 2007/2008. I argue these years have been a turning point in the dynamics of migration for two reasons. Firstly, in 2007 the American economy turned into recession, which significantly affected the flow of unauthorized migration. Secondly, in 2008 the drug related violence in Mexico spiked dramatically. This had a deterrent effect on the unauthorized...

The main aim of this research study was to explore attraction factors pertaining to the literature and to the occupational context of nursing personnel who have exhibited employment interest in a managed care organisation. A qualitative research approach was adopted in which semi-structured interviews were held to collect rich exploratory data from the purposeful sample of nine applicants with nursing qualifications. Twenty-five themes were identified through interpretive data analysis as being important factors in the pre-interview attraction process. The highest ranking of these were identified to be opportunities for professional and personal growth and the relationship with the managed care client, followed by salary and working hours. This study contributes knowledge to Personnel and Career Psychology in the field of Industrial and Organisational Psychology and is pertinent to organisations recruiting nurses, advising them in the formulation of contextually appropriate attraction strategies that attend to the most notable attraction factors / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M.Com. (Industrial and Organizational Psychology)

The main aim of this research study was to explore attraction factors pertaining to the literature and to the occupational context of nursing personnel who have exhibited employment interest in a managed care organisation. A qualitative research approach was adopted in which semi-structured interviews were held to collect rich exploratory data from the purposeful sample of nine applicants with nursing qualifications. Twenty-five themes were identified through interpretive data analysis as being important factors in the pre-interview attraction process. The highest ranking of these were identified to be opportunities for professional and personal growth and the relationship with the managed care client, followed by salary and working hours. This study contributes knowledge to Personnel and Career Psychology in the field of Industrial and Organisational Psychology and is pertinent to organisations recruiting nurses, advising them in the formulation of contextually appropriate attraction strategies that attend to the most notable attraction factors / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.Com. (Industrial and Organizational Psychology)

Over the past 30 years South Africa has lost valuable human capital due to high volumes of emigration. South Africa has also seen numerous changes in its political, economic and social structure specifically in these decades, but little investigation has been done into the possibility of an association between political, economic and social, as well as personal factors, and the decision to leave South Africa. This study refers to Lee’s Migration Model (1966) that was used as a broad theory for migration. The model involves four sets of factors: factors associated with the area of origin, factors associated with the area of destination, intervening obstacles and personal factors. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory also explains the personal motivational theory for migration. Lee’s Model of Migration is used to investigate which political, economic, social and personal factors in the area of origin (South Africa) pushed South African emigrants to leave the country. It also investigates which political, economic, social and personal factors in the area of destination (Australia and New Zealand) pulled South African emigrants toward these countries. This study involved mixed-methods research (Creswell, 2009), thus the data collection methods were both qualitative and quantitative. The study followed a sequential exploratory strategy in two stages with the qualitative data collection occurring first, followed by a quantitative study – ‘QUALquan’ study. The data are mixed between analysis of the qualitative data and the quantitative data collection (Creswell, 2009:211). The qualitative data collection instruments used in the first stage of the study in 2009, were face-to-face interviews consisting of one focus group and six personal interviews in New Zealand, as well as twelve personal interviews in Australia. In the second stage of the study in 2015, namely the quantitative research, respondents were selected by contacting 17 closed (secured) Facebook groups that were formed for South Africans living either in Australia or New Zealand. There is no alternative sampling frame available since emigrants do not need to declare themselves as migrants on a work visa, furthermore, official documentation is not accessible to the public. A quantitative data collection instrument was administered with an online questionnaire. In the Australian Facebook groups, 137 respondents completed the questionnaire, and in New Zealand Facebook groups, 118 respondents, which adds up to a total of 255 respondents who completed the questionnaire. The results concluded that South Africa’s governance framework, its infrastructure and legislation acted as political push factors motivating South Africans to emigrate, while an uncertain economy contributed as an economic push factor. Socially, a perception of a limited future and a narcissistic society is what pushed South Africans to emigrate. Personal push factors that drove the emigration decision included, unmet physical, safety, belonging and esteem needs. The political factors that pulled South African emigrants to Australia and New Zealand involved effective government services and governmental aid. Economic pull factors included economic certainty and a lower cost of living. Social pull factors proved to be familiar circumstances and a better future. Personal pull factors were safety, belonging and self-actualisation needs. This mixed-method approach focussed on the gap to a followup study that was identified in previous individual qualitative and quantitative studies. These results may assist the South African government to take measures that ensures the retention of highly skilled citizens. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

Youth unemployment is one of the key global challenges facing the world today. Statistically, the global youth unemployment rate is 13.1%. Youth entrepreneurship is viewed as a possible solution to youth unemployment. Interestingly, the world has adopted entrepreneurship as a strategic approach to facilitate economic participation among the youth. Youth entrepreneurship has gained importance in recent years in many countries, as a way of fostering employment opportunities, boosting economic competitiveness, and promoting local and regional development. Youth involvement in entrepreneurship assists in boosting their confidence, achieving economic independence, and alleviating poverty. Some researchers describe entrepreneurial orientation as innovativeness, pro-activeness, risk taking, and competitive aggressiveness. Other researchers see entrepreneurial orientation as being pushed or pulled into entrepreneurship. In this study, push and pull factors to become entrepreneurs were used to determine the entrepreneurial orientation of the respondents. The objectives of the study were to investigate whether there is a relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and the business performance of youth entrepreneurs in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. A descriptive research design within a quantitative research approach was adopted using online surveys and physical administration of questionnaires. The study used a census method to sample 555 youth entrepreneurs in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. A low response rate was achieved as only 96 respondents fully completed the questionnaires, which were used in the analysis. The collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The findings of this study revealed that push factors had a significant influence on the business performance of youth businesses in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality; whereas there was no statistical evidence to suggest that pull factors predicted the business performance of youth businesses in the study area. The research found that entrepreneurship among young individuals is essential to enhancing young people’s economic development. The study discovered that most TMM youths were pulled in to starting their own businesses. The research also suggested that, EO could encourage TMM youth entrepreneurs to continue to become innovative, take- risk, be pro-active and competive aggressive in the businesses. / Business Management / M.A (Business Management)

Traditionnellement, les migrants internes chinois migrent seuls et laissent derrière eux leurs époux et enfants. Depuis vingt ans, ils sont toutefois plus nombreux à migrer avec les membres de leur famille. Peu d’études ont été consacrées à ce type de migrants. Selon la théorie de la migration de Mincer, les migrants familiaux ne choisissent pas un lieu de destination de la même façon que les migrants individuels. Ils ne sont pas attirés par les mêmes facteurs que les migrants individuels. En nous basant sur la littérature sur le sujet, qui met en relief le rôle des facteurs économiques dans la décision de migrer, nous nous posons alors la question de recherche suivante : les facteurs économiques ont-ils plus d’incidence sur le choix de destination pour les individus que les familles. En contrepartie, ces derniers seraient, plus que ceux qui migrent seuls, motivés par des facteurs environnementaux ou socio-sanitaires? Nos analyses sont effectuées avec les données de l’Enquête chinoise dynamique sur les migrants de 2014, qui contient des informations sur 200 937 migrants résidant dans 346 villes, et de l’Annuaire statistique des villes chinoises. Les analyses statistiques sont réalisées avec un modèle logit conditionnel, qui permet de déduire, sachant qu’une migration a eu lieu, l’attractivité des villes liée à leurs caractéristiques géographiques, économiques, sociales ou encore environnementales. Nos résultats suggèrent que les migrants familiaux sont en effet moins motivés que les migrants individuels par des facteurs économiques favorables dans les villes de destination, tels que des revenus moyens élevés, une quantité élevée de dépenses dans l’immobilier, une proportion élevée d’entreprises privées et de travailleurs autonomes, un taux de chômage bas et une proportion élevée d’emplois dans le secteur secondaire. Nos résultats indiquent aussi que les migrants familiaux sont motivés par certaines caractéristiques socio-sanitaires telles que la quantité de dépenses dans l’éducation, les sciences et la technologie et de lits d’hôpitaux. Nous remarquons que ces effets sont plus forts chez les migrants ayant eu des enfants avant de migrer et vivant avec ceux-ci au moment de l’enquête. Nous notons par ailleurs que certains de ces résultats sont affectés par un effet d’âge, qui peut être confondu avec le cycle de vie familiale, les migrants familiaux étant en général plus âgés que ceux ou celles qui migrent seuls. / Traditionally, Chinese internal migrants migrate alone and leave behind their spouse and children. Over the past twenty years, more migrants have migrated with members of their nuclear family (Fan et al., 2011, Fan et Li, 2019, Duan et al., 2008). Few studies have been devoted to this type of migrants. According to Mincer’s migration theory (1977), family migrants do not choose a place of destination in the same way as individual migrants. They also are not attracted by the same pull factors as individual migrants. The purpose of our research is to address the following question: Do the economic factors have a greater impact on the destination choice of families when compared to individuals, the former being more motivated by environmental, social and health factors? Our analyzes are performed with data from the 2014 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, which contains information on 200,937 migrants residing in 346 cities, and the Statistical Yearbook of Chinese Cities. The statistical analyses are performed with a conditional logit model. The results indicate that family migrants are less motivated than individual migrants by favourable economic factors such as high average incomes, high proportion of private businesses and self-employed workers, high amount of spending on real estate, high proportion of high employment in the secondary sector and low unemployment rate. Our results also allow us to conclude that family migrants are motivated by certain social and health characteristics such as the quantity of hospital beds and the amount of expenditure on education, science, and technology. We note that these effects are more important among migrants who had children before migrating and living with them at the time of the survey. However, we observe that some of these results are due to an age effect.