Ki, Japanese for living energy (Chi in Chinese), is at the absolute core of the Oriental model of medicine and wellness. Complementary to this model, many Oriental martial art exercises have evolved to cultivate Ki for optimal health. However, the concept of Ki remains poorly understood and relatively unexplored in traditional Western health and medical literature. Further, the health focus of martial art research has remained primarily concerned with the arts' contribution to psychological health. This has left a significant gap in our understanding of the other health benefits that these arts and Ki have to offer. To begin closing these gaps, Moustakas' phenomenological research method was used to develop an enhanced understanding of Ki. Twelve advanced practitioners of the traditional martial art of Aikido were asked to illuminate how they perceive and describe the experience of Ki in their lives. Aikido was an excellent art through which to study Ki because of the art's focus on developing the Ki of its practitioners and its recognition in the literature as psychologically beneficial. The co-researchers described Ki as a force that they perceived to be influencing their lives in multiple ways. They believed that the Ki they developed through their Aikido practice enhanced the health of their minds, bodies, and spirits. Ki was described and explained through its perceived immediate and long term effects. They expressed Ki as an integrated part of their beings that enhanced physical and psychological health and well-being, and fostered calmness and clarity of mind. Ki was also perceived as a tool for recove1ing from injuries and illness and for achieving personal goals. Further, over time they perceived that Ki engendered great trust in the universe and that Ki protected their health. Several key differences between the traditional definition of Ki and the co-researchers' everyday experience emerged from the analysis. These were the differentiation between the long and short term effects of Ki, the description of Ki as a tool, and the attribution to Ki of the feelings of trust in the universe.

Coupled electron and proton transfer (CEPT) events are fundamental for many bioenergetic conversions that involve redox reactions. Understanding the details underlying CEPT processes will advance our knowledge of (1) how nature regulates energy conversion; (2) our strategies for achieving renewable energy sources; (3) how to cope with CEPT dysfunction diseases. Studies of the detailed mechanism(s) of CEPT in biological systems is challenging due to their complex nature. Consequently, controversies between the concerted and sequential mechanism of CEPT for many systems remain. This dissertation focuses on the bovine mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex. CEPT in the bc1 complex operates by a modified "Q-cycle"(1) and catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol (QH2), to cyt c via an iron sulfur cluster (ISC) and to the low potential hemes of cyt b, where it reduces ubiquinone (UQ). The electron transfer is coupled to the translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, generating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. Although the Q-cycle is widely accepted as the model that best describes how electrons and protons flow in bc1, detailed binding geometries at the Qo site (QH2 oxidation site) and Qi site (UQ reduction site) remain controversial. The binding geometries play critical roles in the thermodynamic and/or kinetic control of the reaction and protonatable amino acid side chains can participate in the proton transfer. The central focuses of this dissertation are molecular dynamics simulations of cofactor binding geometries near the Qo and Qi sites, calculations of the pKa values of ionizable amino acid side chains implicated in cofactor binding, especially the ISC-coordinated histidines, and implications for the proposed mechanism(s) of CEPT. For the first time, pKa values of the ISC-coordinated histidines are differentiated. The computed pKa values of 7.8±0.5 for His141 and 9.1±0.6 for His161 agree well with experiment (7.63±0.15 and 9.16±0.28). Thus, His161 should be protonated at physiological pH and cannot be the first proton acceptor in the QH2 oxidation. Water mediated hydrogen bonds between substrate models and the protein and water accessibility to the Qo and Qi sites were maintained in simulations, implying that water molecules are likely the proton donors and acceptors. / Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences; / Chemistry and Biochemistry / PhD; / Dissertation;

¡@¡@Compiled by the Division translation " Lao Qi Da " and " Piao Tong Shi " series of books, are the most authoritative, and important Chinese spoken language conversation textbook in Korean, but also the use of literacy learning Chinese textbooks. These two series use a long time, spread wide, in history has a huge impact, reflecting the three or four hundred years of modern Chinese phonology, vocabulary and grammar of a number of changes in the study of modern Chinese language has a unique value. As the Chinese affixes involve the two levels of vocabulary, and grammar, is the important phenomenon in the history of Chinese vocabulary. It is tremendous and research value. Since the pre-Qin, ¡§derived word¡¨ has been generated more and more with the times. The increasing number of terms is generated by the derived word formation, and derived word is one important way for polyphony of Chinese language. Therefore, this paper intends to represent the Yuan and Ming northern Chinese spoken " Lao Qi Da Yan Jie " and " Piao Tong Shi Yan Jie " two books for the corpus, the word derived from two books discuss the types of use cases, and change. ¡@There are five chapters in this thesis, except <Introduction> and <Conclusion>, the derived words are discussed for the current situation. It also discusses the prefix and suffix for the two books of " Lao Qi Da Yan Jie " and " Piao Tong Shi Yan Jie". Simply, except for a few examples of non-Chinese idiom, the " Lao Qi Da Yan Jie " and " Piao Tong Shi Yan Jie " which are not the local material, but useful textbook, are in line with the common Chinese language phenomenon. Keywords :Lao Qi Da Yan Jie, Piao Tong Shi Yan Jie, Chinese textbook, derived word, affix

Because of competing for the recreational needs of the new sound, it was resulting in long tones boom and changing the dominant status of the short term in Preceding Song Dynasty. Regarding Fu as Ci was learning the writing skills from Ci to expand the original technique of expression of Ci. It was the new practice in response to long tones or slow terms. The implication of this word "Fu" was based on the meaning of the repeated narrative, and both had the virtues of the Sao Fu, Xun Fu, prosaic Fu, antithetic Fu and metric Fu. Xin Qi-ji¡¦s actual performance on regarding Fu as Ci, and his repeated narrative used in the flow of time, ode to history and nostalgia, the category of thing, the entire space and the specific object, which were able to narrate with wonderful words, from that we can see the thousands of states. Excessive parallelism and antithesis not only reached to the effects of repeated narrative, but the antithesis caused by the double sentences and top word were both closed to the practice of metric Fu. It was also the example of lyricization. Stacks of allusions, the Fu requires itself to be very perfect, and it was appropriate for the poetry. The allusion-using of Xin¡¦s Ci, such as Congratulating the groom, was like the Hate Fu. Sao Fu and prosaic Fu were good at playing an active part in the imagination, and then falsely declared the otherness in order to modify. Xin¡¦s Ci of Magnolia slow used ¡§asking-God form¡¨ to issue continuously the contradictory questions, and they created the unreasonable and wonderful sense. It was the amazing performance of Xin Qi-ji¡¦s imagination. Hypothesized question and answer was able to use the third party to express the issues which were difficult to say directly. The one purpose was to be far from the conflict of interests, and the other purpose was to expound circuitously with superfluous words. The situation that the poets imitated the Fu by enchanting with the style of Fu writer, such as Liu Yong imitated Song Yu, and Xin Qi-ji liked to quote from Qu Yuan¡¦s Fu. By imitating deliberately the Fu, such as Water Dragon Verse was similar to Luo God Fu, with the use of rhyme ¡§xie¡¨. By completely imitating and shifting the words, with the use of famous sentences written by predecessors, it met one¡¦s own spirituality. The allegory of prosaic Fu focusd on the end of the article in order to boost the whole article¡¦s momentum, and because Xin Qi-ji had a sentimental mind, it was easy to see the allegory spirit appeared on the end of his Fu.

¡@¡@The present study investigates the flux and reflux of the Qin Country,Qi Country and Chu Country during the Warring States Period . Marking researches into the ancient books which are Shi Ji ¡]¡m¥v°O¡n¡^, Zhan Guo Ce¡]¡m¾Ô°êµ¦¡n¡^, Shang Jun Shu¡]¡m°Ó§g®Ñ¡n¡^and archaeological materials of the tombs and bamboo slips of Qin Country in Shui Hu Di¡]¡mºÎªê¦a¯³¹Ó¦Ë²¡n¡^,Zhan Guo Zong Heng Jia Shu¡]¡m¾Ô°êÁa¾î®a®Ñ¡n¡^. The study consists of five chapters . ¡@¡@Chapter One , Introduction , presents the motivation and purpose , research materials and methods , and ths present study.of Qin Country Empire . ¡@¡@Chapter Two consists of three parts. The first part introduce the changes of society during the Spring and Autumn States Period . The second part discuss about the topics of the polity , finance , social values , military affairs ,and the international position . The Qin Country establish the concept which were agriculture and military affairs after the innovation by Shang Yang . The Qin Country grow fase through the efficient administration and strong enough to attack other countries . The third part is a conclusion of the innovation from the Qin Country , Qi Country and Chu Country . ¡@¡@Chapter Three consists of three parts. Making good use of human resources to break obstacles to the diplomacy is the main ideas of the chapter . First part discusses opportunist have two features on valuing timing and vicissitudes . Part two reveals The Qin Country have more talents than Qi Country and Chu Country and let them show slick strategy of diplomacy . Part three discusses means of diplomacy which are analyzed and inducted to Nine Types of Intervening in enemy state heirdom , Setting a prime minister in enemy state , Using means of bribery , Hostage , Connecting by marriage , Territory , Holding Audiences , Holding Conferences , Testing the water temperature . The Qin Country could make good uses of the diplomatic skills and adjust to changing circumstance quickly . ¡@¡@Chapter Four combining three parts investigate the concept of ability in the united wars . ¡@¡@Chapter Five ¡V Conclusion , according to several chapters represents the study construction of the win-lost various factors and gives the results of the study. ¡@¡@Key words¡GThe Warring States Period , Qin Country , Qi Country , Chu Country , innovation , diplomacy

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Thèse (D. en études et pratiques des arts)--Université du Québec à Montréal, 2004. / En tête du titre: Université du Québec à Montréal. Bibliogr.: f. 286-296. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Zhi dao jiao shou: Lü dale 880-04 Includes bibliographical references.

abstract: The global spread of body techniques, such as Yoga, meditation, Tai Chi, Qigong, and non-competitive martial arts have been diffusing into socio-cultural spaces and institutions outside of their native contexts. Despite the ubiquity of cultural borrowing and mixing, the much needed conceptualization and theorization of cultural appropriation is nearly absent within intercultural communication studies. This ethnographic study examines one community of martial artists who practice Aikido, a martial art originating from Japan, in the United States to explore how members negotiate and appropriate its cultural elements in their practice, how the practice binds the dojo community, and how the practice cultivates an embodied dialogic practice. The study takes an ethnographic approach that uses qualitative methods (e.g. participant-observation and interviews). It is also an experiment with methodology comprised of two moment: the first taking an informative and a communicative view of ethnography, and the second, a performative approach. The ethnographic account transposes the Aikido technique - 1) attack, 2) evasion, 3) centralization, and 4) neutralization - onto the chapters as a way to co-produce the world textually rather than extract representations from it. At the dojo Shining Energy, corporeal, material and semiotic components coexist to produce both defined and latent relationalities that open fields and spaces not predetermined by meaning, law, and authority. The transmission of skill takes places through the relational openings in the rich structured environment during practice that each member helps to generate regardless of their skill level. Aikido practice cultivates a latent form of coping strategy where practitioners learn to flourish in midst of hostile situations while maintaining their own presence and identity. Practitioners persist in the practice of Aikido to submit themselves to the processes to engage their sinews, senses and neural paths to keep up with the particulars of situations so that perception, control, and action to run together like the "flash of lightening" to open up inert reality into a process. The practice of Aikido points to a space and time beyond the movement forms to intimate and reveal new ways of not only moving in the world, but also moving the world! / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Communication 2012

Orientadores: Roberto Berton de Angelo, Fernando C. Passos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T03:09:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Figueiredo_MilenaMachado_M.pdf: 4143906 bytes, checksum: 50f1ebf8caf9fcb85899f70820dad6eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / Resumo: A criação deum vídeo sobre uma prática corporal chinesa denominada Qi Gong (1) dos Símbolos é o tema deste projeto, no qual se procurou explorar as possíveis relações entre movimentos corporaisdo oriente e o meio vídeo. O conteúdo estético da obraem vídeo resultou da investigação do tempo interno e do conteúdo simbólico da prática corporal, que compuseram uma expressão audiovisual própria baseada na filosofia chinesa e na pesquisa de cada movimento que compõe o Qi Gong dos Símbolos. Este material teórico apresenta um levantamento sobre o histórico do Qi Gong dos Símbolos, pesquisas dos símbolos de cada movimento e reflexões sobre a realização do vídeo. (1) Qi Gong pronuncia-se tchi cun / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Multimeios