The current study targeted the current issue of the Yemeni crisis and activity of the Houthi movement from the point of its internal and external causes. The activity of the extremist groups on the territory of Yemen creates significant national security risks for most of countries of the Arabian Peninsula. In these conditions, it was important to analyze the problem in detail to comprehend and envision future possible resolutions. To analyze the issue under discussion, the paper utilized the conflict and proxy war theories in the international relations (IR) sphere.  In addition, qualitative data was collected and transformed into quantitative materials using quantitative content and discourse analysis methods. The critical analysis of the selected theories led to the recognition of the key theoretical concepts applicable for the study of the Yemeni case. The methodology was applied to review the official speeches of the national leaders of the following countries and organizations: the UAE, the United States, and Hezbollah. Based on the study findings, the paper determined interests of each potential side and proposed a potential strategy to effectively minimize the security risks caused by the movement.

Med löften om framgång, snabba pengar och ekonomisk frihet har multi-level-marketing (MLM) organisationer tågat in på sociala medier. Flaggskeppet IM Academy, en amerikansk utbildningsplattform,  har tagit fäste både internationellt och i Sverige. Trots varningar från flera myndigheter om att verksamheten kan vara ett kriminellt pyramidspel. Denna kvantitativa innehållsanalys undersöker hur personer som starkt förknippas med MLM-organisationer marknadsför och rekryterar till organisationen. Studien grundar sig i Goffmans teori om intrycktshantering som handlar om att personer väljer att visa upp de positiva och mer attraktiva delarna av sig själv. Teorin, tillsammans med tidigare forskning om MLM-organisationer, visuell kommunikation och influencers har applicerats på digitalt material i form av Instagraminlägg. Med hjälp av kodbok och kodmanual har syftet och teorin operationaliserats till mätbara variabler för att nå ett standardiserat och generaliserbart resultat. Resultatet visar att fler män än kvinnor kunde identifieras bland profilerna, där “entreprenör” utgjorde den vanligaste yrkesbeskrivningen i biografin, och där “DM” var den vanligaste förekommande rekryteringen. Profilerna kategoriseras i huvudsak som "nano influencers" med 0 till 5000 följare. Marknadsföring konstaterades förekomma genom bild, text och emojis i Instagraminläggen, med fokus på olika teman, där selfies och resebilder var de vanligaste huvudmotiven. Olika teman av förmåner, såsom resor, inkomst, karriär- och personlig utveckling var framträdande. Personlig utveckling framhävdes framför karriärutveckling. Ord med koppling till konsumtion och kritik mot “vanliga” jobb hade låg förekomst. Denna studie föreslår att marknadsföring för MLM-organisationer lyfter de främre regionerna och inte alltid är en objektiv bild av verkligheten. Undersökningen tyder på att marknadsföring på plattformen främst sker genom relationsmarknadsföring. Självpresentation och kommunikation av förmåner används för att skapa en image av entreprenörskap och en eftersträvad livsstil, vilket stöder rekrytering och förtroendebyggande inom MLM-organisationer. Detta kan föra mottagaren bakom ljuset, och lämna denne i tron om en trygg inkomst och ett stabilt karriärsval. / Multi-level marketing (MLM) organizations have entered social media with promises of success, quick money and financial freedom. The flagship IM Academy, an American training platform, has taken hold both internationally and in Sweden. Despite warnings from several authorities that the business could be a criminal pyramid scheme. This quantitative content analysis examines how people strongly associated with MLM organizations market and recruit to the organization. This study is based on Goffman's theory of impression management, which states that people choose to display the positive and more attractive parts of themselves. The theory, together with previous research on MLM organizations, visual communication and influencers, has been applied to digital material in the form of Instagram posts. Later on the purpose and theory has been operationalised into measurable variables to achieve a standardized and generalisable result. Which will be explained in a codebook and code manual. The result shows that more men than women could be identified among the profiles, where "entrepreneur" was the most common professional description in the biography, and where "DM" was the most common recruitment. The profiles are mainly categorised as "nano influencers" with 0 to 5000 followers. Marketing was found to occur through image, text and emojis in the Instagram posts, with a focus on different themes. Selfies and travel pictures were the most common main motifs. Various themes of benefits such as travel, income, career and personal development were prominent. Personal development was emphasised over career development. Words related to consumption and criticism of "regular" jobs were low in frequency. This study suggests that marketing for MLM organizations highlights the front regions and is not always an objective picture of reality. The research suggests that marketing on the platform is mainly done through relationship marketing. Self-presentation and communication of benefits are used to create an image of entrepreneurship and a desired lifestyle, which supports recruitment and trust building within MLM organizations. This can mislead the recipient, leaving them in the belief of a secure income and a stable career choice.

In the advancement of technology, one innovation has taken the world by storm:AI. The way media portrays various subjects might affect how they are received by society at large, therefore this study aims to understand the tone and portrayal of AI in Swedish mews media in order to see how AI is presented to the society today. To examine how AI is decipted and presented in the media, a quantitative content analysis of three Swedish newspapers, a daily, an evening, and a business newspaper, was conducted during the first quarter of 2024. The study is based on framing theory and agenda-setting theory to see how the different newspapers depict AI and wheter there are differences between them and their agendas. The theories adress how the articles depict AI where agenda-setting theory adresses genres and topics while framing theory shows how they are framed. Previous research shows that the subject needs to be further investigated as AI is an innovation that is constantly evolving. What previous research also clearly demonstrates is that AI is highlighted from a threatening perspective in other countries, which increased the importance of examining how it is portrayed in Swedish news media. The result shows that the Swedish newspapers differ from each other in their agendas and how they frame AI while som similarities are found primarily between Aftonbladet and Svenska Dagbladet, while Dagens Industri differs from the rest.

<p>Härtill 5 uppsatser.</p> / digitalisering@umu

Master thesis "Reporting across the Hemispheres: Conceptual Comparison of the Most Viewed Newscasts in the Czech Republic and New Zealand" describes contemporary valid and frequently used concepts of television news shows of the most viewed newscasts in the Czech Republic and New Zealand, which are Televizní noviny airing on TV Nova and One News airing on TV One. It compares both technical and especially the content-related aspects of newscasts during a one-month-long period (January 2014) in order to find general scheme for the choice of the topics, their processing, arrangement and their final presentation in each show. The thesis then puts ascertained findings into the broader national, historical and cultural context of the media sphere in both countries and furthermore, it compares both media systems and their newscast contents and explains why some factors used in them are the same and other differs.

Master's thesis Photographs of Presidential Candidates in Czech Newspapers ahead of Elections of 2013 compares the visual coverage of nine presidential candidates in the photographs published in three national broadsheet newspapers Lidové noviny, Právo and Hospodářské noviny during the period of four weeks before the first Czech direct presidential elections in January 2013. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes literature probing the visual framing of politics and the influence of photographic images in media on audiences and their decisions in elections. The quantitative content analysis compares the number of each candidate's pictures in the Czech press in order to determine whether the visual coverage was balanced or not and whether this could have affected the election results. It also verifies the hypothesis that newspapers tend to publish more pictures of the candidates with similar political orientation. Besides that, the thesis also compares how each of the journals uses photography illustration by examining the size, placement, type, caption length and authorship of the pictures.

The diploma thesis "The Picture of Brazil in Czech Media" focuses on finding out and defining of how the Czech media reprezented by four national dailies Hospodářské noviny, Lidové noviny, Mladá fronta DNES and Právo inform about Brazil. The researched sample are texts about Brazil that the four dailies have published during the year 2011. All 1635 texts that were published in this year were subjected to content analysis. By using quantitative content analysis, this thesis identifies the frequency of the publishing of texts about Brazil, their topical focus, lenght or placement within the newspaper. Other researched phenomena are sources, division according to genre, news and commentary or hard news and soft news. The character and number of texts focusing on both countries testifies to the possible closeness of Brazil and the Czech Republic. The thesis places special focus on the evaluation of Brazil in individual texts. The qualitative analysis mainly researches the possible elements of stereotyping in the language of Czech media. The results of these analyses are ilustrated further by the results of a questionnaire research. Comparison of the answers of respondents in the questionnaire and the results of the analyses testifies to whether the way the public perceives Brazil is the same or...

The thesis titled La República Checa: media image is focused on the quantitative analysis of media representations of the Czech Republic and its actors in Spanish newspapers El País and La Vanguardia in the period of 2011 and 2012. The main goal of this work is to determine how the media image of the Czech Republic is presented in this newspapers and how was constructed. Through the quantitative analysis based on the theoretical background determines the media space provided to the news about the Czech Republic by the Spanish newspapers, the topics in which was the media image of the Czech Republic displayed, and the measure of news values and news sources related to the Czech Republic. The basic assumption is a presence of the media routines which influence the media image. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The diploma thesis Media and Politics - Political Parties in Selected Czech Newspapers in the Period Before the Elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of Czech Republic in 2013 compares the representation of selected Czech political parties in the content of Czech national serious daily newspapers through quantitative content analysis of news in dailies Hospodářské noviny, Mladá fronta Dnes, Lidové noviny a Právo. The thesis explores the space which was given to individual political parties in studied newspapers, how often they were mentioned in the news, whether the approach of the parties in the news were balanced, and if the parties were neutrally presented in each daily news. The main aim of this thesis is to determine whether the Czech press is showing signs of political parallelism and whether it is objektive to political parties. The theoretical framework of the thesis is the theory of political parallelism as percieved by Daniel C. Hallin and Paolo Mancini and objectivity of the media as percieved by Jörgen Westerståhl. The research draws on the foreign literature and also draws from research in this area that in the past took place abroad.

Thesis Media Image of the Government in 2012 is studying how media informed about the political issues within the researched period. Quantitative content analysis through daily newspapers Právo and Lidové noviny in 2012 was used. Theoretical part of the study is focused on the role of media in news reporting, news creation and influences that goes from media organizations and journalist's job. Corresponding theoretical concepts such as news values, accessibility of media, political communication, framing, agenda setting and journalist routines are mentioned. Practical part takes from various foreign research papers that deal with the similar topic. The goal of quantitative content analysis is to gain information on how media portrayed the government in 2012. It also looks at which sources were used and what topics were discussed.