This dissertation was to study computational theory and methods for ?nding multiple saddle critical points in Banach spaces. Two local minimax methods were developed for this purpose. One was for unconstrained cases and the other was for constrained cases. First, two local minmax characterization of saddle critical points in Banach spaces were established. Based on these two local minmax characterizations, two local minimax algorithms were designed. Their ?ow charts were presented. Then convergence analysis of the algorithms were carried out. Under certain assumptions, a subsequence convergence and a point-to-set convergence were obtained. Furthermore, a relation between the convergence rates of the functional value sequence and corresponding gradient sequence was derived. Techniques to implement the algorithms were discussed. In numerical experiments, those techniques have been successfully implemented to solve for multiple solutions of several quasilinear elliptic boundary value problems and multiple eigenpairs of the well known nonlinear p-Laplacian operator. Numerical solutions were presented by their pro?les for visualization. Several interesting phenomena of the solutions of quasilinear elliptic boundary value problems and the eigenpairs of the p-Laplacian operator have been observed and are open for further investigation. As a generalization of the above results, nonsmooth critical points were considered for locally Lipschitz continuous functionals. A local minmax characterization of nonsmooth saddle critical points was also established. To establish its version in Banach spaces, a new notion, pseudo-generalized-gradient has to be introduced. Based on the characterization, a local minimax algorithm for ?nding multiple nonsmooth saddle critical points was proposed for further study.

This dissertation was to study computational theory and methods for ?nding multiple saddle critical points in Banach spaces. Two local minimax methods were developed for this purpose. One was for unconstrained cases and the other was for constrained cases. First, two local minmax characterization of saddle critical points in Banach spaces were established. Based on these two local minmax characterizations, two local minimax algorithms were designed. Their ?ow charts were presented. Then convergence analysis of the algorithms were carried out. Under certain assumptions, a subsequence convergence and a point-to-set convergence were obtained. Furthermore, a relation between the convergence rates of the functional value sequence and corresponding gradient sequence was derived. Techniques to implement the algorithms were discussed. In numerical experiments, those techniques have been successfully implemented to solve for multiple solutions of several quasilinear elliptic boundary value problems and multiple eigenpairs of the well known nonlinear p-Laplacian operator. Numerical solutions were presented by their pro?les for visualization. Several interesting phenomena of the solutions of quasilinear elliptic boundary value problems and the eigenpairs of the p-Laplacian operator have been observed and are open for further investigation. As a generalization of the above results, nonsmooth critical points were considered for locally Lipschitz continuous functionals. A local minmax characterization of nonsmooth saddle critical points was also established. To establish its version in Banach spaces, a new notion, pseudo-generalized-gradient has to be introduced. Based on the characterization, a local minimax algorithm for ?nding multiple nonsmooth saddle critical points was proposed for further study.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-05T14:07:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ MARCOS DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2012..pdf: 869095 bytes, checksum: b580f1ec1613b2f42c95d75332734a17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T14:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ MARCOS DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2012..pdf: 869095 bytes, checksum: b580f1ec1613b2f42c95d75332734a17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09 / Capes / Neste trabalho, iremos mostrar a existência de soluções para uma equação de Schrödinger quasilinear. Usaremos o método de Nehari e, minimizando o funcional energia, encontraremos soluções positivas e soluções nodais (que mudam de sinal) para este problema. Provaremos ainda a existência de soluções positivas via Passo da Montanha, com diferentes hipóteses sobre o potencial. / In this paper, we show the existence of solutions for a quasilinear Schrödinger equation. We will use Nehari Method and, minimizing the energy functional, we will find positive and nodal solutions (sign changing) to this problem. We prove also existence of positive solutions via the Mountain Pass Theorem, with different hypotheses on the potencial.

Submitted by Letícia dos Santos Silva null (leticiadstos@gmail.com) on 2018-03-04T13:10:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 leticia_dissertacao.pdf: 941545 bytes, checksum: 75b9baf79f051810ab82bd9bb946dd83 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Claudia Adriana Spindola null (claudia@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-03-05T11:45:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ls_me_prud.pdf: 941545 bytes, checksum: 75b9baf79f051810ab82bd9bb946dd83 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-05T11:45:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ls_me_prud.pdf: 941545 bytes, checksum: 75b9baf79f051810ab82bd9bb946dd83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho mostra-se a existência de solução de variação limitada para um problema envolvendo o operador 1− Laplaciano em um domínio exterior com condição de fronteira de Dirichlet. Para isso, será usada uma versão do Teorema do Passo da Montanha adequada a funcionais localmente lipschitzianos. As dificuldades na implementação de métodos variacionais no espaço das funções de variação limitada são múltiplas, entre elas, a falta de reflexividade, dificuldade de se usar condições de compacidade como a de Palais-Smale e ainda a falta de regularidade do funcional energia. / In this work we prove existence of bounded variation solution for a problem involving the 1-Laplacian operator in an exterior domain with Dirichlet boundary condition. For this, a version of the Mountain Pass Theorem to locally Lipschitz functionals is used. There are many difficulties in implementing variational methods in the space of limited variation functions, among them, lack of reflexivity, difficulty in using compactness conditions such as Palais-Smale and the lack of regularity of the functional energy.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6098546 bytes, checksum: f3f577101600c726f33d527b14f716e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work, we will use the Mountain Pass Theorem for an even Functional, Genus Theory, Ekeland's variational principle and some properties involving Nehari manifolds to obtain existence and multiplicity of solutions for the following class of quasilinear problems involving variable exponents 8<: p(x)u + jujp(x)2u = f(x; u); x 2 u 2 W1;p(x) 0 ( ) n f0g where is a bounded domain in RN, not necessarily bounded, p(x) is the p(x)-Laplacian operator given by p(x)u = divjrujp(x)2ru; p: ! R and f : R ! R are continuous functions satisfying certain conditions, which will specified be later on. / Neste trabalho, usaremos o Teorema do Passo da Montanha para Funcionais Pares, Teoria do Gênero, Princípio Variacional de Ekeland e algumas propriedades envolvendo Variedades de Nehari para obtermos existência e multiplicidade de soluções para a seguinte classe de problemas quasilineares envolvendo expoentes variáveis 8<: p(x)u + jujp(x)2u = f(x; u); x 2 u 2 W1;p(x) 0 ( ) n f0g onde é um domínio em RN, não necessariamente limitado, p(x) é o operador p(x)-Laplaciano dado por p(x)u = divjrujp(x)2ru; p: ! R e f : R ! R são funções contínuas satisfazendo certas condições a serem apresentadas ao longo do trabalho.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 552096 bytes, checksum: 3c146d673e17bf5ffda76282ad07c24d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this dissertation, we study existence of both one-sign and nodal positive solutions (with exactly two nodal domains) for a class of quasilinear Schrödinger equations, which model physic phenomena, for example, in plasma physics. To obtain the results, it was used, mainly, the Nehari method, as well as, regularity theory of elliptic and Concentration-Compactness Principle. / Nesta dissertação, estudamos a existência de soluções positivas e mudando de sinal (tendo exatamente dois domínios nodais) para uma classe de equações de Schrödinger quase lineares, as quais modelam fenômenos físicos, por exemplo, em Física dos Plasmas. Na obtenção dos resultados, foi usado, principalmente, o método de Nehari, bem como teoria de regularidade elíptica e o Princípio de Concentração-Compacidade de P. L. Lions.

Les systèmes hyperboliques interviennent dans de nombreuses branches des sciences : théorie cinétique, mécanique des fluides non visqueux, magnéto hydrodynamique, dynamique des gaz non visqueux, trafic routier, flux d’une rivière ou d’un glacier, processus de sédimentation, processus d’échanges chimiques, etc. Et souvent, les systèmes qui régissent ces évènements font intervenir des petits paramètres, dont l’étude asymptotique permet d’envisager des simplifications mathématiques et/ou informatiques notoires. L’existence locale et l’existence globale de solutions, uniformément par rapport à ces paramètres, sont des questions fondamentales. Cette thèse regroupe à la fois des résultats généraux sur l’existence locale uniforme de solutions pour des systèmes hyperboliques quasi-linéaires du premier ordre ; et sur l’existence globale uniforme de solutions autour d’un équilibre constant pour ces mêmes systèmes. Le cas du système d’Euler-Maxwell ne satisfaisant pas les conditions requises pour l’existence uniforme globale, nous le traitons à part. / Hyperbolic systems arise in a large field of sciences : kinetic theory, inviscid reactive flow, magnetohydrodynamics, inviscid gas dynamics, traffic flow, river or glacier flow, sedimentation processes, chemical exchange processes, etc. In these kind of systems, small paramaters often appear, and an asymptotic study may lead to mathematical or computational simplifications. One fundamental problem that we may work on is local and global existence of solutions for these systems, uniformly with respect to these parameters. This Ph.D. thesis includes, on one hand, general results on uniform local existence of solutions for first order quasi-linear hyperbolic systems ; and on the other hand, results on uniform global existence of solutions near constant equilibriums for these same systems. In the case of Euler-Maxwell systems, required conditions are not fulfilled for uniform global existence, then we treat it separately.

We approximate the solution of a quasilinear stochastic partial differential equa- tion driven by fractional Brownian motion B_H(t); H in (0,1), which was calculated via fractional White Noise calculus, see [5].

The future fusion power plants that are based on magnetic confinement will deal with plasmas that inevitably contain energetic (non-thermal) particles. These particles come, for instance, from fusion reactions or from external heating of the plasma. Ensembles of energetic ions can excite eigenmodes in the Alfvén frequency range to such an extent that the resulting wave fields redistribute the energetic ions, and potentially eject them from the plasma. The redistribution of ions may cause a substantial reduction of heating efficiency. Understanding the dynamics of such instabilities is necessary to optimise the operation of fusion experiments and of future fusion power plants. Two models have been developed to simulate the interaction between energetic ions and Alfvén eigenmodes. One is a bump-on-tail model, of which two versions have been developed: one fully nonlinear and one quasilinear. The quasilinear version has a lower dimensionality of particle phase space than the nonlinear one. Unlike previous similar studies, the bump-on-tail model contains a decorrelation of the wave-particle phase in order to model stochasticity of the system. When the characteristic time scale for macroscopic phase decorrelation is similar to or shorter than the time scale of nonlinear wave-particle dynamics, the nonlinear and the quasilinear descriptions quantitatively agree. A finite phase decorrelation changes the growth rate and the saturation amplitude of the wave mode in systems with an inverted energy distribution around the wave-particle resonance. Analytical expressions for the correction of the growth rate and the saturation amplitude have been derived, which agree well with numerical simulations. A relatively weak phase decorrelation also diminishes frequency chirping events of the eigenmode. The second model is called FOXTAIL, and it has a wider regime of validity than the bump-on-tail model. FOXTAIL is able to simulate systems with multiple eigenmodes, and it includes effects of different individual particle orbits relative to the wave fields. Simulations with FOXTAIL and the nonlinear bump-on-tail model have been compared in order to determine the regimes of validity of the bump-on-tail model quantitatively. Studies of two-mode scenarios confirmed the expected consequences of a fulfillment of the Chirikov criterion for resonance overlap. The influence of ICRH on the eigenmode-energetic ion system has also been studied, showing qualitatively similar effects as seen by the presence of phase decorrelation. Another model, describing the efficiency of fast wave current drive, has been developed in order to study the influence of passive components close to the antenna, in which currents can be induced by the antenna generated wave field. It was found that the directivity of the launched wave, averaged over model parameters, was lowered by the presence of passive components in general, except for low values of the single pass damping of the wave, where the directivity was slightly increased, but reversed in the toroidal direction. / De framtida fusionskraftverken baserade på magnetisk inneslutning kommer att hantera plasmor som oundvikligen innehåller energetiska (icke-termiska) partiklar. Dessa partiklar kommer exempelvis från fusionsreaktioner eller från externa uppvärmningsmekanismer av plasmat. Ensembler av energetiska joner kan excitera egenmoder i Alfvén-frekvensområdet i en sådan utsträckning att de resulterande vågfälten omfördelar de energetiska jonerna i rummet, och potentiellt slungar ut jonerna ur plasmat. Omfördelningen av joner kan orsaka en väsentligen minskad uppvärmningseffekt. Det är nödvändigt att förstå dynamiken hos denna typ av instabilitet för att kunna optimera verkningsgraden hos experiment och hos framtida fusionskraftverk. Två modeller har utvecklats för att simulera interaktionen mellan energetiska joner och Alfvén-egenmoder. Den första är en bump-on-tail-modell, av vilken två versioner har utvecklats: en fullt icke-linjär och en kvasi-linjär. I den kvasi-linjära versionen har partiklarnas fasrum en lägre dimensionalitet än i den icke-linjära versionen. Till skillnad från tidigare liknande studier innehåller denna bump-on-tail-modell en dekorrelation av våg-partikelfasen för att modellera stokasticitet hos systemet. När den karakteristiska tidsskalan för makroskopisk fasdekorrelation är ungefär samma som eller kortare än tidsskalan för icke-linjär våg-partikeldynamik så stämmer den icke-linjära och den kvasi-linjära beskrivningen överens kvantitativt. En ändlig fasdekorrelation förändrar vågmodens tillväxthastighet och satureringsamplitud i system med en inverterad energifördelning omkring våg-partikelresonansen. Analytiska uttryck för korrektionen av tillväxthastigheten och satureringsamplituden har härletts, vilka stämmer väl överens med numeriska simuleringar. En relativt svag fasdekorrelation försvagar även "frequency chirping events" (snabba frekvensskiftningar i korttids-Fourier-transformen av egenmodens amplitudutveckling) hos egenmoden. Den andra modellen, kallad FOXTAIL, har ett mycket bredare giltighetsområde än bump-on-tail-modellen. FOXTAIL kan simulera system med flera egenmoder, och den inkluderar effekter av olika enskilda partikelbanor relativt vågfälten. Simuleringar med FOXTAIL och med bump-on-tail-modellen har jämförts för att kvantitativt bestämma bump-on-tail-modellens giltighetsområde. Studier av scenarier med två egenmoder bekräftar de förväntade effekterna av när Chirikov-kriteriet för resonansöverlapp uppfylls. Även inflytandet av ICRH på dynamiken mellan egenmoder och energetiska joner har studerats, vilket har visat kvalitativt liknande effekter som har observerats i närvaron av fasdekorrelation. En annan modell, vilken beskriver effektiviteten hos "fast wave current drive" (strömdrivning med snabba magnetosoniska vågor), har utvecklats för att studera inflytandet av passiva komponenter nära antennen, i vilka strömmar kan induceras av vågfälten som genereras av antennen. Det visades att den utskickade vågens direktivitet, medelvärdesbildat över modellparametrar, generellt sett minskade vid närvaron av passiva komponenter, förutom vid låg "sinlge pass damping" (dämpning av vågen vid propagering genom hela plasmat), då direktiviteten istället ökade något, men bytte tecken i toroidal riktning. / <p>QC 20160927</p>

Neste trabalho, mostramos a existência e multiplicidade de soluções para a seguinte classe de equações elípticas quasilineares { - \'DELTA IND. \'NÜ\' POT. \'upsilon\' + \'|\'upsilon\'| POT. \'NÜ\' - 2 \'upsilon\' = f(x, u), \'upsilon\' \'DIFERENTE\' 0, \'upsilon\' \'PERTENCE A >>: Nu + jujN2 u = f(x; u); x 2 ; u 6= 0; u 2 W1;N( ); onde e um domnio em RN, N 2, N e o operador N-Laplaciano e f e uma func~ao que possui um crescimento crtico exponencial. Para obter nossos resultados utilizamos o Princpio Variacional de Ekeland, Teorema do Passo da Montanha, Categoria de Lusternik- Schnirelman, Ac~ao de Grupo e tecnicas baseadas na Teoria do G^enero. Palavras chaves: Problemas elpticos quasilineares, Metodo Variacional, N-Laplaciano, crescimento crtico exponencial, Princpio Variacional de Ekeland, Categoria de Lusternik- Schnirelman, Desigualdade de Trudinger-Moser / In this work, we show the existence and multiplicity of solutions for the following class of quasilinear elliptic equations { - \'DELTA\' IND. \'NÜ\' \'upsilon\'\' + |\'upsilon\'| POT. \'NÜ\' - 2 = f(x, \'upsilon\'), x \"IT BELONGS\' \'OMEGA\', \'upsilon\' \'DIFFERENT\' 0, \'upsilon\' \'IT BELONGS\' W POT. 1, \'NÜ\' ( OMEGA), where \'OMEGA\' is a domain in \' R POT. \'NÜ\' > OR = 2, \'DELTA\' IND. \'NÜ\' is the N-Laplacian operator and f is a function with exponential critical growth. To obtain our results we utilize the Ekeland Variational Principle, the Mountain Pass Theorem, Lusternik-Schnirelman of Category, Group Action and techniques based on Genus Theory