Aim: Our goal with this study was to see the well-being index among adolescents in Kathmandu, Nepal. But also to investigate the factors that contribute to well-being and what the adolescents believe is the most important thing.  Method: The method used in this study was a questionnaire, it included eight questions with 44 adolescents participating. Group interviews were used by help with mindmap, groups of  3-4 adolescents to investigate their perspective of well-being used. We chose to do both because we wanted the results of the index and the adolescents thoughts about well-being to emerge.  Results: The results from the questionnaire showed that 34,1 percent among the adolescents have 80-90% well-being according to the PWI scale we applied. According to the adolescents’ own estimated level of well-being, about 68 percent of them have good well-being and 30 percent of them have a really good well-being. However the PWI scale shows that only 9 percent have a really good well-being. The results of the group interviews showed the most important thing for well-being according to the adolescents are satisfaction, quality of life, happiness, love (friends, family, relationship), education, health and social service.

In this research project, that was carried out in Iceland, an attempt is made to construct and develop a questionnaire administrators can use as a “device” to shed light on and evaluate certain aspects of the administration in their school. The research is based upon a quantitative method that was chosen in order to secure a maximally objective approach of those who carry out the evaluation. The enactment of the Compulsory School Act from 1995 significantly increased the independence of principals. Likewise, the wage agreements 2001-2004 and 2004-2007 extended the scope of administration within the schools. The Act granted principals the warranty and opportunity to enhance the uptrend in school activity. This thesis is part of that uptrend. Theories and concepts put forth and developed by Bert Stålhammar and Tomas J. Sergiovanni concerning the role of the principal were a point of reference in the choice of questions in the questionnaire. Four schools were chosen to participate in the research. All the principals answered the questionnaire, one female and three males. The total number of respondents among the teachers of the four schools was 103. The methodology used to verify the reliability of the questionnaire is a statistically reliable measure and an effective instrument to gather extensive information and with the aid of statistics and a good software program it is easy to present it in an explicit manner. The information contained in this thesis may be used in various ways, e.g. the direct statistical findings of the questions and the comparison of the findings for teachers and the principal (frequency tables, cf. the report of the schools). But it may also be viewed as a manual for those who intend to pose this questionnaire in their school or another comparable one and how the findings of such a questionnaire should be read and interpreted. Principals of other schools do not need to carry out the factor analysis but can utilize the findings of this survey, i.e. the 25 questions that came under the five factors (F1-Interaction with the principal, F2-The policy regarding teaching and pedagogy, F3-Collaboration and flow of information, F4-Praise to teachers and pupils and F5-Teachers’ professionalism).

Summary Bronchial asthma (BA) is considered to be the disease of civilization. Life conditions of the people improve and liability to alergies becomes more intensive. Air polution determines, that asthma spreads fastly in all the world and has become a world problem of health. Asthma has exacerbated quality of life of many asthmatic people: it causes discomfort, psychological tension. Financial losses are much easier beared by a patient than social barrier, however, poor financial situation influences deeply the quality life of the asthmatic people. The goal of this work: to estimate the quality of life of asthmatic people. The following tasks have been set up in achieving this goal: 1. To evaluate the quality of life of astmatic people using SGPQ. 2. To evaluate the influence of BA to patient’s quality of life; 3. To define training impact of BA to quality of life. Investigations have been carried out using SGPQ. 100 patients - asthmatic people have been interviewed according to unanimous questionnarie for no less than one year. Totally the interview have passed 53 men and 47 women, i.e. 53 percentage of men and 47 percentage of women of totally interviewed. Age census of both gender groups was from 18 till 75 years old. Accordingly, the average age of the investigated group was 49,8. Hence, while evaluating harm character of QL, the patients pointed, that the following symptoms mostly disorganize their quality of life (defined calculated interval –... [to full text]

Abstrakt  Introduktion: Covid-19 pandemin påverkade många människors aktivitetsmönster, befintliga vanor och levnadssätt, däribland studenter som fick studera befintliga campusförlagda utbildningar på distans. Restriktioner medförde att studenter besökte färre platser och ägnade mindre tid åt sociala aktiviteter och fysiska aktiviteter. Samtidigt ägnades mer tid åt stillasittande aktiviteter, mediekonsumtion och vila. Studier visar att studenter under pandemin upplevde minskad livskvalitet, ökade stressnivåer och sämre psykisk hälsa. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva studenters upplevelse av aktivitetsbalans i relation till upplevd hälsa efter covid-19 pandemin. Metod: Studien använde en kvantitativ metod, enkätundersökning med 38 deltagare som rekryterades genom ett bekvämlighetsurval. Enkäten bestod av instrumenten the Occupational Balance Questionnarie (OBQ) och the Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS) samt egenkonstruerade frågor. Insamlad data analyserades genom en icke-parametrisk metod. Resultat: Resultatet visar att studenterna upplevde relativt god hälsa, men att aktivitetsbalansen skattades lägre efter pandemin. Positiva samband med högre nivåer av aktivitetsbalans och salutogen hälsa återfanns i stöd från studiekamrater och campusbaserade studier. Studenter som bodde tillsammans med någon skattade högre nivåer av aktivitetsbalans och hälsa, jämfört med ensamboende.  Slutsats: Pandemin har påverkat studenternas aktivitetsbalans och hälsa. Studien fann samband mellan aktivitetsbalans och hälsa i förhållande till studieform, boendeform och upplevt stöd från klasskamrater. / Abstract  Introduction: The covid-19 pandemic affected people’s occupational patterns, habits, and lifestyles, including students who had to study existing campus-based studies online. Restrictions meant that students visited fewer places and spent less time on social and physical activity. More time was spent on sedentary activities, media consumption and rest. Studies have shown that students experienced a reduced quality of life, increased stress levels and poorer mental health during the pandemic.  Aim: The aim of the study was to describe students’ experience of occupational balance in relation to perceived health after the covid-19 pandemic. Method: A quantitative and a non-parametric method was used. 38 participants were included. The questionnaire consisted of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire and The Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale, as well as self-constructed questions.  Results: Students experienced relatively good health, but the occupational balance was possibly lower. Positive associations with higher levels of occupational balance and salutogenic health were found in support from classmates, campus-based studies and living together. Conclusions: Students' occupational balance and health was possibly affected after the pandemic. The study found relationships between occupational balance and health in relation to education form, living situation and their sense of support from classmates.

<p>Abstract</p><p>The purpose with this paper is to describe focus in the school subject swedish through a historic perspective. The purpose is also to intestigate how a group of pupils in the last grade in upper (senior) level of compulsory school and teachers with the subject swedish thinks about the subject, what is the most meaningful to pupils in the last grade in upper level of compulsory school.</p><p>The history of the Swedish school system from the 15 th century till today and the entrance of Swedich as a subject in school has been studied by literature and curriculum. With help from Mr Lars-Göran Malmgrens analysis of different swedish subjects the curriculums analyses to see which subject who appear.</p><p>Pupils from the last grade in upper level of compulsory school and their teachers in the the subject swedish have answered questions in two different questionnaires regarding what is most meaningful with the subject. The result are to be present in this paper as diagram and also in ordinary text.</p><p>The conclusion is that the subject swedish has changed from functionalism to formalism and then turned to a more literary education and finally towards functionalism again. The results from the questionnaire papers show that the pupils put most value in learning different skills while the teachers see the importance of both skills and developing the personality.</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Syftet med detta arbete är att redogöra för fokus i svenskämnet ur ett historiskt perspektiv. Syftet är också att undersöka vad en grupp svensklärare och elever i dagsläget tänker om svenskämnet då det gäller vad som är mest meningsfullt för elever i år 9.</p><p>Via litteraturstudier och studier av undervisningsplaner och läroplaner beskrivs skolväsendets historia från 1600-talet fram till nutid och svenskämnets inträde i skolan. Med hjälp av Lars-Göran Malmgrens ämneskonceptioner analyseras de olika undervisningsplanerna och läroplanerna för att se vilket svenskämne det är som framträder.</p><p>Två enkätundersökningar har genomförts där elever i år 9 och svensklärare har svarat på frågor kring det meningsfulla i svenskämnet. Svaren redovisas dels i diagramform och dels i löpande text.</p><p>Slutsatser som har dragits är att svenskämnet har gått från en mer funktionalistisk ämneskonception till en formalistisk ämneskonception, för att sedan fokusera mer mot ämneskonceptionen litteraturhistoriskt bildningsämne, och återigen gå mot det funktionalistiska hållet. Enkätundersökningen visar att elever i år 9 lägger störst vikt vid färdigheter medan svensklärare både lägger vikt vid färdigheter och ett personlighetsutvecklande arbete.</p>

Personer med en neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning kan ha olika svårigheter som påverkar de dagliga aktiviteterna i vardagen. Aktivitetsbalans är ett begrepp som ofta används inom arbetsterapi och beskriver en individs uppfattning av att ha en tillfredsställande mängd av aktiviteter och rätt variation mellan olika aktiviteter. Det förekommer inga studier om aktivitetsbalans kopplat till personer med en neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning vad författarna har noterat. Syftet med examensarbetet var att beskriva den självskattade aktivitetsbalansen hos vuxna personer med en neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning. Den metod som användes var en kvantitativ icke – experimentell tvärsnittsstudie. Totalt deltog 55 personer i åldrarna 18-65 år. Rekryteringen skedde via bekvämlighetsurval. Data insamlades med hjälp av en enkät som innehöll instrumentet Occupational Balance Questionnarie (OBQ) samt några bakgrundsvariabler. För sammanställning av insamlad data har deskriptiv och använts. Resultatet visade att respondenterna skattade sin aktivitetsbalans lågt. Det förekom ingen signifikant skillnad i aktivitetsbalansen i förhållande till bakgrundsvariablerna kön, ålder, boendesituation, hemmaboende barn eller lönearbete. Resultatet visar att det finns ett ökat behov av arbetsterapi för att hjälpa personer med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar att strukturera sin vardag. Då resultaten inte kan generaliseras till en större population, rekommenderar författarna ytterligare forskning kring aktivitetsbalans hos vuxna personer med en neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning. / Persons with neuropsychiatric disabilities can experience difficulties that can have significant impact on the activities of daily life. Occupational balance is a frequently used concept in occupational therapy, describing an individual’s perception of having the satisfactory amount of occupation and the right variation between occupations. There are currently no studies addressing the occupational balance rates in adults with neuropsychiatric disabilities. The aim of this study was to describe the self-reported occupational balance in adults with neuropsychiatric disabilities. This quantitative non- experimental cross-sectional study comprised a convenience sampling of 55 participants (age range 18-65 years). Data were collected from a self-rating questionnaire that contained the instrument Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ) and some background variables. Descriptive statistics were used to compile the results. The results show that the participants rated their activity balance as low. Moreover no significant difference was found in the occupational balance when normalized to: gender, age, housing, child dependency and employment. These results imply that an increased utilization of occupational therapy might be beneficial for people with neuropsychiatric disabilities. The authors conclude that further research is required to more fully evaluate the rate of occupational balance in adults with a neuropsychiatric disability.

Abstract The purpose with this paper is to describe focus in the school subject swedish through a historic perspective. The purpose is also to intestigate how a group of pupils in the last grade in upper (senior) level of compulsory school and teachers with the subject swedish thinks about the subject, what is the most meaningful to pupils in the last grade in upper level of compulsory school. The history of the Swedish school system from the 15 th century till today and the entrance of Swedich as a subject in school has been studied by literature and curriculum. With help from Mr Lars-Göran Malmgrens analysis of different swedish subjects the curriculums analyses to see which subject who appear. Pupils from the last grade in upper level of compulsory school and their teachers in the the subject swedish have answered questions in two different questionnaires regarding what is most meaningful with the subject. The result are to be present in this paper as diagram and also in ordinary text. The conclusion is that the subject swedish has changed from functionalism to formalism and then turned to a more literary education and finally towards functionalism again. The results from the questionnaire papers show that the pupils put most value in learning different skills while the teachers see the importance of both skills and developing the personality. / Sammanfattning Syftet med detta arbete är att redogöra för fokus i svenskämnet ur ett historiskt perspektiv. Syftet är också att undersöka vad en grupp svensklärare och elever i dagsläget tänker om svenskämnet då det gäller vad som är mest meningsfullt för elever i år 9. Via litteraturstudier och studier av undervisningsplaner och läroplaner beskrivs skolväsendets historia från 1600-talet fram till nutid och svenskämnets inträde i skolan. Med hjälp av Lars-Göran Malmgrens ämneskonceptioner analyseras de olika undervisningsplanerna och läroplanerna för att se vilket svenskämne det är som framträder. Två enkätundersökningar har genomförts där elever i år 9 och svensklärare har svarat på frågor kring det meningsfulla i svenskämnet. Svaren redovisas dels i diagramform och dels i löpande text. Slutsatser som har dragits är att svenskämnet har gått från en mer funktionalistisk ämneskonception till en formalistisk ämneskonception, för att sedan fokusera mer mot ämneskonceptionen litteraturhistoriskt bildningsämne, och återigen gå mot det funktionalistiska hållet. Enkätundersökningen visar att elever i år 9 lägger störst vikt vid färdigheter medan svensklärare både lägger vikt vid färdigheter och ett personlighetsutvecklande arbete.