A ventosa de trÃplice funÃÃo atua na admissÃo e/ou expulsÃo de ar contido na tubulaÃÃo, protegendo tubulaÃÃo e equipamentos contra os efeitos decorrentes do acÃmulo de ar e golpe de arÃete. AtravÃs do orifÃcio cinÃtico, ela admite grande quantidade de ar quando a pressÃo no interior da tubulaÃÃo torna-se inferior à atmosfÃrica, e expulsa ar apÃs a separaÃÃo da coluna a uma pressÃo superior à atmosfÃrica. Na regiÃo de admissÃo de ar, a ventosa com orifÃcio âNon Slamâ admite grande volume de ar atravÃs do orifÃcio cinÃtico, e inicia a expulsÃo de ar, atravÃs do mesmo orifÃcio. A partir de um determinado valor de pressÃo positiva, o orifÃcio cinÃtico à fechado e abre-se um orifÃcio de menor diÃmetro, chamado de orifÃcio de "Non Slam", amortecendo, assim, o choque das colunas lÃquidas que estavam separadas. Neste trabalho, propÃe-se uma metodologia para o cÃlculo dos coeficientes de admissÃo e expulsÃo de ar no regime transiente a partir das curvas disponibilizadas pelos fabricantes. O trabalho visa minimizar a falta de informaÃÃes experimentais sobre as ventosas com base nas curvas dos fabricantes para a determinaÃÃo dos coeficientes de admissÃo e expulsÃo de ar. Nesse estudo nÃs comparamos o efeito de se usar um Ãnico coeficiente de descarga de ar para entrada e outro Ãnico para a saÃda de ar versus considerar a variaÃÃo desses coeficientes de descarga à medida que as pressÃes variam. O programa computacional UFC7, escrito em Java, implementa o transiente hidrÃulico com suas condiÃÃes de contorno. / sucker triple function acts on admission and / or expulsion of air in the pipe, protecting piping and equipment against the effects of air and accumulation water hammer. Through kinetic hole, she admits lot of air when the pressure inside the pipe becomes lower than atmospheric, and expels air after separation column at a superatmospheric pressure. The inlet region air, the suction orifice "Non slam" admits large volume of air through the orifice Kinetic and starts expelling air through the same hole. From a certain Positive pressure value, the kinetic orifice is closed and opens a lower orifice diameter hole called "Non slam", cushioning, thus, the shock of columns they were separated liquid. In this paper, we propose a methodology for calculating the admission rates and expulsion of air in transient from the curves provided by the manufacturers. The work aims to minimize the lack of information Experimental suction cups on the basis of the curves for the determination of makers the admission rates and expulsion of air. In this study we compared the effect of using a single air discharge coefficient for input and another for output only Air versus consider the variation of these coefficients discharge pressures as range. The UFC7 computer program written in Java, implements the transient Hydraulic with its boundary conditions

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-24T17:46:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Isabel Cristina Moresco.pdf: 778049 bytes, checksum: 0c5c3dc6a4ac6f42d2f9a40313cd38c6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-24T17:46:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Isabel Cristina Moresco.pdf: 778049 bytes, checksum: 0c5c3dc6a4ac6f42d2f9a40313cd38c6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-08 / In the last 20 years, with the emergence of multiresistant gram-negative bacteria, polymyxins, which had fallen into disuse due to their high toxicity, were once again used as an alternative for the treatment of these infections. This antibiotic group is active against most enterobacteria and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria, ocular, urinary tract, meninges, and bloodstream infections. The recommended dose of polymyxin B (PMB) in patients with normal renal function is 1.5 to 2.5 mg.kg-1.day-1 and the dose can be divided twice. For patients with impaired renal function, it is recommended to adjust the dose according to creatinine clearance. Because nephrotoxicity is the major limiting factor in the use of this class of antibiotics, a retrospective observational study was conducted to identify possible risk factors for the development of acute renal injury (ARF) in patients using the antibiotic PMB. The necessary information was collected to perform the study in medical records, medical prescriptions and results of laboratory tests from the patients who used PMB in a period of 5 years in a Brazilian hospital. Inclusion criteria for the study were: patients over 18 years of age who used intravenous PMB for more than 72 hours. To classify ARI levels, baseline creatinine was calculated by the average of the last five serum creatinine tests before the first dose of the antibiotic. This calculated value and the highest level of serum creatinine during treatment were used to identify and classify renal damage according to the criteria of the RIFLE (Risk, Injury and Failure and Loss and End-stage renal disease) filtration rate. The study included 120 patients, most of them male (89; 74.2%) with an average age of 50 years. The most frequent pre-existing comorbidities were systemic hypertension (50; 41.7%), diabetes mellitus (21; 17.5%), nephropathies (14; 11.7%) and obesity (13; 10.8%). The main infection was pneumonia (35.8%) and the most frequently identified infectious agent was Acinetobacter baumannii (67.9%). PMB treatments were performed for 13 days and the average daily dose was 191.5 mg. The high incidence of mortality in the studied population (46.7%) may be related to the critical clinical status of the patients, because at some point of hospitalization, 111 patients (92.5%) needed intensive care. In the population studied to evaluate risk factors, 12 patients (13.5%) presented risk, 22 (25.0%) injury, 30 (34.1%) renal failure, according to RIFLE criteria. In addition, in the group that patients developed ARF, 51.9% died, whereas in the group that did not present, only 12.5% died. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups that developed or not ARF, for the following variables: treatment time greater than 10 days, accumulated PMB dose, hypoalbuminemia and concomitant use of furosemide. However, the variables that remained in the final multivariate logistic regression model were treatment time greater than 10 days and hypoalbuminemia. Several factors inherent to the patient and the drug are related to ARF and strategies should be created in order to minimize these effects. The monitoring of renal function in all patients, especially those at risk, and the follow-up of the infection to reduce the time of treatment are highlighted. / Nos últimos 20 anos, com o surgimento de bactérias gram-negativas multirresistentes, as polimixinas, que tinham caído em desuso pela elevada toxicidade, voltaram a ser utilizadas como uma alternativa para tratamento dessas infecções. Esse grupo de antibiótico é ativo contra a maioria das enterobactérias e das bactérias gram-negativas não fermentadoras, em infecções oculares, do trato urinário, das meninges e da corrente sanguínea. A dose recomendada de polimixina B (PMB), em pacientes com função renal normal, é de 1,5 a 2,5 mg Kg-1 dia-1 e a dose pode ser dividida em duas vezes. Para os pacientes com alteração da função renal, recomenda-se ajustar a dose de acordo com a depuração de creatinina. Como a nefrotoxicidade é o maior limitante do uso dessa classe de antibióticos, um estudo observacional retrospectivo foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar os possíveis fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de injúria renal aguda (IRA) em pacientes que utilizaram o antibiótico PMB. Foram coletadas as informações necessárias para realizar o estudo em prontuários, prescrições médicas e resultados de exames laboratoriais dos pacientes que utilizaram PMB em um período de 5 anos em um hospital brasileiro. Os critérios de inclusão para o estudo foram: pacientes maiores de 18 anos que utilizaram PMB por via endovenosa por mais de 72 horas. Para classificar os níveis de IRA, a creatinina basal foi calculada pela média entre os cinco últimos exames de creatinina sérica antes da primeira dose do antibiótico. Esse valor calculado e o maior nível de creatinina sérica durante o tratamento foram usados para identificar e classificar o dano renal segundo os critérios da taxa de filtração glomerular de RIFLE (Risk, Injury and Failure and Loss, and End-stage renal disease). Foram inclusos no estudo 120 pacientes, a maioria do sexo masculino (89; 74,2%) com média de idade de 50 anos. As comorbidades pré-existentes presentes com maior frequência foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica (50; 41,7%), diabetes mellitus (21; 17,5%) nefropatias (14; 11,7%) e obesidade (13; 10,8%). A principal infecção tratada foi pneumonia (35,8%) e o agente infeccioso mais identificado foi o Acinetobacter baumannii (67,9%). Os tratamentos com a PMB foram realizados durante 13 dias e a dose média diária de 191,5 mg. A alta incidência de mortalidade da população estudada (46,7%) pode estar relacionada ao estado clínico crítico dos pacientes, pois, em algum momento do internamento, 111 pacientes (92,5%) precisaram de cuidados intensivos. Na população estudada para avaliar os fatores de risco, 12 pacientes (13,5%) apresentam risco, 22 (25,0%) injúria, 30 (34,1%) falência renal, segundo os critérios de RIFLE. Além disso, no grupo que os pacientes desenvolveram IRA, 51,9% foram a óbito, enquanto que no grupo que não apresentou foram apenas 12,5%. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos que desenvolveram, ou não, IRA, para as seguintes variáveis: tempo de tratamento superior a 10 dias, dose acumulada de PMB, hipoalbuminemia e uso concomitante de furosemida. Porém, as variáveis que permaneceram no modelo final de regressão logística multivariável foram o tempo de tratamento superior a 10 dias e a hipoalbuminemia. Vários fatores inerentes ao paciente e à droga estão relacionados à IRA e estratégias devem ser criadas com o intuito de minimizar esses efeitos. Destacam-se a monitorização da função renal em todos os pacientes, principalmente os de risco, e o acompanhamento da infecção para diminuir o tempo de tratamento.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:32:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_kaue_rodriguez_martins.pdf: 452926 bytes, checksum: ae46017afbe7b23ca7e1d34a015987fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-19 / There is a growing interest in using artificial insemination (AI) in sheep due to the potential for genetic improvement. However, cryopreservation damages spermatozoa, decreasing their fertilizing potential when frozen semen is deposited in the cervix. Sperm damages attributed to cryopreservation may be minimized by the addition of seminal plasma (SP), which contains several factors produced by the testis, epididhymis and accessory glands with potential to prevent premature capacitation. Supplementation of SP prior to freezing would be beneficial for various processes of periods of the selection and freezing process, reported before freezing would be beneficial for the processes of selection and freezing. The supplementation of extenders with SP from ram and boars is associated with increased sperm motility after incubation in vitro, as well as when used for cooling, freezing and thawing. The objectives of this study were to test the addition of 20% boar SP to the extender to freeze ram sperm and to evaluate parameters of sperm quality after thawing. Ejaculates from four rams and three boars were collected to form pooled SP samples. A fraction of each pooled sample was used for protein quantification. Six samples from four rams were collected and diluted in Tris-egg yolk - glycerol for freezing, forming three treatments: control (no SP); inclusion of 20% ram SP; and inclusion of 20% boar SP. After thawing, the samples were subjected to a thermal stress test for five hours. Sperm quality was assessed every two hours. Analyses by flow cytometry were done to evaluate the integrity of acrosome and membrane integrity. For the control, ram SP and boar SP treatments, the evaluated parameters of sperm quality were: motility (30.4 ± 2.0, 24.6 ± 2.0 and 30.0 ± 2.0, respectively); membrane integrity (37.5 ± 2.6; 40.9 ± 2.6 and 31.4 ± 2.6 respectively); mitochondrial functionality (70.0 ± 1.7; 61.8 ± 1.7 and 63.6 ± 1.7); and DNA integrity (91.2 ± 3.1; 96 5 ± 3.1 and 93.6 ± 3.1 respectively). For those parameters, no significant differences were observed across treataments (P > 0.05). However, addition of boar SP to the extenders was related to greater acrosome integrity (59, 3 ± 3.5) than that of the control (46.7 ± 3.5) (P < 0.05), although both means were similar (P > 0.05) to that observed for the treatment with ram SP (56.7 ± 3.5). Despite of the benefit on acrosome integrity related to addition of boar SP, no other positive effects were observed for post-thawing ram sperm viability. / O interesse pelo uso da inseminação artificial (IA) em ovinos vem crescendo, em função do avanço no melhoramento genético. Entretanto, a criopreservação causa danos aos espermatozóides, diminuindo seu potencial fertilizante, quando a IA é feita com sêmen congelado, pela via cervical. Uma alternativa para proteger ou recuperar a célula dos danos da criopreservação é a adição de plasma seminal (PS), que contém vários fatores produzidos pelos testículos, epidídimos e glândulas acessórias do macho, com potencial de prevenir a capacitação prematura e danos gerados pelo congelamento. A adição de PS antes do congelamento seria benéfica para os processos de seleção e congelamento. A suplementação do diluente com PS ovino e suíno foi associada com aumento na motilidade espermática, após a segunda hora de incubação sob condições in vitro, assim como quando usado na refrigeração, congelamento e descongelamento. Este estudo teve como objetivo testar a adição de PS suíno (20%) ao diluente para congelamento do sêmen ovino e avaliar os parâmetros seminais in vitro pós-descongelamento. Ejaculados de quatro machos ovinos e três machos suínos foram coletados para formação de amostras combinando PS de vários machos (pools). Uma fração das amostras de PS foi destinada a quantificação de proteínas. Seis coletas dos quatro machos ovinos foram colhidas e diluídas em Tris-gema de ovo-glicerol, para congelamento, compondo três tratamentos: controle (sem PS); inclusão de 20% de PS ovino; e inclusão de 20% PS suíno. Após o descongelamento, as amostras foram submetidas a um teste de termo resistência durante cinco horas. Avaliações de qualidade espermática foram realizadas a cada duas horas. Também foram realizadas análises por citometria de fluxo para as avaliações de integridade de acrossoma e integridade de membrana. Para os tratamentos controle, PS ovino e PS suíno, não foram observadas diferenças (P > 0.05) quanto a motilidade (30,0 ± 2,0; 30,4 ± 2,0 e 24,6 ± 2,0 respectivamente), integridade de membrana (37,5 ± 2,6; 40,9 ± 2,6 e 31,4 ± 2,6, respectivamente), função mitocondrial (70,0 ± 1,7; 61,8 ± 1,7 e 63,6 ± 1,7, respectivamente) e integridade de DNA (91,2 ± 3,1; 96,5 ± 3,1 e 93,6 ± 3,1, respectivamente). A integridade do acrossoma foi maior (P < 0.05) com inclusão de PS suíno (59,3 ± 3,5) em comparação com o controle (46,7 ± 3,5), mas ambas as médias foram similares (P > 0.05) à observada para o PS ovino (56,7 ± 3,5). Conclui-se que apesar do beneficio do PS suíno a 20% para a integridade de acrossoma, não se obteve resultados positivos nas demais avaliações de qualidade seminal.

Le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) est un virus à simple brin positif qui appartient au genre Lentivirus dans la famille retroviridae et qui constitue l’agent étiologique du SIDA pandémique.Pendant le cycle réplicatif du VIH-1, la traduction de protéines virales dépend exclusivement de la machinerie traductionnelle cellulaire. Pour cette raison, nous avons cherché à comprendre le rôle de quelques facteurs cellulaires qui pourraient contrôler la traduction du VIH-1 à différents nivaux. Nous avons centré nos recherches sur la traduction de l’ARN génomique (ARNg) du virus qui sert en même temps de génome pour être encapsidé et comme ARN messager pour la traduction des protéines virales Gag et Gag-Pol. 1) Le rôle de l’hélicase d’ARN DDX3 dans la traduction du VIH-1. L’ARNg du VIH-1 possède une région 5’ non traduite très structurée, raison pour laquelle nous avons spéculé sur un possible rôle de DDX3 dans la traduction du VIH-1. Nous avons utilisé une combinaison de techniques in vitro et ex vivo afin de pouvoir démontrer que DDX3 était capable de lier et faire des complexes avec l’ARN de la région 5’ non traduite pour promouvoir l’initiation de la traduction. Nous avons aussi pu démontrer que DDX3 formait des complexes avec les facteurs d’initiation de la traduction PABP, eIF4G et eIF4E. 2) Le changement programmé du cadre de lecture (PRF) dans l’ARN génomique du VIH-1. La traduction de la polyprotéine Gag-Pol du VIH-1 nécessite un décalage de phase de 1 nucléotide en arrière. Ce mécanisme permet la synthèse des protéines Gag et Gag-Pol avec des ratios de 95 et 5% respectivement à partir du même ARN. Cette proportion doit être conservée pour assurer la réplication du virus. Nous avons utilisé un système de double gène rapporteurs et un système de réplication complète du provirus pour montrer que la protéine associé aux granules de stress TIAR pouvait contrôler la réplication viral en régulant la proportion de ribosome qui assurent / Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a positive strand RNA virus belonging to the lentivirus genus of the retroviridae family and it is the etiological agent of the pandemic AIDS, which is a major health concern worldwide. Throughout HIV-1 replication cycle, the production of viral proteins depends exclusively on the cellular translational machinery. This is the reason why we have explored the role of some cellular factors that could control HIV-1 translation at different stages. We have focused our studies on the translation of the full length genomic RNA (gRNA), which serves both as genome for viral encapsidation and as a messenger for translation of Gag and Gag-Pol viral polyproteins.1) The role of the RNA helicase DDX3 in HIV-1 translation Initiation The fact that HIV-1 possesses a highly structured 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) prompted us to speculate that DDX3 may be involved in HIV-1 translation. We used a combination of in vitro and ex-vivo approaches to show that DDX3 was able to bind and form complexes with the 5’-UTR of HIV-1 to assist translation initiation. We also demonstrated that DDX3 can form a complex with initiation factors such as PABP, eIF4G and eIF4E. 2) Programmed Ribosomal Frameshift (PRF) in the genomic RNA of HIV-1Translation of HIV-1 Gag-Pol polyprotein requires a -1 PRF. This mechanism allows the synthesis of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins, using the same mRNA template, at ratios of 95 and 5% respectively. Keeping the -1PRF ratio is important as any change leads to reduction in virus infectivity.By means of a dual reporter construct and full provirus replication system we were able to demonstrate that the stress granules associated protein TIAR, controls HIV-1 infectious progeny by regulating the ratio of the HIV-1 PRF.

The topic of this master thesis is design of the mechanical two-point press with eccentric shaft and direct drive. The thesis contains design and control calculations according to given parameters and also contains drawings of main parts for the press.

Inledning: Även om distansterapi visat sig vara effektivt och ger ökad tillgänglighet är många terapeuter ändå tveksamma till formatet. Syfte: Genom att undersöka hur övergången till distansformat enligt psykodynamiskt orienterade terapeuter påverkar den terapeutiska processen, dess ram och relationella kvalité ges ett bidrag till förståelse av denna tvekan. Metod: En kvalitativt inriktad fenomenologisk studie av semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem terapeuter. Resultat: Tematisk analys visar två teman: Närvaro och En ny situation med två respektive fyra underteman: möjliggörande och saknad respektive kropparnas kommunikation, saknad avgränsning, ramarbete och inre upptagenhet. Diskussion: En inre upptagenhet kan göra att närvaro som relationell kvalité i bemärkelsen emotionell, kognitiv och funktionell tillgänglighet försvåras i distansformatet. Inre upptagenhet kan bero på de ramfrågor som aktualiseras i övergången. Undersökningen resulterar i en modell som visar att i den mån en viss terapeutisk teknik, känsla i rummet eller terapeutroll föreligger som målsättning i den terapeutiska processen kommer den inre upptagenheten sannolikt kvarstå. Ökad förståelse för terapeuters målsättningar i och med den terapeutiska processen föreslås som en nyckel för vidare acceptans av distansformatet. / Introduction: Even though distance therapy has been shown to be effective across a range of measures and increases access many psychotherapists still remain sceptic to the format.   Aim: By examining how psychodynamic psychotherapists experience transitioning to distance therapy as regards the therapeutic process this study results in a contribution to the understanding of the continuing scepticism among therapists.  Method: A qualitative, phenomenological study of semi-structured interviews with five psychotherapists using thematic analysis.  Result: Two themes are identified: Presence and A new situation with two and four subthemes respectively: enabling and lamented; bodily communication, demarcation, therapeutic frame and preoccupation. Discussion: Due to preoccupation presence understood as a relational quality of emotional, cognitive and functional availability could be continually lamented in distance therapy. The discussion results in a model showing that if a certain therapeutic technique, feeling in the room or therapeutic role is an underlying intention in the therapeutic process preoccupation will continue to be a factor in distance therapy encounters. Increased knowledge as regards therapists´ intentions in the therapeutic process is forwarded as a key factor to further acceptance of the distance therapy format.

This master's thesis describes the design of effective working artificial neural network in FPGA Virtex-5 series with the maximum use of the possibility of parallelization. The theoretical part contains basic information on artificial neural networks, FPGA and VHDL. The practical part describes the used format of the variables, creating non-linear function, the principle of calculation the single layers, or the possibility of parameter settings generated artificial neural networks.

This diploma thesis designs a small vertical CNC milling machine. The thesis includes selection of suitable structural design of the machine based on market analysis and requirements. The listed components, constructional calculations and 3D model are chosen in order to minimize the costs.

The Diploma thesis deals with the design solution of multi-functional machining centre, especially with one of its parts – the design of the slide ram and vertical feed incl. the choice of convenient tool heads for the slide ram. The introducing part deals with the numerically controlled machines and centres generally, especially with the portal-type ones. It contains description of individual machine parts including examples of accessories from product plans of domestic and foreign producers. The second part of the Diploma thesis contains calculations and design solution of the slide ram and feed including the choice of the most suitable accessories applicable for this purpose. In the final phase the model of the slide ram has been introduced in the imersion virtual reality and integrated in the complete machine design. The Diploma thesis has been elaborated using the relevant technical literature.

This study’s purpose is to explore the online medium known as “Actual Play” through the perspective of both content creators, who work within the format as well as their audience who consume and interact with the content. This is a qualitative interview and observation study on the subject of Actual Play. The empirical material consists of four interviews with participants who are in one way or another involved with Actual Play content creation or distribution, an entire episode of an Actual Play series has also been analyzed to demonstrate the concept to readers unfamiliar with Actual Play and/or role-playing games. The questions this study has sought to answer regard what Actual Play is and looks like in practice and what the interactions between participants within Actual Play as well the interactions between these Actual Play creators and their audience looks like. The study’s findings show that the interaction between the different social actors within Actual Play is similar to that of improvisational theater. To maintain the trust between the participants, social contracts that employ safety tools are often used. The interaction between the Actual Play content creators and their audiences seems more personal than average, since they’re all able to inhabit and interact over the Internet. The audience also seems to enjoy that aspect of getting to know the Actual Play actors and/or creators on both a personal level and through their characters. Finally, Actual Plays main appeal appears to be based around being a way to share and engage with others around a shared interest.