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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Adsorbate-substrate charge transfer excited states /

Kambhampati, Patanjali, January 1998 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 274-296). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.
142

Non-radiative processes and vibrational pumping in surface-enhanced raman scattering : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics /

Galloway, Christopher. January 2010 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references.
143

Self-assembly and nanofabrication approaches towards photonics and plasmonics /

Zin, Melvin T. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-276).
144

Laser self-Raman dobrado intracavidade de alta potência CW operante na região amarela do espectro eletromagnético de aplicações oftalmológicas / High power intracavity doubled CW self-Raman laser operating in the yellow range of electromagnetic spectra of ophthalmological applications

Tiago Almeida Ortega 18 August 2011 (has links)
Este trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento e otimização de uma cavidade laser self-Raman de aplicações oftalmológicas. A cavidade laser é do tipo estado sólido bombeada longitudinalmente por um diodo laser infravermelho. A cavidade é dita self-Raman pois um cristal Raman intracavidade faz o papel de meio ativo e deslocador Raman. Esse tipo de configuração é extremamente vantajoso uma vez que promove uma redução dimensional, de custos e de perdas intracavidade. Outro elemento não linear intracavidade é responsável pela geração do segundo harmônico da primeira linha Stokes gerada pelo cristal Raman. Dessa maneira obtém-se radiação em 586.5 nm da cavidade laser, o que corresponde a porção amarela do espectro eletromagnético. Essa região amarelo-alaranjada do espectro é de muita importância e aplicabilidade na indústria, ciências e na medicina. Na oftalmologia, em particular, é de enorme interesse que se construa um laser amarelo para fotocoagulação da retina uma vez que há muito tempo sabe-se que essa porção do espectro possui uma absorção desprezível pela Xantofila, cromóforo abundantemente presente na mácula. A mácula é a porção da retina responsável pela visão central e não deve absorver radiação laser pois isso seria desastroso para o paciente. / The objective of this work is the development and optimization of a self-Raman laser cavity with ophthalmological applications. The laser cavity is a longitudinally diode pumped solid state laser. The laser cavity is so-called self-Raman because an intracavity Raman crystal plays a role as an active media and Raman shifter. This type of configuration is extremely advantageous because it promotes a reduction in costs, dimensions and intracavity losses. Another non linear intracavity element is responsible for the second harmonic generation of the first Stokes line generated by the Raman crystal. Thereby one obtains 586.5 nm radiation coming out of the laser cavity, a wavelength in the yellow portion of the electromagnetic spectra. This yellow-orange range of the spectra is of great importance because and has many and increasingly applications in science, industry and medicine. Particularly in ophthalmology, a yellow laser for retina photocoagulation is of great interest once it is well known that this portion of the spectra is negligibly absorbed by the Xanthophylls, pigment strongly present at the macula. The macula is the portion of the retina responsible for the central vision and because of this laser absorption would be disastrous for the patients eye.
145

Estudo espectroscópico e eletroquímico da redução de íons perclorato sobre superfícies eletromodificadas de estanho / Study of spectroscopic and electrochemical reduction perchlorate ions on tin surfaces electromodified

Edson Barbosa de Sousa 23 November 2005 (has links)
Medidas eletroquímicas, incluindo cronoamperometria, voltametria cíclica, procedimentos eletroquímicos de envelhecimento de filmes superficiais, espectroscopia de absorção no infravermelho, espectroscopia Raman in situ e ex situ, incluindo o efeito SERS, foram empregados no estudo da redução eletroquímica de íons perclorato a cloreto sobre eletrodo de estanho. Solução de perclorato de sódio 0,5 mol L-1 foi utilizada como eletrólito. Observou-se que a concentração máxima de cloreto produzida em decorrência da redução de íons perclorato (5,0 x 10-5 mol L-1) ocorre na região de potenciais localizada no final da contribuição de corrente da dupla camada elétrica e início da região de desprendimento de hidrogênio. A concentração limite de cloreto é decorrente do estabelecimento de um equilíbrio entre os íons cloreto na solução e cloreto adsorvido que inativa os sítios na superfície, impedindo a continuidade do processo. Programas de perturbação de potencial visando a eletromodificação da superfície do estanho foram aplicados, com o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência de mudanças das propriedades eletrocatalíticas dessas superfícies. A influência das variáveis, velocidade da perturbação, tempo de duração e limites de potencial na cinética de redução de perclorato e na concentração máxima de cloreto foi estudada. Em todos os casos a concentração máxima de cloreto detectada na solução foi de 2,0 x 10-5 mol L-1, exceto no tratamento de ativação eletroquímica quando essa concentração atinge 5,0 x 10-5 mol L-1. A influência da presença de óxidos superficiais, temperatura e agitação da solução, pH, e tempo de polarização no processo de redução de perclorato também foi avaliada. Concluiu-se que (i) a presença de óxidos catalisa o processo de redução; (ii) a influência da temperatura é significativa a 70 °C; (iii) a agitação e o pH da solução não exercem influência na concentração máxima de cloreto produzida e (iv) a concentração máxima de cloreto estabiliza-se após cerca de 150 minutos de polarização. / Electrochemical measurements including chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry, film surface electrochemical ageing procedures, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy including the SERS effect were carried out in order to study the electrochemical reduction of perchlorate ions at tin electrodes. Sodium perchlorate solution 0.5 mol L-1 was employed as electrolyte. It was observed that maximum chloride concentration produced by the perchlorate reduction (5.0 x 10-5 mol L-1), takes place within a potential range comprising the negative side of de double layer region and the positive side of the hydrogen evolution region. The upper limit of chloride concentration occurs due to the establishment of an equilibrium between the chloride ions in solution and the adsorbed chloride ions that blocks the surface sites where the reduction process takes place. In order to electromodify the tin surface, the electrode was subjected to perturbing potential programs, aiming to evaluate changes in the electrocatalytic properties of the modified sufaces. The influence of the experimental variables perturbation sweep rate as well as perturbation time and potential limits on the perchrolate reduction kinetic and on the maximum chloride concentration was studied. Except to the activation treatment, the maximum chloride concentration was 2.0 x 10-5 mol L-1 for all the applied perturbation programs. The influence of the oxides on the electrode surface, stirring, temperature, pH and polarization time on the reduction process was evaluated too. It was shown that (i) the presence of oxides on the electrode surface favors the reduction reaction; (ii) there is significant influence of temperature at 70 °C; (iii) pH and stirring the solution exerts no influence on the maximum chloride concentration produced and (iv) the maximum chloride concentration produced by electroreduction is reached after 150 minutes.
146

Formação e caracterização de camadas de TiN para eletrodos metálicos de porta de capacitores MOS / Formation and characterization of TiN layers for metal gate electrodes

Garcia, Alisson Soares, 1982- 24 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Jacobus Willibrordus Swart / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T14:49:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_AlissonSoares_M.pdf: 5063750 bytes, checksum: 2502df6540499f8d119aa5b993966ec5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Filmes ultrafinos (espessuras inferiores a 20 nm) de nitreto de titânio (TiN) para serem usados como eletrodos de porta para tecnologia CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semicon-duc-tor) foram obtidos. Estes filmes ultrafinos foram obtidos através da evaporação por feixe de elétrons de camadas ultrafinas (de 1 ou 2 nm de espessura) de titânio (Ti) com posterior ni-tretação por plasma ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) de nitrogênio (N2). Após a deposição e nitretação do titânio, a fim de evitar a oxidação dos filmes, no mesmo reator ECR da nitreta-ção, executou-se a deposição CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) de filmes de a-Si:H (silício amorfo hidrogenado) usando plasma de SiH4/Ar. Estes filmes de a-Si:H foram implantados com fósforo (P+) e recozidos por processamento térmico rápido para torná-los dopados n+ e policris-talinos. Assim, foram formados eletrodos de porta (Metal Gate) MOS com estruturas Poli-Si n+/TiN e esta dissertação apresenta as seguintes contribuições científicas: ¿ Obtenção de eletrodos de porta Poli-Si n+/TiN que suportam processos RTA em alta tempe-ratura de 1000 ºC. Esta característica foi observada por análises Raman, que identificaram picos relativos ao TiN dos modos TA (~195 cm-1) e LA (~315 cm-1) e ao Si cristalino (~ 521 cm-1); ¿ Obtenção de filmes ultrafinos de TiN, com espessuras menores que 20 nm e contínuos. Qua-tro amostras apresentaram espessuras menores que 10 nm, que é um valor desejado para ob-ter eletrodos de porta MOS que caibam nos dispositivos fabricados para nós tecnológicos com dimensões menores que 22 nm. Esta característica foi identificada por imagens SEM (microscopia eletrônica de varredura); ¿ Obtenção de eletrodos de porta Poli-Si n+/TiN do tipo midgap, pois os valores de VFB estão entre -0,31 V e -0,48 V. Estas características foram extraídas de medidas de Capacitância¿Tensão (C-V); Portanto, eletrodos de Poli-Si n+/TiN do tipo midgap, com espessuras menores que 10 nm, resistentes a processos de alta temperatura e que podem ser usados em dispositivos fabrica-dos para nós tecnológicos com dimensões menores que 22 nm, foram obtidos / Abstract: Ultrathin films (thickness of less than 20 nm) of titanium nitride (TiN) to be used as gate electrodes for CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology were obtained. These ultrathin films were obtained by electron beam evaporation of ultrathin layers (1 or 2 nm thick) of titanium (Ti) followed by ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) plasma nitriding of nitrogen (N2). After deposition and nitriding of the titanium, in order to prevent oxidation of the films, in the same nitriding ECR reactor, a-Si:H (hydrogenated amorphous silicon) films were deposited by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) using SiH4/Ar plasma. These films of a-Si:H were implanted with phosphorus (P+) and annealed by rapid thermal annealing to turn them n+ dopped and polycrystalline. Thus, MOS metal gate electrodes were formed with Poly-Si n+/TiN structures and this dissertation presents the following scientific contributions: ¿ Gate electrodes of Poly-Si n+/TiN that support RTA processes in high temperature of 1000 ºC were obtained. This characteristic was observed by Raman analysis, that identified peaks associated to TiN at TA mode (~195 cm-1) and LA mode (~315 cm-1), and related to the crys-talline Si at (~ 521 cm-1); ¿ Ultrathin films of TiN, less than 20 nm thick and continuous, were obtained. Four samples were less than 10 nm thick, which represents a thickness that is desirable to obtain MOS gate electrodes that fit devices manufactured for technological nodes with dimensions smaller than 22 nm. This feature was identified by SEM images (Scanning Electron Micros-copy); ¿ Midgap metal gate electrodes Poly-Si n+/TiN were obtained, as VFB values are between -0.31 V and -0.48 V. These features were extracted from measurements of capacitance-voltage (C-V); Therefore, midgap electrodes of Poly-Si n+/TiN, less than 10 nm thick, resistant to high temperature processes and that can be used in devices manufactured for technological nodes with dimensions smaller than 22 nm were obtained / Mestrado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
147

Estudo teórico de sistemas de elétrons fortemente correlacionados / Theoretical study of highly correlated electron systems

Calderon Filho, Cesar José, 1987- 25 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Gaston Eduardo Barberis, Eduardo Granado Monteiro da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T18:32:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CalderonFilho_CesarJose_D.pdf: 5035446 bytes, checksum: fcbe04000b9cbb2451812618227a75ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho é dedicado ao estudo dos multiferróicos, um tipo especial de sistema de elétrons fortemente correlacionados. Foram analisadas teoricamente estas substâncias e estudada a família LiMPO4 (M: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) em particular. Este trabalho focou particularmente no composto de Mn, LiMnPO4, onde foram utilizados os dados existentes e os recém obtidos de espalhamento inelástico de nêutrons (INS), magnetização, espalhamento Raman e ressonância paramagnética eletrônica (ESR) para modelar as interações magnéticas presentes no material. Os resultados obtidos em monocristais deste composto permitem refinar o conhecimento das interações magnéticas do mesmo. O modelo desenvolvido realiza um ajuste simultâneo dos novos dados de espalhamento Raman e os já publicados de INS, mostrando uma clara interpretação do papel dos parâmetros de troca no material escolhido. É esperado que este cálculo seja estendido para toda a família e para outros compostos. Esta tese tenta ser auto-contida, por isso incluiu-se boa parte do material necessário para o leitor e futuros continuadores deste trabalho / Abstract: This work is devoted to the study of an special type of strongly correlated electrons\' compounds, namely the multiferroics. We analyze theoretically those substances, and we study a particular family of them, the LiMPO4 (M: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) family. We focus particularly in the Mn compound, LiMnPO4, where we use existing and newly obtained data from Inelastic Neutron Scattering, Magnetization, Raman Scattering and Electron Spin Resonance to model the magnetic interactions in the material. The results in single crystals of this compound allow us to refine the knowledge of the magnetic interactions in LiMnPO4. Our model develops a calculation that fits together the new Raman experiments and the already published INS, arriving to a clear interpretation of the role of the exchange parameters in the chosen material. We expect that our calculation will be extended in the future to the whole family and to other compounds. This thesis tried to be self-contained, so we included some material that can be useful for the readers and future continuators of this work / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências
148

An optical investigation of implantation damage as GaAs superlattices

Haile, Kibreab Mebrahtom 26 April 2005 (has links)
In this work tunability, implantation damage and recovery of GaAs doping superlattices implanted with hydrogen ions were studied. The applicability of two models of the optical properties of semiconductors was also investigated. GaAs doping superlattices were implanted with 0.5 MeV hydrogen ions at doses of 1012 cm-2, 1014 cm-2 and 1016 cm-2. This gradually modifies their optical characteristics from superlattice behaviour to something resembling the bulk material and beyond. Such a processing technique therefore provides a convenient way of tuning the optical properties of a superlattice semi-permanently. A combined result of ellipsometry and near infrared reflectance measurements showed that a single effective oscillator as well as a more advanced three-parameter model could be applied to the virgin and ion-implanted doping superlattices. This allowed us to determine the dose dependent effective band gap as well as other model parameters. Photoluminescence as well as normal and resonance Raman techniques were applied to study hydrogen ion implantation damage and its recovery. These techniques showed that implantation damage could be reversed to a large extent by a simple thermal annealing step. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Physics / unrestricted
149

Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy from magnesium doped, as grown, hydrogen implanted and annealed GaN

Maremane, Martin Koena 26 April 2005 (has links)
The presence of the hydrogen complex in Mg-doped GaN poses serious threats for the technological development of blue and ultraviolet light- emitting diodes and lasers. Since hydrogen is a difficult element to work with and it is incorporated into GaN through various mechanisms, a thorough understanding of hydrogen in GaN and other nitrides is essential to meet potential challenges by hydrogen. Most of the work done on the interaction of hydrogen implanted Mg-doped GaN deals mainly with passivation of the dopants and formation of the hydrogen complex with magnesium. However, the role of hydrogen implantation on the optical properties of Mg-doped GaN is not well understood. This study is mainly about optical properties of Mg-doped GaN and the effects of hydrogen on the Mg-doped GaN. Theoretically, group theory is used to determine the total number of symmetry allowed modes in GaN, Raman active modes and possible overtones. Experimentally, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy verify the theoretical results. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Physics / unrestricted
150

Etude, caractérisation et optimisation expérimentales de nano-capteurs plasmoniques / Experimental study, characterization and optimization of plasmonic nanosensors

Proust, Julien 22 January 2014 (has links)
Venir sonder de faibles quantités de molécules nécessite des capteurs ultra-sensibles. Il a été démontré que les capteurs plasmoniques pouvaient remplir ce rôle. Toutefois, même après trente ans de recherches, beaucoup de questions restent sans réponses. Dans cette étude nous tentons d'y répondre : que se passe-t-il lorsqu'une molécule s'adsorbe sur la surface d'une nanoparticule ? Lorsqu'une monocouche de molécule s'adsorbe ? Et que se passe-t-il pour les molécules suivantes ? Peut-on améliorer simplement la sensibilité et la lisibilité des nano-capteurs plasmoniques? Nous démontrons expérimentalement un comportement singulier lorsque la quantité de molécules dans le champ proche des nanoparticules est très faible, typiquement de quelques zeptogrammes. Afin de mesurer cette infime quantité de matière, des solutions d'amplification des signaux sont étudiées comme l'intégration de capteurs sur des micro-lentilles axicon, ou encore sur des nano-cavités de type Fabry-Perot. Nous avons développé les micro-lentilles axicon afin de palier la faible intensité du signal émanant de nanoparticules uniques. Elles ont pour but de redistribuer le champ électromagnétique, en faisceau de Bessel de faible ouverture numérique, donc facilement mesurable. Les nano-cavités optiques ont, quant à elles, étaient développées afin de diminuer l'amortissement des résonances plasmon et ainsi affiner les résonances et augmenter la lisibilité des capteurs.Toutes ces études ont un même but : détecter in-situ les marqueurs de maladies à des concentrations infinitésimales afin de traiter les patients avant les premiers symptômes / Ultra sensitive sensors are required to probe very low concentrations of molecules. It has been shown that plasmonic nano-sensors could play this role. Nevertheless, even after thirteen years of research, a lot of questions remain unanswered.We will try to answer them in this study: what happens when a single molecule is adsorbed on a nanoparticle surface? In a monolayer? And what happens for the next layer of molecules? Can we easily enhance the sensitivity and the readability of sensors? We demonstrate experimentally a singular behavior when the quantity of molecules in the near-field region is very low, typically in the zeptogram level. To measure the low quantity of matter, different techniques to enhance the signal are studied: integration of sensor on axicon micro-lenses of Fabry-Perot like nano-cavities. We developed axicon micro-lenses to increase the intensity of unique nanoparticle signal. They redistribute the electromagnetic field into a Bessel beam with low numerical aperture, allowing an easy collection in far field. Nano-cavities have been designed to decrease the damping and refine the plasmonic resonance to increase the readability of the sensors. All these studies have the same target: to detect in-situ disease markers at very low concentrations in order to treat the patients before the first symptoms

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