The subject of this thesis is microwave assisted rapid growth of ZnO nanoparticles from an aqueous solution using different zinc precursors and heating powers, and characterization of these by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy. The goal of the experiment performed was to study the effect of the heating power of the microwave oven as well as that of the zinc precursor used on the morphology and size of the grown particles. ZnO nanoparticles has many interesting possible applications in a wide range of areas, such as LED-technology, medicine, antibacterial applications, solar cells and more. Also, there is still a lot of knowledge missing concerning the growth mechanisms and properties of ZnO on the nano-scale. These two facts give good reasons to continue the research and investigations of nano-ZnO. Being able to use the microwave assisted growth method in large scale is highly interesting as it is relatively cheap, safe and easy compared to other presently used methods, so there are good reasons to learn more about this technique as well. In this project it was found that both the heating power and the zinc precursor used had significant effects on the morphology and size of the grown ZnO nanocrystals, and also that adding a zinc seed layer to the surface of the substrate before growth made a big difference in some cases.

Purpose - The purpose of this thesis is to describe and explain how Swedish gazelle firms, as representatives of high growth SMEs, respond to challenges in their economic and social contexts in sustaining growth. Furthermore, the purpose is to provide relevant and valuable recommendations to managers of rapidly growing companies. Finally, this thesis aims at providing suggestions for further research. Method - This research was conducted following a multiple case study research design, constituting four companies. Data derives particularly from semi-structured interviews, held with the owners/CEOs of the four case companies. Findings – Taking a combined resource-based and institution-based view, the study shows that even though the importance of commitment to social issues for SMEs increases through periods of rapid growth, the importance is still somewhat limited for the overall success of the firm. Hence, mainly focusing on the economic context is essential for the firm‘s success, albeit the social context becomes an increasingly important factor to bear in mind for runners of SMEs, particularly when it comes to future expansion. Practical implications - For owners and managers of rapidly growing SMEs, it is vital to form a profound understanding of the challenges that can emerge after a period of rapid growth as well as how to how to most adequately respond to those challenges. For this, it greatly helps if a long-term vision on how and how much to grow is developed before the firm enters its period of rapid growth. Moreover, firm owners need to have or develop significant leadership capabilities in order to deal with the increasing amount of and diversity regarding employees. Keywords - Rapid growth firms, Gazelles, Strategic management, CSR, Growth, SMEs

The purpose of this descriptive case study was to examine the role of the central office staff and the strategies used to support capacity building in elementary principals in a rapid growth district. By synthesizing research and models from education reform scholars, the conceptual framework of professional capital, intrinsic motivation, the educational change process, and professional learning communities was generated to advance the understanding of utilizing PLCs as a foundation for central office to initiate and sustain continuous improvement in a rapid growth district. The Professional Learning Community Assessment - District Support developed by Olivier, Huffman, and Cowan was administered to 126 participants within the curriculum and instruction department and three elementary schools to collect data to analyze the five dimensions of PLCs within the school district. Eleven interviews were conducted with members of the curriculum and instruction department and elementary principals. According to the eleven interviewees, and PLCA-DS, six themes emerged to support the role of capacity building in elementary principals using the PLC model as a framework. The PLC infrastructure, supportive central office, collaborative culture, continuous improvement, differentiated opportunities to learn, and data use were the six themes generated by the participants to support continuous improvement in elementary principals. Each of the five PLC dimensions were visible throughout the themes as the findings illustrated six key practices currently in motion within the rapid growth school district used to build capacity in elementary principals.

No description available.

Den teknologiska utvecklingen i samhället har lett till en brant ökning i användandet av ehandel. Denna utveckling har bidragit till att konsumenter ställer högre krav på sin shoppingupplevelse och företagen måste nu anpassa sig efter detta. Konkurrensen på ehandelsmarknaden sker på andra villkor gentemot den traditionella marknaden med fysiska butiker då företaget genast konkurrerar på en global skala. Företagen måste nu hitta nya sätt att synas och sticka ut från mängden för att inte försvinna i bruset. Vi har i denna studie undersökt vilka faktorer som är viktigast för att bli framgångsrika på en konkurrenskraftig internetmarknad. Med hjälp av tidigare forskning har vi identifierat ett antal ”critical success factors” som anses vara centrala för ett e-handelsföretags framgång. Dessa teorier har sedan ställts mot empirisk data insamlad från fem svenska e-handelsföretag från olika marknadssegment. De gemensamma faktorer vi sett från såväl teori som empiri är service och företagens förmåga att på ett personligt plan kommunicera med sina kunder över internet. Något som man normalt sett får i en fysisk butik är inte givet en e-handel, därav måste e-handlarna anpassa sin verksamhet gentemot konsumenten. / The technological development in our society has led to a steep rise in the use of ecommerce. This development has contributed to higher demands from consumers considering their shopping-experience and the companies must learn how to adapt. The terms of the competition on the e-commerce market are different from the traditional market with brickand-mortar stores as they immediately compete on a global scale. In order to not disappear in the sheer volume of competition, the companies now must find new ways to stand out. In this study, the authors have examined which factors that are significant to the rapid growth in e-commerce, and how they will comprehend with the competitive internet market. With help from previous studies, the authors have identified several critical success factors that may be central to the success of e-commerce businesses from different market segments. These theories have bene tested against the empirical data gathered from five different segments of the market. The common ground in the success factors analyzed from the empirical data as well as the theoretical data is service and personal communication towards the customer. Something that you normally would get in a traditional brick-and-mortar store, hence the e-commerce urgent need to adapt and submiss to the consumers.

Bakgrund Gaseller är små- och medelstora företag (SME: s) med hög tillväxttakt som konstant skapar nya arbetstillfällen och har en positiv inverkan på den svenska ekonomin. Många författare anser att en differentieringsfokus är mest lämpligt för SME: s för de ska kunna skapa konkurrensfördelar och tillväxt. Denna fokus är ett strategiskt val som underbyggs av innovationsförmåga. Dock, när konkurrensfördelen leder till snabb tillväxt så uppstår växtvärk. Följaktligen, vad händer med SME: s innovativa förmåga under snabb tillväxt och vidare, hur påverkar detta SME: s förmåga att uppnå långsiktig tillväxt? Syfte Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur snabb tillväxt i SME: s påverkar deras förmåga att uppnå långsiktig tillväxt. Metod För att uppnå syftet med denna uppsats så har en jämförande analys utförts baserat på en holistisk undersökning av ett flertal case. Undersökningen inkluderade fem tillverkande SME: s belägna Jönköpings län som alla mottagit utmärkelsen ”Gasell” från den svenska finansiella tidningen Dagens Industri. Denna utmärkelse de-las ut till företag som fördubblat sin omsättning under en period av tre år samtidigt som de haft positiv tillväxt och en stabil ekonomisk situation (DI, 2005). Slutsats Efter att ha analyserat de empiriska resultaten med passande teori kunde några övergripande slutsatser dras. Studien kunde visa att den växtvärk som ofta uppstår i SME: s som genomgår en period av snabb tillväxt påverkar den interna organisationen att anpassa sig till ökad komplexitet och resursbrist på ett sätt som har en negativ påverkan på deras innovativa förmåga. Det fanns också tendenser att detta i sin tur hade negativ effekt på SME: s förmåga att växa i ett långsiktigt perspektiv. / Background Gazelles are high growth Small Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) that constantly are creating new job-opportunities and contributing positively to the Swedish economy. In order to achieve competitive advantage and growth for SMEs, several authors argue that a focus on differentiation is most suitable, which is a strategic approach mainly underpinned by innovative ability. However, when competitive advantage leads to rapid growth certain growing pains occur. Thus, when SMEs are growing rapidly, what happens to their innovative ability and further how does this affect their long-term growth? Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to explore how rapid growth in SMEs affects their ability to attain long-term growth. Method In order to fulfil the purpose, a comparison analysis has been conducted based on a holistic multi-case study. The cases included five manufacturing SMEs in Jönköping County, of which all have been appointed the Gazelle-award issued by the Swedish financial newspaper Dagens Industri. This award is given to companies that have doubled its turnover in three years, while simultaneously having positive growth and a stable economical situation. Conclusion After analysing the empirical results with appropriate theories, some main conclusions could be reached. The study could demonstrate that the growing pains, often emerging in SMEs experiencing rapid growth, influence the organization to adapt itself to the increasing complexity and resource constraints in a way that has a negative affect on the their innovative ability. There was further some support that this in turn had a negative affect on SMEs ability to grow in a long-term per-spective.

<p>Bakgrund</p><p>Gaseller är små- och medelstora företag (SME: s) med hög tillväxttakt som konstant skapar nya arbetstillfällen och har en positiv inverkan på den svenska ekonomin. Många författare anser att en differentieringsfokus är mest lämpligt för SME: s för de ska kunna skapa konkurrensfördelar och tillväxt. Denna fokus är ett strategiskt val som underbyggs av innovationsförmåga. Dock, när konkurrensfördelen leder till snabb tillväxt så uppstår växtvärk. Följaktligen, vad händer med SME: s innovativa förmåga under snabb tillväxt och vidare, hur påverkar detta SME: s förmåga att uppnå långsiktig tillväxt?</p><p>Syfte</p><p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur snabb tillväxt i SME: s påverkar deras förmåga att uppnå långsiktig tillväxt.</p><p>Metod</p><p>För att uppnå syftet med denna uppsats så har en jämförande analys utförts baserat på en holistisk undersökning av ett flertal case. Undersökningen inkluderade fem tillverkande SME: s belägna Jönköpings län som alla mottagit utmärkelsen ”Gasell” från den svenska finansiella tidningen Dagens Industri. Denna utmärkelse de-las ut till företag som fördubblat sin omsättning under en period av tre år samtidigt som de haft positiv tillväxt och en stabil ekonomisk situation (DI, 2005).</p><p>Slutsats</p><p>Efter att ha analyserat de empiriska resultaten med passande teori kunde några övergripande slutsatser dras. Studien kunde visa att den växtvärk som ofta uppstår i SME: s som genomgår en period av snabb tillväxt påverkar den interna organisationen att anpassa sig till ökad komplexitet och resursbrist på ett sätt som har en negativ påverkan på deras innovativa förmåga. Det fanns också tendenser att detta i sin tur hade negativ effekt på SME: s förmåga att växa i ett långsiktigt perspektiv.</p> / <p>Background</p><p>Gazelles are high growth Small Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) that constantly are creating new job-opportunities and contributing positively to the Swedish economy. In order to achieve competitive advantage and growth for SMEs, several authors argue that a focus on differentiation is most suitable, which is a strategic approach mainly underpinned by innovative ability. However, when competitive advantage leads to rapid growth certain growing pains occur. Thus, when SMEs are growing rapidly, what happens to their innovative ability and further how does this affect their long-term growth?</p><p>Purpose</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to explore how rapid growth in SMEs affects their ability to attain long-term growth.</p><p>Method</p><p>In order to fulfil the purpose, a comparison analysis has been conducted based on a holistic multi-case study. The cases included five manufacturing SMEs in Jönköping County, of which all have been appointed the Gazelle-award issued by the Swedish financial newspaper Dagens Industri. This award is given to companies that have doubled its turnover in three years, while simultaneously having positive growth and a stable economical situation.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>After analysing the empirical results with appropriate theories, some main conclusions could be reached. The study could demonstrate that the growing pains, often emerging in SMEs experiencing rapid growth, influence the organization to adapt itself to the increasing complexity and resource constraints in a way that has a negative affect on the their innovative ability. There was further some support that this in turn had a negative affect on SMEs ability to grow in a long-term per-spective.</p>

What makes a small village grow fast to a large city in just a few decades? Could it be some sort of new industry that makes those villages proliferate? Maybe a natural resource has been found in the local area that creates a lot of job opportunities in a short span of time? Sometimes it is that people and entrepreneurs see the potential of the area to create a tourism industry in that place. The area might have the right conditions for maybe historical or nature sights - ski slopes, mountain hiking, fishing or other outdoor activities. The opportunities might be many, and just in a few years this location becomes the most popular tourist destination in the country. Business is flourishing, but what are the consequences when a place rapidly grows from being a small village to a big tourist destination? There are of course opportunities, but also a lot of challenges. This paper will examine what precisely those opportunities or challenges may be for a rapid growing tourist destination. To observe this phenomenon, this study has been conducted in Sälen in Sweden, the biggest skiing resort in all of Scandinavia. Sälen is a seasonal tourist destination, which gives this study a broader perspective on the topic of rapid growing destinations. The seasonal aspect has its own challenges and opportunities. To get a better understanding of this phenomenon, several big actors from Sälen have been interviewed. The empirical statements from these respondents will explain how the destination operates and what difficulties they see with Sälen and rapid growing destinations. This will then be mirrored and compared towards the collected theoretical studies. What do these previous studies that directly or indirectly say about this phenomenon? In conclusion, we have found that seasonal and rapid growing tourist destinations make balancing infrastructures, finding and hiring labor, maintaining a good image, meeting the demand with a range of activities and sustaining the environment a challenge. We have also found that if the different actors collectively work together towards a common goal, handling the change of rapid growing destinations becomes a lot easier. Working together with each other and the public sector gives opportunity for both social, economic and environmental sustainability.

Although the development of small businesses is generally considered important for income generation and job creation, there has been relatively little research in developing countries such as Ghana on understanding why some small firms succeed and grow rapidly while others do not in. This thesis investigates the influences on small firm growth rates in Ghana using data from a random sample of 252 manufacturing and services firms from the database of the Association of Ghana Industries. The general hypothesis is that, growth is a function of the characteristics of the entrepreneur; characteristics of the firm; strategic factors; environmental factors; and cultural factors. Consequently, the research tests 36 hypotheses drawn from the five main categories of variables using the turnover and the employment growth measures. It also uses logistic regression analysis to isolate significant factors differentiating rapid-growth firms from slow-growth firms. Overall, the research finds strong evidence which suggests that, perception of a market opportunity; university education; multiple founders; entrepreneurs with marketing skills; workforce training; new product development; presence of a clear vision and mission statement; majority non-family members in management and membership of professional or business associations were associated with rapid-growth firms. iv Factors which were significant in discriminating between rapid-growth and slow-growth firms but were more likely to be associated with slow-growth firms included threat of unemployment or actual unemployment as a motivation for starting a business; production skills; legal form (limited liability companies); access to external equity (post-formation); exporting; access to public or external aid; unionization and frequent management meetings.

La croissance cristalline de KH2PO4(KDP)and K(H1-xDx)2PO4(DKDP)a été fortement étudiée depuis de nombreuses années. Les propriétés optiques nonlinéaires (conversion de fréquence: doublage pour le KDP et triplage pour le DKDP)et les études fondamentales sur les mécanismes de croissance sont à la base du développement important de la croissance de ces cristaux. Au début des années 90, un fort intérêt s'est porté sur le KDP et DKDP pour les dispositifs optiques à large ouverture pour les applications industrielles de fusion inertielle comme au NAtional Ignition Facility (NIF) aux USA ou pour le laser MégaJoule en France. La dimension de ces optiques (40*40 cm²) nécessite des cristaux géants crûs en solution. Une technique de croissance rapide a été développé par abaissement de température dans un réacteur de 1000L et par une filtration en continu afin d'éviter la nucléation spontanée. Cette méthode est très robuste et fiable pour la croissance rapide de cristaux géants de KDP mais néanmoins montre des limitations inhérentes à cette méthode. En effet, cela mène à des cristaux inhomogènes (défauts, inhomogénéités isotopiques)ce qui est rédhibitoire pour des solutions solides intermédiaires comme le DKDP : la composition en début de croissance peut varier significativement de celle en fin de croissance. Très récemment, des méthodes par circulation de solution en conditions stationnaires ont été développées pour palier à ce problèmeet sont considérées comme les plus pertinentes. C'est pourquoi nous avons développé un système par circulation en conditions stationnaires avec un traitement original de la solution. Dans un premier temps, le système a été testé sur un composé modèle KDP puis dans un deuxième sur le composé utilisé pour l'application DKDP. / Crystal Growth of KH2PO4(KDP)and K(H1-xDx)2PO4(DKDP)has been extensively covered over the years. For decades KDP and DKDP crystals have been grown either for their nonlinear optical properties (frequency conversion : doubling for KDP and tripling for DKDP) or for fundamental studies on crystal growth mechanisms. At the beginning of the 90's, a special interest arose for KDP for large aperture optical elements for laser fusion facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF)in the USA or for the laser MegaJoule in France. The size of such optics(40*40 cm²)requires giant crystals to be grown in solution. A rapid growth technique has been developed based on the temperature lowering of a 1000L solution and its continuous filtration to avoid spurious nucleation. While this method is very robust and fully mature for the rapid growth of giant KDPs it nonetheless suffers from the limitations inherent to the Temperature Lowering Method(TLM).It does not provide stable growth conditions(temperature and supersaturation change).This can lead to inhomogeneous crystals (defects, isotopic inhomogeneity)and this is critical for intermediate of a solid solutions as the DKDP : the composition grown at the beginning can differ significantly from the one crystallizing later. Very early, transport methods growing crystals in stationary conditions, were considered to be "the most pertinent ones". That's why we have developed a growth system in stationary conditions with an original treatment of the solution. The grown compound selected was firstly KDP (model compound)then DKDP (KDP deuterated) for the desired application.