Apotekssektorn omreglerades 2009 och Apoteket AB miste genom detta ensamrätten till att sälja läkemedel. En ny konkurrens har för Apoteket AB bidragit till en förändrad situation som inneburit att nya krav ställts både på företaget och på dess personal. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka Apoteket ABs verksamhet, efter omregleringen av apotekssektorn, med fokus på företagets personalstyrning. Undersökningen riktar sig mot hur företaget vill att deras anställda ska arbeta för att attrahera och behålla kunder. Vidare har ändamålet varit att ta reda på företagets tillvägagångsätt för att implementera detta arbetssätt i verksamheten, samt att ta reda på hur de kontrollerar att det nya arbetssättet bibehålls. För att undersöka detta har datamaterial från sju intervjuer, tre av Apoteket ABs årsredovisningar samt tjugo rekryteringsannonser analyserats. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är Hochschilds (1983) teori om emotional labor, vilken handlar om hur serviceinriktade organisationer använder sig av medarbetares känslor och emotioner som en resurs. Resultatet i studien visar att Apoteket AB har för avsikt att implementera ett mer kundorienterat arbetssätt, där användningen av emotional labor skulle kunna antas bli alltmer aktuell. Dock tyder delar av datamaterialet på att implementeringen av detta arbetssätt inte har etablerats hos samtliga apotek. / In 2009, the pharmacy sector was re-regulated and through that, Apoteket AB lost their monopoly to sell medicine. The new competition has contributed to a changed situation for Apoteket AB, which has led to new requirements on the company and their employees. This study aims to examine the organization of Apoteket AB, after the re-regulation of the pharmacy sector, focusing on the personnel management of the company. The study concentrates on how the company wants their employees to work to attract and keep customers. The purpose has also been to investigate the company’s approach to implementing this way of working in the organization, and to explore how they control that it is maintained. To examine this, data from seven interviews, three of Apoteket ABs annual reports and twenty recruitment ads have been analyzed. The theoretical base of this study is Hochschilds (1983) theory of emotional labor, which encompasses how service oriented organizations make use of employees’ feelings and emotions as a resource. The result of the study shows that Apoteket AB intends to implement a more customer oriented approach, where the use of emotional labor could be expected to become more relevant. However, parts of the data suggest that the implementation of this way of working has not fully been established at all of the pharmacies.

Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka följderna av konkurrensutsättningen på apoteksmarknaden ur ett logistiskt flödesperspektiv. Metod: Abduktiv ansats och en kvalitativ datainsamlingsmetod i form av semistrukturerade och ostrukturerade intervjuer. Teori: Logistiska målmixen, Du Pont-schemat, 80–20-regeln, byta lager mot information, logistik som konkurrensmedel Marknadsteorier, konsumenttrygghet, drivkrafter för innovation, Porters fem krafter Resultat: De största volymerna av receptbelagda läkemedel går, likt under monopol-tiden, fortfarande via de största distributörerna Tamro och Oriola. Apoteks-aktörerna tycks överlag vilja gå mot lägre kapitalbindning, med något högre logistikkostnader och servicegrad. Främst vill aktörerna styra varuförsörj-ningen i egen regi för att anpassa den till de egna affärsmodellerna. Service-graden tycks inte ha försämrats sedan omregleringen. Trots detta önskar apoteken en förändring av varuförsörjningen, men detta har i dagsläget inte förverkligats. Den främsta orsaken tycks vara leverantörernas makt och bristen på substitut. För att utmana det obalanserade maktförhållandet tar apoteken till parallellimport, vilken tycks ha ökat, som förhandlingsmedel. Slutsatser: Komplexiteten tycks ligga i att marknaden i sin helhet måste behålla vissa öar av monopol. Ett läkemedel kan nämligen behäftas med mycket höga forsknings- och utvecklingskostnader, varpå utvecklarens patentskydd mot andra läkemedelsleverantörer är nödvändigt. Detta skapar dock en sämre förhandlingsställning för apoteksaktörerna. En annan bidragande faktor till komplexiteten kan vara statens inblandning som tredje part på marknaden. Den nya marknaden har dock lett till en innovationsutveckling på varuförsörjningsplanet, där aktörerna skapar sina egna logistiklösningar. / Purpose: The aim is to examine the impact of competition on the Swedish pharmacy market from a logistical flow perspective. Method: Abductive base and qualitative data collection method in the form of semi-structured and unstructured interviews. Theory Logistical Goal Mix, Du Pont chart, 80–20 rule, replacing stock with information, logistics as a competitive tool Market theories, consumer protection, innovation drivers, Porters five forces Result: The largest volumes of prescription drugs are still handled the same way as before the re-regulation by the largest distributors Tamro and Oriola. Pharmacy stakeholders in general seem to aim for lower tied up capital, with slightly higher logistics costs and service levels. Mainly, the pharmacies want to control the supply chain in-house to suit their own business models. The level of service seems to have remained stable since the re-regulation. Despite the same level of service, pharmacies desire a change in the supply chain. No change has been implemented which mainly seems to depend on the power of suppliers and lack of substitutes. In order to challenge the unbalanced power relationship pharmacies use parallel imports, which seem to have increased, as negotiation means. Conclusion: The complexity seems to lie in that the market as a whole must maintain certain islands of monopoly. A drug may be connected with very high research and development costs, which mean developer's patent protection of drugs against other vendor’s become necessary. However, this creates a weaker negotiating position for pharmacy operators. Another contributing factor to the complexity can be state involvement, as a third party, in the market. Despite this, the new market has led to an innovation development on the supply chain level where players create their own logistics.

During the last years, the pharmacy market undergone major changes. Re-regulation that has been done in 2009 meant that monopoly was unlocked for competition. In a market where firms offer equivalent products, increases the importance of delivery service as competitive tool to differentiate themselves among the crowd. This also applies to pharmacy market where the supplies of goods in large way consist of equivalent products regardless of the company. This case study observes the importance of delivery service in terms of competitive tool on pharmacy market by focusing on a company’s improvement in delivery service. This study is based on an abductive research method. The data is collected by qualitative method in form of semi structured interviews and quantitative method in form of survey research. In order to investigate and analyze relevant subject, the study applies following theories: Porter five forces, logistics as a competitive tool, delivery service and its elements, improvement cycle and logistical goal mix. The conclusion of this study is that delivery service has a significant importance for the company to differentiate itself from its competitors and create competitive advantages. Between the various elements if the delivery service, the lead time is considered to be the most essential one, which is followed by delivery reliability, level of service and supply reliability. The result from the quantitative survey shows that customers have high expectations for a smooth delivery service which harmonizes with Apoteket AB's strategy to improve the delivery service.

Purpose: The purpose is to describe how the audit profession perceives that the re-regulated education requirement in order to become an authorized auditor will affect the number of authorized auditors. Further, the aim is to compare how smaller and larger audit firms perceive the re-regulation will affect how they educate employees for the auditor exam. The purpose is to answer the research questions below.  Methodology: The study has a qualitative research method with an abductive approach. Empirical material is collected through semi-structured interviews with representatives from the audit profession that were able to describe their view of the profession and the re-regulated requirements.  Conclusion: The profession is sceptical that the re-regulation would increase the number of authorized auditors, they perceive a single individual will be attracted. To increase the number of authorized auditors, the profession must market itself better and introduce bonuses to keep people in the profession. Smaller firms will probably become dependent on FAR or networking with larger firms. Larger firms do not perceive that they need to do any significant changes in their current education plans. Smaller and larger firms agreed the profession needs more IT experts, and thus, data analytics should include in the auditor exam.

One of Sweden’s most well known monopolies is approaching its end, Apoteket AB. A re-regulation of a state owned monopoly is nothing new but it happens within an interesting trade. Since the government is in total control of the whole re-regulation process, we found it interesting to see how they managed to include the potential individuals who want to take over a pharmacy. After all, many are the times the government has emphasized the importance of small firms. Out of the approximately 900 pharmacies owned by Apoteket AB, 150 are going to be sold to individuals. This group is called “small enterprise cluster”, and this cluster became the focus of our thesis. We wanted to get an insight into this group, since it is more complex and diverse compared to the large corporations entering the market. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to measure the willingness to take over pharmacies among the employees of Apoteket AB, as well as to analyse how the government's support has affected the decisions of individuals. Method In order to get a good view of the re-regulation process we chose a qualitative approach, where we performed personal interviews with 6 respondents equally spread out on 3 pharmacies in a medium sized Swedish city and the surrounding area. The interviews where performed in a semi-structured manner. Besides the primary data, secondary data was collected. It builds the foundation for the theoretical framework and the analysis of the interviews. Since the theoretical framework was created before the research was performed, the study used a deductive research approach.

<p>One of Sweden’s most well known monopolies is approaching its end, Apoteket AB. A re-regulation of a state owned monopoly is nothing new but it happens within an interesting trade. Since the government is in total control of the whole re-regulation process, we found it interesting to see how they managed to include the potential individuals who want to take over a pharmacy. After all, many are the times the government has emphasized the importance of small firms.</p><p>Out of the approximately 900 pharmacies owned by Apoteket AB, 150 are going to be sold to individuals. This group is called “small enterprise cluster”, and this cluster became the focus of our thesis. We wanted to get an insight into this group, since it is more complex and diverse compared to the large corporations entering the market.</p><p><strong>Purpose</strong></p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to measure the willingness to take over pharmacies among the employees of Apoteket AB, as well as to analyse how the government's support has affected the decisions of individuals.</p><p><strong>Method</strong></p><p>In order to get a good view of the re-regulation process we chose a qualitative approach, where we performed personal interviews with 6 respondents equally spread out on 3 pharmacies in a medium sized Swedish city and the surrounding area. The interviews where performed in a semi-structured manner.</p><p>Besides the primary data, secondary data was collected. It builds the foundation for the theoretical framework and the analysis of the interviews. Since the theoretical framework was created before the research was performed, the study used a deductive research approach.</p>

The Swedish market for vehicle inspection is re-regulated since June 2010. More than four years after the re-regulation there are eight companies in the market. Two of these companies are a result of the former monopolist's owners divided the business among themselves. The remaining six companies have entered the market through acquisitions or by building up their business from scratch, these are known as new entrants in the study. The competition has developed slowly and the former monopolist still has the highest market share. Industry conditions are to say the least special because the companies and technicians have to have individual licenses in the form of accreditation and certification, which causes high establishment barriers. The study has the aim of contributing to the knowledge of new entrants on the re-regulated vehicle inspection market. In particular, the new entrant’s establishment and their strategic choices are studied to find out how they act to market conditions in order to create competitive advantages. The study is based on four questions: Main Question: How do new entrants create competitive advantages in the vehicle inspection market? Sub query 1: How’s the new entrants view on the competitive situation? Sub query 2: How do the new entrants establish their station-/s? Sub query 3: What strategies do the new entrants use to strengthen its position against competitors? The essay is based on an empirical survey and is designed as a case study with four units of analysis that represent four new inspection companies in the market for vehicle inspection. Data were collected through interviews with people in key positions of the four companies, as well with a person of the authority whose task is to monitor market developments, namely the Transport Agency. Furthermore, also documents issued by the authorities and new entrants were reviewed. The conclusions that the study has come up with is that the new entrants create competitive advantages through a favorable placement of stations, a bit outside the city center. The strict regulation doesn’t allow the new entrants to create competitive advantages through new or modified inspection services. Based on these regulations the new entrants are trying to attract customers through enhanced service and additional services to the inspection. They try to create a total offering to the customer where the obligatory inspection service is included.

This research describes and compares different approaches of the Better Regulation implementation in Danish Ministry of Industry & Trade and Lithuanian Ministry of Economics. These two ministries have been facing many common management problems relatively at the same time period, along with the ever-changing economic challenges and EU requirements. While the Danish ministry is being one of the most effectively restructured and de-burocratized into a project organization in EU, the Lithuanian Ministry of Economics remains at quite a low level of reformation. Even though both of these ministries had common goals, their reform purposes were completely different: the Danish reform was about to increase the Ministry’s capacity in developing new policy initiatives, to increase flexibility in resource allocation, and to make the organization an attractive working place for future graduates from universities; while the purposes of Lithuanian reform are still more about general compatibility with EU requirements.