Through a comparison of Tennessee Williams’ Blanche in A Streetcar Named Desire and Neil LaBute’s Steph in reasons to be pretty, this thesis explores the ways in which the female position has both changed and remained relatively the same over the course of the last sixty years.

Young men who commit sexual abuse is a complex topic. This study is based on litterature on the subject and the material is processed through a qualitative content analysis. The study aims to study how the litterature describes the reasons why young men commit sexual abuse. It also aims to explore what is described to be effective treatment of young men who committed sexual abuse.   The study found that most of the young men who commit sexual abuse comes from families where violence and psycohological abuse occurs. Many have themselves been victims of sexual abuse. Futhermore, causes such as low self-esteem, social and emotional loneliness and insecure attachment emerge as a common factor among the offenders. Some current treatment advocates that family, school and peers should be included. Others believe that trauma processing is required before any other treatment can begin, because the boys often have difficult experiences in their past. Others aspects of successful treatement is to show the young offenders respect and understanding. / Unga män som begår sexuella övergrepp är ett komplext område. Denna studie bygger på litteratur kring ämnet och genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys är sedan materialet bearbetat. Syftet med studien är att studera hur litteraturen beskriver orsaker till varför unga män begår sexuella övergrepp. Syftet är också att utforska vad som beskrivs vara verksamt i behandlingen av de unga män som begått sexuella övergrepp.   I studien framkommer att de flesta av de unga män som begår sexuella övergrepp kommer från familjer där våld och psykisk misshandel förekommer. Många har också själva blivit utsatta för sexuella övergrepp. Vidare framkommer orsaker så som dåligt självförtroende, social och emotionell ensamhet samt otrygg anknytning. Gällande behandling förespråkar vissa att familj, skola och kamratgrupp bör inkluderas. Andra menar att traumabearbetning krävs innan annan behandling kan sättas in då pojkarna ofta har upplevt mycket svåra händelser. Andra aspekter av en verksam behandling är att visa den unge respekt och förståelse.

When an act is right or wrong, there may be an explanation why. Different moral theories recognize different moral facts and offer different explanations of them, but they offer no account of moral explanation itself. What, then, is its nature? This thesis seeks a systematic account of moral explanation within a framework of moral realism. In Chapter 1, I develop a pluralist theory of explanation. I argue that there is a prima facie distinctive normative mode of explanation that is essential to moral theory. In Chapter 2, I characterize normative explanation through its formal properties. I then draw on John Mackie’s claim that moral explanations are queer to develop a powerful form of moral scepticism. In Chapters 3–4, I reject attempts to reduce normative explanation to logical necessity, metaphysical necessity, or conceptual (analytic) necessity. The failure of these accounts is taken to reinforce Mackie’s scepticism. In Chapter 5, I defend a partial analysis of normative explanation in terms of irreducible normative laws. I argue that irreducible normative laws offer a realist, though non-naturalist, answer to Mackie’s scepticism. The existence of irreducible normative laws then is defended as offering the best realist explanation of why rightness and wrongness supervene on descriptive properties. In Appendix A, I discuss the claim the normative explanation has an essential connection to the motivation of virtuous agents. I defend this claim from certain difficulties posed by Jonathan Dancy’s recent work.

This thesis explores two sets of issues in contemporary epistemology. The first part explores issues surrounding the category of basic knowledge (or justification) – that is, at a first-pass, knowledge (or justification) which is immediate, in the sense that one’s justification for the known proposition doesn’t rest on any justification for believing other propositions. The second part investigates issues surrounding knowledge-closure and various conditions – namely, conclusive reasons, sensitivity, and safety – which some philosophers have claimed are necessary for knowledge. Each part of the thesis is substantial (there are five chapters in the first part and four in the second), and the two sets of issues – while evidently of independent interest – are interrelated in several ways. In broad outline, part one of the thesis concludes that, even if (in the worst case) the first-pass category of basic knowledge delineated above is not ultimately tenable (on account of credible arguments against it considered in chapter 5), there is a distinct category of knowledge, aptly called ‘basic’, which is, plausibly, tenable. Part two of the thesis, meanwhile, begins by attempting to render the conclusive reasons and sensitivity conditions – conditions the adoption of which involves rejection of knowledge-closure – in as plausible a form as possible. And a rejection of knowledge-closure has implications for the viability of the first-pass category of basic knowledge delineated above, in particular. Part two closes by exploring the safety condition: a start is made at defending a novel safety condition; and a possible application of the safety condition to the legal domain is considered. The Conclusion, which includes a prospectus for further work, ties the safety condition on knowledge (chapters 8 and 9) back to the notion of failure of transmission of epistemic warrant (an absolutely central notion in part one).

This text explores the question of reasons for morality and the related issues, particularly the nature and the source of moral motivation. First, I elaborate the metaphysical distinction between subjective and objective, which concerns the status of moral reasons and the extent to which a human agent in involved in their genesis. Next, I raise some questions about moral motivation and I introduce briefly some contemporary views on these issues. Major part of the work is dedicated to the exposition of Kierkegaard's position, which combines subjective motivation for ethics (avoidance of personally perceived symptoms of despair) and objectively grounded reasons for morality (sin). Philosophers interested in moral motivation typically look for fundamental moral principles and compelling arguments in favour of being moral, but Kierkegaard turns the attention of his readers to the task of their own selves. His pseudonyms do not look for an objective moral principle, they show why the ethical life-view is essential for attainment of true selfhood. In this work, I compare some contemporary accounts of moral motivation to Kierkegaard's, I comment critically on some interpretations of Kierkegaard and differentiate between different aspects of reason for choosing the ethical life, implied in his pseudonymous...

Notice of termination of employment in selected EU member states The diploma thesis analyses the legal regulation of notice of termination from employer's side in the Czech Republic and its comparison with Austrian and German legal regulation of the same institute. Thanks to the comparison it will be possible to reach the aim of the thesis which is to find out how social is the Czech attitude regarding this topic and to discover all the possible differences and similarities among all the three legal regulations. The first chapter serves as an introduction to the particular national labour legal provisions including the development and describes the main sources of law concerning the labour law. The pivotal chapter concentrates on individual reasons for dismissal under section 52 of the Czech Labour Code to which the thesis searches for the same or similar legal regulation within the other two legal systems. This chapter is divided into the subchapters as every of them focuses on one group of reasons for dismissal. At the end of each subchapter examples from Austria and Germany are given which prove differences and similarities among the three legal systems. This logic of subchapter arrangement enables easier understanding of individual reasons for dismissal and their examples in all the three...

Notice of termination of employment in selected EU member states The aim of this thesis is comparison of legal regulation of the notice of termination of employment in three legal systems within the EU: Slovak, English and Swedish. The thesis deals with the notices of employers and in the conclusion it contains comparison and evaluation of the legal systems. The thesis comprises four chapters. The first chapter deals with international and european legal regulation of employment termination, in particular regulation of notice of termination. The chapter contains description of international treaties and conventions concluded mainly within International Labour Organisation as well as european legal regulations and directives dealing with this matter. The second chapter deals with the Slovak regulation. At the beginning, it starts with general description of employment termination, it continues with the general requirements on notice and notice period. In the next part, the chapter describes specific notice reasons, special duties of the employer during the termination of employment and ban on the dismissal for protected groups of employees. The final part of the chapter focuses on the remedies of an employee in the case the notice of termination is declared invalid. The third chapter contains the...

(v AJ) Introduction: The literature indicates that progressive aging of the population leads to increasing number of elderly patients with chronic kidney failure, initiating long-term dialysis treatment. ERA - EDTA (European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association was issued in 2016 for treatment of elderly patients with advanced kidney disease. For easier orientation in the issue to withold or withdraw from dialysis therapy recommendations have been made in 2010 Renal Physicians Association (RPA). The issue of chronic kidney disease is also dealt with nurses organization The European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association (EDTNA/ERCA). Aim: The aim of this research was to point out the reasons, for which patients with chronic kidney failure decide to withold or withdraw from dialysis therapy. Methodology: The thesis was performed through a qualitative research. Data were collected by individual guided interviews. The research sample included five participants. Four individuals decided to withold or withdraw from dialysis therapy and were further followed in the pre-dialysis nephrology outpatient clinic. One participant, who initially had started dialysis therapy acutely, later repeatedly stopped it and started it again with the...

Reasons for termination of employment Abstract The topic of the diploma thesis concerns the reasons for the termination of the employment relationship. The aim of the thesis is to analyse thoroughly the reasons for termination in the light of legal regulation as well as the case law, but the aim of the thesis is also to reveal possible legal deficiencies and possible proposals for its de lege ferenda solutions. The actual text of the work outside of the introduction and the conclusion is divided into 4 chapters. The first chapter defines the basic concepts of labour law, its function and its position within the system of law, especially its relation to civil law. The second chapter deals with general employment and termination of employment. At the beginning there is a brief discussion about the employment relationship and its origin, including its subjects, and a list of all ways of terminating the employment relationship and more precisely characterized selected ways of termination of employment, including the termination of employment contract, the probationary period, the immediate cancellation of the employment relationship and, last but not least, the collective redundancies. The third, most extensive, chapter is the core of the entire thesis and is divided into several subchapters. These deal with...

The American older adult population is rapidly growing and projected to double by 2030. There is high proportion of completed suicides in later life subsequent to several biopsychosocial variables. Medical populations, particularly Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Heart Failure (HF), have greater risk of depression, suicidality, and lower quality of life. Current geropsychology suicide research tends to focus on risk factors, a deficit approach. In contrast, the present study utilized a strength-based approach to study late life suicide by predicting life sustaining cognitions, reasons for living (RFL). This study explored the influence of physical health related quality of life (HRQOL) and depression on RFL in a sample of 75 depressed and chronically ill middle aged and older adults enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. The results indicate insignificant relationships between demographic variables (e.g. age, gender, and illness type) and reasons for living. Despite the statistically significant negative correlations between depression and physical and mental HRQOL at baseline and week five, only week five depression significantly predicted RFL (Β = -1.369, ΔR2 = .063, p= .034), after the effects of age and baseline depression were held constant. In conclusion, the present study supports integrative primary care modalities of treatment for late life depression and highlights the importance of incorporating protective factors in suicide risk assessments. Future research should consider utilizing population specific instruments and alternative medical and social variables.