Bakalauro darbe analizuojamos socioedukacinės mokyklos nelankymo priežastys ir atskleidžiamas pedagogų ir mokinių požiūris į socioedukacines priežastis, sąlygojančias mokyklos nelankymą. Atlikus tyrimą paaiškėjo, kad mokiniai socioedukacines mokyklos nelankymo priežastis skirsto į tris kategorijas: socialines, pedagogines ir psichologines. Jų vertinimu psichologinėmis priežastimis yra, silpna mokymosi motyvacija, baimė lankyti mokyklą, menkavertiškumas, žemas savęs vertinimas, elgesio ir emocijų sutrikimai. Socialinės priežastys – šeimos narių tarpusavio santykių šaltumas, tėvų atsakomybės stoka, vaikų nepriežiūra, netinkamas tėvų gyvenimo būdas, šeimos vertybių nebuvimas, tėvų girtavimas. Pedagoginės priežastys – nesutarimai su bendraklasiais, konfliktai su mokytojais, sunkios mokymosi programos, nesaugumas mokykloje, nepakankamas mokyklos administracijos ir vaiko šeimos bendravimas ir bendradarbiavimas, mokymosi gabumų stoka. Tyrimo metu mokiniai atskleidė, kad pagalbą šalinant socioedukacines mokyklos nelankymo priežastis dažniausiai teikia socialinis pedagogas. Pedagogų vertinimų socioedukacinės mokyklos nelankymo priežastys glūdi mokinio šeimoje, klasėje, bendraamžių grupėje. Pedagogai nurodė šias socioedukacines mokyklos nelankymo priežastis: mokymosi motyvacijos stoka, blogi santykiai šeimoje, paramos ir dėmesio stoka, vaiko asmenybės sutrikimai. Pedagogai atskleidė, kad socioedukacines mokyklos nelankymo priežastis šalina socialiniai pedagogai ir su šiais mokiniais... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Undergraduate thesis analyzes the social educational dropouts and reveals teachers and students socio-educational approach to the causes which lead to dropping out of school. The study revealed that students socioeducational dropouts fall into three categories: social, educational and psychological. Psychological reasons, poor motivation, fear of school, inferiority, low self-esteem, emotional and behavioral disorders. Social reasons - family relationships coldness, lack of parental responsibility, child neglect, parental lifestyle, lack of family values, parents' drinking. Pedagogical reasons - disagreements with classmates, conflicts with teachers, severe educational programs, school insecurity, lack of school administration and the child's family communication and collaboration, learning skills shortages. The study revealed the students to help the removal of socio-educational school attendance reasons most often provided by a social educator. Teachers argued that the social educational dropouts lie student in the family, in the classroom, peer group. Teachers indicated the following socioeducational school attendance reasons: lack of motivation, poor family relationships, support, and lack of attention, the child's personality disorders. Teachers revealed that the socio-educational school attendance underlying causes of social educators and students working with these individual work. It turned out that the social educators removing socio-educational school attendance... [to full text]

VIDA Vislanda har ett behov av att veta hur effektiv produktionen är på deras nya hyvleri. Därför är arbetets syfte att undersöka stopptidslängder samt bakomliggande orsaker till stoppen på företaget. Det ingår även i arbetet att lämna förslag på åtgärder som kan leda till förbättringar i verksamhetsgrad samt reduktion av stopptid. VIDA Vislanda vill veta vilken verkningsgrad, verklig löpmeter ut och verkligt stycketal ut för varje enskild dimension och längd. Resultatet presenteras efter detta önskemål men den totala verkningsgraden för hela mätperioden har också beräknats, till 52 %. Om VIDA åtgärdar de största återkommande stopporsakrna enligt våra förbättringsförslag kommer stopporsakerna att minska och således verkningsgraden att öka. / VIDA Vislanda has a need to know how efficient production is on their new planing mill. Therefore, work to investigate the stopping time lengths and the underlying causes of stoppages at the company is needed. It is also part of the work to submit proposals on measures that could lead to improvements in activity rates and reduction of downtime. VIDA Vislanda wants to know the efficiency, real meters out and real units out for each dimension and length. The results are presented after this request, but the overall efficiency of the entire measurement period was also calculated, to 52%. If VIDA addresses the major recurring causes of stoppages with our proposed improvements it will decrease the stoppages and thus increase efficiency.

The paper presents a formal analysis which incorporates returns to transportation into a Ricardian framework to predict trade patterns. The important point to be gained from this analysis is that increasing returns to transportation, coupled with appropriate distances between trading partners can be shown to reverse Ricardian predictions even when there are no international differences in tastes, technology, or factor endowments. Additional gains from trade may emerge from reductions in aggregate delivery costs owing to scale economies. (authors' abstract) / Series: Discussion Papers of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScience

Project Risk Management (PRM) plays an important part in determining project success and it is considered an essential activity for companies. The literature provides a vast amount of tools and techniques created to help project managers to deal with project risks. However, in practice, project managers use few tools and techniques. The aim of this research is to understand the reasons for the non-use of PRM tools and techniques by project managers when dealing with risks in the Swedish manufacturing sector. In order to provide evidence on why project managers do not use PRM tools and techniques, this study identifies a list of tools and techniques to investigate, and a list of possible reasons. Both these lists derive from the existing literature and past research. This qualitative study is based on multiple case studies of seven companies with nine respondents. The companies are based in the Umeå region and operate in the manufacturing sector. This study has revealed that project managers, within the sample, prefer to use qualitative tools and techniques such as meetings and expert judgements when dealing with risks. On the contrary, most of the tools and techniques for quantitative risk analysis are not used. There is a lack of awareness regarding the existing tools and techniques, and in general regarding the basic concepts of Risk Management (RM). Project managers tend to heavily rely on intuition and past experience when dealing with project risks. Other reasons that account for the non-use of tools and techniques are lack of resources and an unwarranted use in relation to the project type. In some cases project managers might avoid or delay the management of negative risks and therefore to do not use tools and techniques. Furthermore, two more reasons emerge from the analysis of data, which contribute to a better understanding of the reasons behind the non-use of PRM tools and techniques. These reasons are small increment in quality of RM by using PRM tools and techniques and complacency by project managers when using PRM tools and techniques. This research extends prior literature by providing evidence on the use and non-use of PRM tools and techniques and the reasons for their non-use in a sector where there is a lack of research. Finally, two more reasons are discovered and can contribute to a better understanding of the existing gap between theory and practice of RM.

Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti dvidešimtmečių alkoholio vartojimo aspektus. Dvidešimtmečiai vyrai dažniausiai vartoja alų (82,9 proc.) ir degtinę (77,1 proc.), moterys dažniausiai vartoja vyną (73,7 proc.), alkoholinius kokteilius (65,8 proc.) ir šampaną (64,6 proc.). Kartu su draugais alkoholinius gėrimus vartoja 94,3 proc. vyrų, 87,1 proc. moterų. Noras atsipalaiduoti alkoholį vartoti skatina 74,3 proc. vyrų ir 73,7 proc. moterų. Dažniausiai vyrai alkoholį vartoja kartą per savaitę (42,9 proc.), bendraujant su draugais (48,6 proc.), bei dažniau išleidžia daugiau pinigų alkoholiui(22,9 proc.). Moterys dažniausiai alkoholį vartoja kartą per mėnesį (43,8 proc.), švenčių metu (65,4 proc.) ir išleidžia mažiau pinigų alkoholiui (83,3 proc.). Dažniausiai vyrai (40 proc.) ir moterys (39,2 proc.) teigia, kad pagrindinė problema susijusi su alkoholio vartojimu yra sugadinti daiktai ar drabužiai. Taip pat 32,5 proc. moterų nurodo sveikatos pablogėjimą. Vieniši respondentai dažniausiai alkoholį vartoja namuose (72,8 proc.), su draugais (91,5 proc.), kurie labiausiai ir skatina juos vartoti alkoholį (24,1 proc.). Vieniši respondentai labiau įsitikinę (42,9 proc.), kad jiems reikėtų mažiau vartoti alkoholinių gėrimų. 13,4 proc. vienišų respondentų jaučia gėdą dėl alkoholinių gėrimų vartojimo įpročių. 31,3 proc. vienišų respondentų alkoholį vartoja dažniau – kartą per savaitę. Su partneriais gyvenantys respondentai dažniau alkoholį vartoja švenčių metu (67 proc.), jie labiau įsitikinę (83... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this study was to analyze the aspects of alcohol consumption among 20-yearold humans. The men in their twenties usually consumes beer (82.9 %) and vodka (77.1 %), while women tend to consume wine (73.7 %), alcoholic cocktails (65.8 %) and champagne (64.6 %). Together with friends the alcohol consumes 94.3 % of men and 87.1 % of women. The wish to relax promotes the use of alcohol in 74.3 % of men and 73.7 % of women. The men consume the alcohol mostly once a week (42.9 %) while communicating with friends (48.6 %), and often spend more money on alcohol (22.9 %) than women. Women usually consume alcohol once a month (43.8 %), on holidays (65.4 %) and spend less money on alcohol (83.3 %) than man. The large part of the men (40 %) and women (39.2 %) argue that the main reason associated with alcohol consumption are damaged items or clothing. Aggravation of health conditions may become the reason for alcohol consumtion in 32.5 % of women. Single respondents most frequently consumed the alcohol at home (72.8 %), with friends (91.5 %), who causes the main motivation for alcohol consumption (24.1 %). The large part of single respondents (42.9 %) are confident that they should reduce the amount of alcohol. 13.4 % of single respondents feel shame for alcohol consumption habits. 31.3 % of single respondents have the alcohol more frequently (once a week). Respondents living with partners have more alcohol during the holidays (67 %) and they are more confident (83 %) that they... [to full text]

Esta tesis doctoral pretende estudiar ordenadamente los escritos de Alasdair MacIntyre sobre el derecho. Se propone un itinerario desde los años cincuenta hasta 2010. Se sostiene que para la comprensión de la filosofía del derecho de MacIntyre es necesario conocer su filosofía de la acción. Tras un análisis de ésta, se estudia su deriva naturalista en la ética, sus consecuencias en la teoría de la justicia y su defensa del derecho natural. Su postura en el marco del iusnaturalismo se distingue de otras corrientes en el seno del aristotelismo y del tomismo y propone una interpretación ecléctica, no exenta de problemas. / This thesis aims to study orderly Alasdair MacIntyre's writings on Law. A way is proposed from the fifties until 2010. This thesis claims for understanding the Philosophy of Law of MacIntyre it is necessary to know his philosophy of action. Following this analysis, it is studied his naturalistic turn in Ethics and its implications for the Theory of Justice and defense of Natural Law. Their position within the Natural Law debates differs from other opinions within the Aristotelianism and Thomism and it proposes an eclectic interpretation, although this is not without problems.

Introduction Primary health care in South Africa is predominantly provided by clinics and Community Health Centres (CHC). These primary care facilities are situated in the community to ensure accessibility to care. 1 As part of ensuring quality planning, implementation and transformation of the health system, good knowledge of which cases are prevalent at our primary health facilities is important. Thus the rationale for this study as to know what are the reasons our patients come to our facilities and which diagnoses are made by the attending health care workers based on these reasons. Aim The aim of this study was to describe the spectrum of clinical and non-clinical problems encountered and the diagnoses made at our primary care facilities in the North West province of South Africa. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional survey at 19 Clinics and 5 Community Health Centres in 4 sub-districts of the Ngaka Modiri Molemma District of NW Province, South Africa. The International Classification of Primary Care-Version 2 (ICPC-2) was used to code data on selected days over a 10-month period from patients presenting at the participating clinics and community health centres. Results In total, 5082 patient encounters were recorded of which 3438 (67.7%) were females while 1644 ( 32.3%) were males. The category with highest reasons for encounter (RFE) was the general and unspecific component with 16.5% (n = 1202), followed by the respiratory component at 14.7% (n= 1066) and the cardiovascular component at 12.1% (n=882). The most common diagnoses were in the general component at 16.5% (n= 981) followed by cardiovascular at 16.0% (n= 951) and the respiratory component at 14.5% (n= 865). The average numbers of RFE was 1.4 per encounter among females and 1.5 amongst males. Diagnoses per encounter averaged 1.2 among females and males. Younger people under 40 years of age 67% (n = 3409) and females 68% (n = 3438) made up the majority of encounters. Conclusion Of all the health care facilities surveyed, there were mixtures of RFEs and various diagnoses of mixture of disease components. There were very few patients that came to the facilities for administrative purposes. Majority of the attendees were women. Collection of hypertension medication was the most common reason for encounter (RFE) with uncomplicated hypertension being the commonest diagnoses while psychosocial and problems related to male genitals were the least RFEs. There were more RFEs presented by patients than the diagnoses made by the attending HCWs. The ICPC-2 is a very user friendly tool that can be successfully utilised to monitor encounters and diagnoses at any health care facilities.

Os marcos da modernidade a secularização e a laicidade tem sido hoje postos em xeque por crescentes movimentos religiosos. As fronteiras entre Estado e religião estão sendo desafiadas e redefinidas. Dentro dessa renovação, coloca-se a questão da possibilidade ou não do uso de razões religiosas na esfera pública. O debate ganha importância no Brasil na medida em que o Pentecostalismo, ramo de Protestantismo em rápida expansão, fez afluir aos quadros do Congresso Nacional um número sem precedentes de candidatos eleitos graças à filiação religiosa. A análise teórica e empírica do uso de razões religiosas e da política pentecostal pretende jogar luz à questão, tendo sempre como paradigma, limite e orientação o fundamento último da liberdade religiosa: a dignidade da pessoa humana. / The hallmarks of modernity secularism and laicitë have now been called into question by growing religious movements. The boundaries between state and religion are being challenged and redefined. Within this renewal, the question about using or not religious reasons in the public sphere arises. The debate has great importance in Brazil insofar as Pentecostalism, a rapidly expanding branch of Protestantism, has flocking to the tables of the National Congress an unprecedented number of candidates elected because of their religious affiliation. The theoretical and empirical analyzes of the use of religious reasons and of the Pentecostal politics intends to shed light to the issue, using always as a paradigm, limits and guidance, the ultimate foundation of religious freedom: the dignity of the human person.

The budget is shown to be the most prioritized management accounting tool for companies with scarce resources, while at the same time it is criticized for being time consuming and ineffective. This study uses life cycle theory as a framework to investigate how the budgets can be used in a more efficient and effective way, depending on what life cycle stage the company is in. The purpose of this study is to investigate how commonly budgets are used throughout the life cycle stages of IT companies in Sweden, and whether there is a difference in what reasons to budget are considered the most important in different stages. By using previous research made on life cycle theory and the reasons to budget as a foundation, this study collects the data using a quantitative method where a survey is sent to a sample of IT companies in Sweden. The answers to the survey lead to results about the budget use, what life cycle stage the respondents consider their company to be in, and how important ten different reasons to budget within the areas control, planning and evaluation are to the individual companies. The results show that there is a low budget use among companies in the birth stage, and that the budget use is high for companies in the growth, maturity and revival stages. The increasing budget use follows the increasing number of employees through the stages. The study finds that in general there are no major differences through the stages in what budget reasons are chosen to be most important; control is overall the most important purpose that the budget fulfills. Furthermore, there are some reasons to budget that have been assigned low values of importance across all the stages. Staff evaluation and encouraging innovative behavior are not considered important by the responding companies.

This diploma thesis is focused on producing dairy cows and their culling rates. The general goal of this work was to compare and to evaluate the culling rates of dairy cows on 2 independent farms with free range farming system from 2012 to 2014. The diploma thesis provides the facts about culling rates in heifers and in cows till 90 days after calving, reasons to be culled, the age at culling, the age at first calving, parity when the cows were culled and the comparison of milk parameters at culling. The study was compiled from the detailed data about 474 dairy or combined utility cows. Farm Senagro a.s. Senožaty disposes pure-blooded cows or crossbreds with 51-100% of principal breed in blood. Only purebred cows are raised at farm Nečerák Vystrkov. It is obvious that culling rate markedly over 30% from all of the cows at farm Senagro a.s. Senožaty negatively influences profitability of this farm. Vice versa farm Nečerák Vystrkov belongs into category which accomplishes recommended value.