Magistro darbe nagrinėjama problema – kaip dažnai besikartojantys ir nesprendžiami konfliktai turi įtakos darbo atmosferai bei produktyvumui, atsižvelgiant į susiklosčiusias situacijas išanalizuoti ir susisteminti įvairių autorių konfliktų valdymo ypatumai organizacijose. Praktinėje dalyje atliktas tyrimas, kokie yra konfliktų valdymo ir jų sprendimų būdai. Praktinėje dalyje atliekama surinktų anketinių duomenų analizė, apžvelgus tyrimo rezultatus, galima konstatuoti, kad statybinėje organizacijoje UAB „NCC titanas“ dažnai besikartojantys ir nesprendžiami konfliktai turi didžiulę neigiamą įtaką darbo atmosferai bei produktyvumui, įmonė neturi konfliktų valdymo patirties, o daugiausia konfliktuojama su vadovu arba atvirkščiai – vadovas konfliktuoja su darbuotojais. Interpretuojant gautus duomenis, pateikiamos išvados ir rekomendacijos. / Analyzed problem in master‘s work – how often repeated and indecisive conflicts has influence for work atmosphere and efficiency, according to occur situation to analyze and structure various artists conflict management features in organizations. In practical part studied investigation what are conflict management and their solution ways. In the practical part of the collected data by a profile analysis, summarizing the results, it can be stated that the constructional organization "NCC titanas" often repeated and indecisive conflicts has a significant negative impact on the working atmosphere and productivity, the company has no experience in conflict management and largely conflicting with the manager or vice versa - manager conflicts with a staff. Interpreting the findings, submitted conclusions and recommendations.

Vaikų netinkamo elgesio problemos yra aktualios ne tik darželiuose ar mokyklose, nes jos pasireiškia ne tik ugdymo institucijose, bet ir bendruomenėje, o galiausiai ir visuomenėje. Todėl labai svarbu laiku atpažinti, įvertinti ir bandyti įveikti vaiko ir jo šeimos gyvenimą trikdančias elgesio problemas. Darbe apibendrintas pradinių klasių mokytojų, darželio auklėtojų, tėvų ir ikimokyklinio, pradinio amžiaus vaikų požiūriai į netinkamo elgesio priežastis ir pagalbos būdus. / Improper children behavior is the urgent today's problem not only in educational institutions, as kindergartens or schools, but also in community and – after all – in society. Therefore it is very important to identify, evaluate and try to overcome the behavior problems disturbing the life of a child and his or her family. In this thesis the attitudes of elementary school teachers and kindergarten teachers, of parents and preschool, primary school age children to the reasons of improper children behavior and possible assistance measures will be analysed.

The three research studies included in this dissertation aimed to examine the reasons for e-cigarette use among U.S. adults, and to examine the U.S. public opinion on allowing e-cigarette use where smoking is otherwise prohibited. Mixed (quantitative and qualitative) research methods were used. Data from an online survey (2012) and focus groups (2014) were analyzed. Among 307 survey respondents who had ever used e-cigarettes, the three most common reasons for e-cigarette use were curiosity (40.8%), the belief that “it helps people quit smoking” (19.1%), and perceiving e-cigarettes “less harmful than regular cigarettes” (9.3%). About 40% of U.S. adults were uncertain whether e-cigarette use should be allowed in smoke-free public areas, 37% opposed, while 23% favored allowing their use in smoke-free environments. The majority of the focus group participants have used e-cigarettes to complement regular cigarette smoking and intake nicotine where smoking is restricted. E-cigarette use was viewed to be less harmful and more convenient than smoking regular cigarettes. The findings of the three studies suggest that curiosity about e-cigarettes lead to experimentation and the convenience to use e-cigarettes in smoke-free areas lead to continual use. With impending regulation and the changing e-cigarette landscape, there is a need for continued monitoring and research on reasons for and attitudes about e-cigarette use, and on public opinion pertaining to e-cigarette use in smoke-free areas.

Šio darbo tikslas – nustatyti, kokios priežastys dažniausiai įtakoja šlapimo pūslės uždegimą katėms, įvertinti diagnozavimo metodus bei gydymo galimybes. Duomenys tyrimui buvo renkami Klaipėdos privačioje veterinarijos klinikoje UAB „Aumura“. Duomenys rinkti nuo 2012 m. kovo mėn. – iki 2013 m. spalio mėn. Tyrimui buvo atrinkta 30 kačių (10 kačių ir 20 katinų): Britų trumpaplaukiai (n=4), Škotų nulėpausis (n=1), Rusų mėlynieji (n=4), Egzotų trumpaplaukiai (n=2), Persai (n=3), Sfinksas (n=1) bei mišrūnai (n=15). Visais tirtais atvejais buvo atliekamas bendras šlapimo tyrimas analizatoriumi „Urine Analyzer H – 50“ bei optiniu mikroskopu „Nicon Eclipse E200“ tirtos šlapimo nuosėdos. Inkstų ir kitų organų sistemų veiklai įvertinti buvo atliekami biocheminiai kraujo tyrimai analizatoriumi „Arkray Spotchem SP – 4430”, o morfologiniai kraujo parametrai buvo nustatinėjami analizatoriumi “BC – 2800Vet”. 7-ioms katėms buvo atliktas rentgenografinis šlapimo pūslės bei šlapimo takų tyrimas rentgeno aparatu „AMERICOMP spectra 325e“, 3 akmenligės atvejai buvo diagnozuoti ultragarso aparatu “ProSound ALPHA7“. Bakteriologiniai šlapimo mėginių pasėliai buvo auginami ant kraujo agarų COLUMBIA AGAR 5 % bei selektyvinių terpių. Atlikus tyrimą nustatyta, kad pirminė ir dažniausia cistitą sukėlusi priežastis buvo urolitiazė, kurios dažniausias pasireiškimas buvo stebimas tarp patinų. Akmenligė nustatyta 5-ioms katėms ir 15-ai katinų, iš jų – 2 katės ir 12 katinų buvo kastruoti. 3-ims katėms ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the master thesis is to investigate the most frequent causes of feline bladder inflammation, methods of diagnosis and possibilities of treatment. Data for the investigation were collected in a private veterinary clinic “Aumura” located in Klaipeda city, during the period from March, 2012 to October, 2013. 30 cats were selected for the investigation (10 female and 20 male). The selected cats were of such breeds: British Shorthair (n=4), Scottish Fold (n=1), Russian Blue (n=4), Exotic Shorthair (n=2), Persian (n=3), Sphynx (n=1) and mongrels (n=15). For every case a urine test was carried out using “Urine Analyzer H – 50” and optical microscope “Nicon Eclipse E200”, urine sediments were tested. To asses functioning kidney or other organs system, biochemical blood tests were performed by “Arkray Spotchem SP – 4430” analyzer and to determine morphological parameters of blood analyzer “BC – 2800Vet” was used. 7 felines had bladder and urinary tract tested by X-Ray generator “AMERICOMP spectra 325e”, 3 cases of bladder stones were diagnosed after examination by ultrasound console “ProSound ALPHA7”. Cultures for urinal samples have been grown on the selective environment. It was investigated, that the main and the most frequent cause of formation of cystitis was urolithiasis, which was more common among males. Bladder stone was diagnosed for 5 females and 15 males (2 females and 12 males of those were castrated). The cause of formation of cystitis for 3 females and 5... [to full text]

There’s a widespread conviction in the norms of assertion literature that an agent’s asserting something false merits criticism. As Williamson puts it, asserting something false is likened to cheating at the game of assertion. Most writers on the topic have consequently proposed factive norms of assertion – ones on which truth is a necessary condition for the proper performance of an assertion. However, I argue that this view is mistaken. I suggest that we can illuminate the error by introducing a theoretical distinction between the norm of a practice and its goal. In light of this distinction, we can see that proponents of factive norms tend to mistake the goal of a practice for the norm. In making my case, I present an analogy between the norms and goals of placing wagers and the norms and goals of assertion. One may place a bet and lose without being subject to criticism, while one may win and be worthy of criticism. Whether one wins or loses is irrelevant to the normative evaluation of a bet. What is relevant is whether the bet maximizes the bettor's expected value, which is a function of what might be lost, what might be gained, and how likely those prospects are, given the bettor's evidence. Similarly, I argue, whether one's assertion is true or false is not strictly relevant to the normative evaluation of an assertion. What is relevant is whether the speaker has adequate supporting reasons for the assertion, and that the necessary conventional and pragmatic features are present. However, context will determine what count as supportive reasons for a given proposition, what counts as relevant, and what count as conventional and pragmatic elements possessing that relevance. My proposed norm, the Supportive Reasons Norm, is thus sensitive to the context of assertion and shifts from context to context.

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Att agera visselblåsare innebär att säga ifrån när det etiska klimatet brister på arbetsplatsen. Det har visat sig att det finns ett flertal faktorer som har en inverkan på beslutet att ”blåsa i visslan”. Att vara en visselblåsande sjuksköterska innebär att hen observerar en händelse som kräver ett aktivt val; att rapportera eller att inte rapportera, och oavsett vilket beslut som tas kommer konsekvenser att följa. En litteraturstudie genomfördes med syftet att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av visselblåsning. Resultatet baserades på elva vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarnas resultat analyserades och utmynnade i tre kategorier: orsaker till visselblåsning, orsaker att avstå visselblåsning och konsekvenser av visselblåsning. Resultatet påvisar att sjuksköterskor i stor utsträckning har observerat en händelse som på något sätt har äventyrat patientsäkerheten. En orsak till visselblåsning kan vara oro för bristande patientsäkerhet. Ett stressigt arbetsklimat och rädslan för negativa påföljder kan vara orsaker att avstå visselblåsning. Konsekvenser av visselblåsning kan innefatta ångest, livsstilsförändringar och utanförskap på arbetsplatsen. Konklusionen av litteraturstudien är att sjuksköterskor har både positiva och negativa erfarenheter av visselblåsning samt att det finns ett flertal faktorer som påverkar beslutet att visselblåsa eller att avstå visselblåsning. Etiska dilemman förekommer i vården och det är av värde att diskutera detta samt stödja sjuksköterskor i sin profession. Av intresse, bör framtida forskning utforska hur hälso- och sjukvården betraktar visselblåsning, samt även belysa de positiva aspekterna. / To act whistleblower means to speak up when the ethical climate is absent in the workplace. It has been found that there are several factors which have an effect on the decision to ”blow the whistle”. Being a nurse that decides to blow the whistle means that the individual observes an incident that requires an active choice; to report or not to report, and no matter which decision is made, consequences will follow. A literature study was conducted with the aim to highlight nurses experiences of whistleblowing. The result was based on eleven scientific articles. The articles results were analysed and sorted into three categories; reasons for whistleblowing, reasons to abstain whistleblowing and consequences of whistleblowing. The results shows that nurses have observed an event that somehow have compromised patient-safety to a large extent. Reasons for whistleblowing may be concerns for inadequate patient care. A stressful work environment and the fear of adverse consequences could be reasons to abstain whistleblowing. These negative effects can include anxiety, lifestyle changes and alienation in the workplace. The conclusion from this studie shows that nurses have both positive and negative experiences of whistleblowing, and that there are several factors that influence the decision to ”blow the whistle”, or to abstain whistleblowing. Ethical dilemmas occur in health care and it is valuable to discuss this and support nurses in their profession. Of interest, future research should explore how organisations in health care looks upon whistleblowing, and also highlight the positive aspects.

The thesis deals with analysis the influence to effectiveness of Holstein cows bred on the School farm in Haklovy Dvory. I studied the most frequent reasons of culling cows on the farm and the influence on the cost accounts.

Context Global Software Development plays a crucial role in the growthof software organizations. It gives a way to global sourcing, which involvescongregation of knowledge forces from all over the world to work for thecompletion of software projects with benefits. Most of the organizations usesourcing strategies to connect with other organizations in order to form aprocess for the work. The document incorporates the types of organizationsinvolved in this practice. The sourcing specifications vary from those of thesoftware organizations when compared to the others. The sourcing strategieshave some criteria for their selection but the existing literature doesnot reflect the change of sourcing strategy. This forms a research gap whichfocuses on the reasons behind the change of sourcing strategies, particularlyin software organizations. When considering this, it varies from one locationto other. Taking this into account, India is chosen as it is one of thedeveloping countries globally.Objectives The main objective of this research is to investigate the reasonsbehind the change of sourcing strategies in the present software organizationswhich are located in India. This information should act as a primarysource of information which acts as a reference for selecting the sourcingstrategy based on reasons behind changing sourcing strategies.Methods In this research, mixed method approach is used. Through thisapproach both the criteria that are qualitative and quantitative data is obtained.At first for the literature review, the systematic mapping is usedto scrutinize the available information within the topic area. Secondly, thesurvey is done to gain the input at present from software organizations inIndia and finally, the interviews (India) are conducted to validate the resultsobtained from both the above mentioned methods. Further, for thesampling of the data from research, the convenience sampling is used. Theanalysis of qualitative data is done using the thematic analysis method andfor quantitative data, the descriptive statistics is used.Results The general reasons for the change of sourcing strategies implementedby software organizations are obtained from literature and also thestate of practice in India is retrieved through surveys. Also the final primarysource of information,a checklist of reasons behind the change of sourcingstrategies in India are documented.Conclusions The main objectives of the research are answered. The generalreasons are obtained by studying the state of art. State of practice also liststhe upcoming reasons caused due to recent changes in software organizationsin India. The primary source of information which are reasons behindthe change of sourcing strategies are mentioned with each particular sourcingstrategy segregating them in both technical and non-technical reasons inIndia. So that, it will act as a checklist for practitioners, apart from havingthe criteria of selection, this checklist based on reasons behind changing thesourcing strategies in India will help them to select the sourcing strategyand understand the reasons which will lead to run the process smoothly.

Magister Curationis / The aim of the study was to explore the reasons why health workers reported their occupationally acquired needle stick injury. The secondary reasons for this study was to be able to identify the factors that contributed to the choice to report as well as the feelings health workers experienced during and after the injury. Methodology A qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach was used to gain understanding around why health workers reported the needle stick injury. Data was collected through a semi- structured interview. Population The 89 health workers at a Secondary Hospital in the Cape Town Metropole Health district who reported an occupational injury from 2001 to 2004. Sample Nine health workers were interviewed. Findings From the nine participants only six had needle stick injuries, while the other three had other blood and body fluid occupational exposures. The most common reason for reporting was that the health workers wanted to ensure their own physical well-being. Health workers and their families experienced emotional turmoil after the needle stick injury. / South Africa